Mjengo Magazine November 2017

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Welcome to the Month of November.
October has been a tedious month full of politics as we headed

to back Fresh Presidential Election on 2th October. The economy
has really slowed down because of the election and campaigns.
However, we are looking forward to moving back to normalcy in
business soonest.
Nonetheless, we have managed to push Mjengo Magazine further

and to more readers in October than we did in the previous
circulation. We are making effort to continue circulating the
magazine in Digital Format to make it more accessible and portable.
We are anticipating November to be a great month in terms of
business gain. As a way of celebrating festive season, we shall be
giving all the advertisers great discount. So, we welcome you to
• MjengoMagazine •
book for space to advertise your business. If interested, send us an

email to info@mjengomagazine.co.ke
We always share information on our social media through Facebook,

Twitter and Google+. You are welcome to follow us. We have also
have a sizeable mailing list and contacts through we circulate the
magazine. Advertisers can equally utilize our database to market
their business.
I am also pleased to let you know you can list your products and
......Heavy equipment services for free on our website on www.mjengomagazine.co.ke

Create your account anytime.
operators have to be 100% Feel free to share the magazine within your network.
sure that no one is behind God bless.
them or in their blind spots Tony Njoroge

when moving......
CONTENTS
Things to Consider When Choosing Lighting Fixtures....................................................................................................... 6
How Bulletproof Glass Works.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Steps to Minimizing Construction Site Waste...................................................................................................................10
What is a Construction Management Plan? ...................................................................................................................... 12
Using the Right Tools at the Construction Site..................................................................................................................14
Tips to Avoid Equipment Accidents...................................................................................................................................16
Managing Costs during Construction.................................................................................................................................18
Protecting the Public: Safe Construction Sites in Populated Areas................................................................................. 20
Reasons Why Buildings Collapse........................................................................................................................................22
Ways to Secure Against Construction Site Theft.............................................................................................................. 24
Start Hiring Hand Tools for Construction Workers........................................................................................................... 26
Perimeter Fencing: a Security Solution............................................................................................................................. 28
Choosing Flooring Materials.............................................................................................................................................. 30
How to Know When You Really Need to Hire an Architect............................................................................................. 32
Plumbing Materials: 7 Factors to Consider....................................................................................................................... 34
Choosing and Buying the Right Gate for Your Home....................................................................................................... 36
What to Consider When Looking for a New Roof............................................................................................................ 38
4 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Editorial Committee
Tony N. Muiruri
Paul Gichohi
Graphics and Design

Tony Njoroge (BIC Agency)
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5
November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |
Things to
and style. Bright colours are more reflective and therefore make a
room appear larger.
Ceiling height: It is important to consider the height of the ceiling
Consider When
especially when purchasing hanging fixtures. Some fixtures hang
too low and can be uncomfortable for guests and even home
occupants. For example, when purchasing a chandelier for the
Choosing
dining area, it is important to consider both the height of the
ceiling and that of the dining table so as not to interfere with the
activities of a dining area.
Lighting Fixtures
Fixture weight: When seeking to purchase one of those beautiful
but bulky pieces of light fixtures, It is good to consider its weight
and if the type of ceiling in place will be able to hold it in place
without causing a sag or a collapse of the fixture.
L
Trends: Modern day fixtures come in all types, shapes and sizes
ighting fixtures are a major part of modern architecture and and it is good to choose a light fixture that looks exquisite now and
if used properly, it can add a lot of value to a home or even is also timeless to slip into the future without losing its glamour.
an office space. It is best to involve a professional in choosing
the right lighting fixtures especially if one hopes to use the Cost: Many lighting fixtures being stocked in different shops vary
fixtures to depict personal style and a particular theme. Some factors in price due to size and the complexity of the fixture. It is however
must be put into consideration if the right look and appearance is to be possible to get a fixture that perfectly fits a room without spending
achieved. too much money. It is important to set time apart to shop around
and see what different shops are offering before settling on a
Size and use of the room: The size of a particular room determines the
particular piece especially if it is one of those expensive ones that
size of the fixture and the number of fixtures. One small light fixture
communicate style and affluence.
might make the room look too empty and hence not appealing to the
users. The use of the room determines the type of fixtures and the
Article by Ann Gitonga
intensity of the light bulbs that are going to be used. The kind of light
Buildaz Hubb
fixtures used in restaurants are more colorful and bulbs of a lower
www.buildazhubb.co.ke
intensity than those used in living rooms.
Buildaz Hubb is Business Listing website
Color scheme: The color scheme determines the type of lighting that
is suitable for a certain room considering reflection and personal taste

MOVE YOUR CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS
ONLINE
List your building and construction business, services and products on our online directory.
You will connect with the clients looking for you faster and more easily.
www.buildazhubb.co.ke
A
t first glance, bullet-resistant glass looks identical
How Bulletproof
to an ordinary pane of glass, but that’s where the
similarities end. An ordinary piece of glass shatters
when struck by a single bullet. Bullet resistant
Glass Works
glass is designed to withstand one or several rounds of bullets
depending on the thickness of the glass and the weapon being
fired at it. So, what gives bullet-resistant glass the ability to stop
bullets?
Different manufacturers make different variations of
bullet-resistant glass, but it is basically made by layering a
polycarbonate material between pieces of ordinary glass in
a process called lamination. This process creates a glass-like
material that is thicker than normal glass. Polycarbonate is a
tough transparent plastic -- often known by the brand name
Lexan or Cyrolon.
Bullet-resistant glass is between 7 millimeters and 75

millimeters in thickness. A bullet fired at a sheet of bullet-
resistant glass will pierce the outside layer of the glass, but
the layered polycarbonate-glass material is able to absorb the
bullet’s energy and stop it before it exits the final layer.

stopping the bullet. A bullet fired from inside the same car
The ability of bullet-resistant glass to stop a bullet is would easily pass through the glass because the bullet’s
determined by the thickness of the glass. A rifle bullet will force is concentrated on a small area, which causes the
collide with the glass with a lot more force than a bullet from material to flex. This causes the brittle material to break
a handgun, so a thicker piece of bullet-resistant glass would outwards, allowing the bullet to pierce the flexible material
be needed to stop a rifle bullet as opposed to a handgun and strike its target.
bullet.
Article by Edwin Njoroge
There is also one-way bullet-resistant glass available, which Eldad Trading Company
has one side able to stop bullets, while the other side allows They are dealers in Glass and Aluminium Profiles
eldad@gabnagroup.com
bullets to pass through it unaffected. This gives a person being
www.gabnagroup.com
shot at the ability to shoot back. This type of bullet-resistant
glass is made by laminating a brittle sheet of material with a
flexible material.
Imagine a car equipped with this one-way bullet-resistant

glass. If a person outside the car shoots a bullet into the
window, the bullet would strike the brittle side first. This
brittle material would shatter around the point of impact
and absorb some of the energy over a large area. The flexible
material then absorbs the remaining energy of the bullet,
9
Steps to
thereby avoiding unnecessary delays to the project on account of
delayed execution.
• Estimate when and where you’ll be generating construction site
Minimizing
waste – use this schedule to efficiently plan your methods of
handling waste.
2. Minimize construction site waste
Construction
It is a very common sight to see heaps of construction site waste
material accumulating near an on-going construction.
Here are a few steps you can take to prevent construction site waste
from gathering so fast:
Site Waste
• Request suppliers/vendors to buy back, unused material from the
site. This can be used in any other site, ensuring minimal wastage
of the material and also help you reduce costs for purchasing
N
materials.
o matter what the size of the project is, whether it’s an • Request suppliers to replace all damaged materials, so that you
independent/individual home or a multi storied apartment will not have a pile of unusable material near your site which
project, a huge waste of resources go unnoticed or are is bound to take up unnecessary space and make the site look
often taken as an inevitable spill over. Well, this can be shabby. This can also hinder work in progress as labourers/
looked into and by making simple alterations to the project; you would masons will take more time to navigate through the waste dumps
be amazed how much you are saving at the end of your project. Not and go about their work.
only are you saving on cost and energy, but also you are simultaneously • Ask suppliers to deliver materials in returnable pallets and
ensuring optimum resource utilization. Avoiding wastage at containers. This will help both in reducing storage space and
construction project sites will be so achievable and smooth if you follow minimizing transport time.
some of the best practices articulated below. • Reassess your material storage practices to prevent loss due to
weather
1. Start at the very beginning:
The best place to initiate the process of construction site waste 3. Reuse/Recycle construction site Waste On-Site
prevention is in the design phase itself. The design phase provides you Reuse / Recycle are some of the most “Green” terms that you can
with ample opportunities to prevent construction site waste that leads hear about these days. The practice doesn’t involve too much time or
to overspending on materials and waste removal expenses. money, but just requires careful pre planning to enjoy the benefits to
Some points to remember in this regard: the fullest. Below are some interesting tips:
• Make sure the building plan includes materials that follow standard • Heaps of empty cement bags are a common feature in any
building material sizes. construction site waste. Don’t waste them. Use the bags as a
• Setting specific construction site waste reduction goals at the form of tarpaulin to cover freshly exposed plastered walls for
beginning of the project is also a good practice when it comes to protection instead of purchasing extra tarpaulin for the purpose.
targeting specific materials and activities This way, you are re- using the cement bags and also not
• Ensure your sub- contractor is comfortable and is confident of spending more in purchasing tarpaulins. Once the cement bags
executing the project with the materials specified in the design, have served the purpose, gather all of them and then return them

to the vendor for him to re-use the same. This will also help you in spill over, weathering etc. is avoided completely, thereby
maintaining a clean site. helping you not to waste any of the sand.
• Vitrified tiles or any kind of floor tiles usually come packed in huge
cardboard carton boxes. Normally these carton boxes are kept, 5. Know Your Local C&D Material Recycling/Salvage Requirements
lying, at the site in heaps or sometimes, an enterprising contractor Recycling and salvage companies may turn your waste into cash. Call
may sell the same to a salvage vendor to make a few extra bucks. them, get to know them and learn what their requirements are for
However, these boxes can help you save much more than make a materials they recover from construction site waste.
little extra money. Here’s how you can use these boxes effectively.
Flatten the boxes and use them to cover the floor tiles once they 6. Filter/Divert Your on-site Water Runoff
have been installed. Normally the contractor or the site in charge Construction site waste runoff, whether pollutants from vehicles
orders for Plaster of Paris to cover the tiles in order to protect them and cement mixing or from topsoil washed away by rain, can be very
from paint, scratches etc. while the finishing is still in progress. By expensive… It is always good to be environmentally conscious and
using the flattened cardboard boxes as a substitute for plaster of minimize inconvenience to your neighbours.
Paris, you can save on cost Also the plaster of Paris once removed, • Provide stabilization – temporary or permanent – by planting
cannot be reused, which will again contribute to the already rye grass
growing amount of debris at the site. • Protect all drain inlets, outlets with rock arranged in check dam
• Make a designated area for onsite-reused materials, including formation and silt fencing
lumber for fire blocking and spacers, scraps of drywall for filler in • Check your drain control measure weekly
hidden areas, etc. • Continually monitor vehicles for leaks
• Save concrete chunks, broken bricks, blocks and other masonry
rubble for backfill 7. Know Your Green Materials Alternatives
• Never throw away the excess insulation – install on interior walls or Where ever possible, make a conscious attempt to use green building
on top of attic insulation for added protection materials. This will, unlike many misconceptions, will help you reduce
• Whenever possible, purchase reused, recycled and renewable your overall cost of construction and at the same time, put less
materials; Use cement bags to move fine aggregates like sand or burden to the environment.
coarse aggregates like stone chips When we say green building materials, the following should be kept
in mind:
4. Reducing wastage of sand • Use of locally available products
In the recent past, shortage of sand has become a very pertinent problem • Use of waste products from other industries
in the construction industry. Rise in sand prices and inadequate supply • Reduced waste
of sand has made this commodity extremely expensive. Unfortunately, • Bio-based content
this is one commodity which faces almost 40% wastage at sites due to: • Recyclable or reusable components
• Effects of weather: Rain can wash away sand layer by layer • Energy Efficient
• Mixing of the bottom layer with mud, dust, etc. rendering the sand • Enhanced indoor environmental quality
unusable for construction purposes. • Reduced environmental impact over the lifecycle
• Wastage of sand while transporting from one floor to another • Reduced or eliminated toxic substances
• Build temporary flooring with low cost cement (not rich mix) and
erect side walls around it, similar to a water tank but without the
depth. Store all the sand inside this temporary tank so that excess
11
T
here are three answers to this question, depending on who wants
or uses the construction management plan (CMP). As a client, a
contractor or a municipality, you may deal with:
What is a • An overall CMP, often used by clients to map out the whole of the
project from initial business goals to evaluation after delivery
Construction
• A CMP detailing building task schedules and costs, frequently prepared
by the contractor, with detailed information on how the construction
work itself is to be accomplished
• A CMP addressing the impact of the construction project on the area
Management
around it, where the plan layout and content may follow a fixed format
defined by the municipality concerned.
A CMP Starts Off with the End in Mind
Plan?
The best plans are plans made with the finished construction in mind.
That means being able to visualize the future building or structure and its
environment, and the building process to get there. The plan can then be
checked against the objective to address parts that are missing or that are
redundant. Construction projects are often complex matters. Getting a plan
in harmony with an objective, while still meeting customer requirements, is
often an iterative process of comparison and adjustment until everything
lines up.
The “Business Plan” CMP

The larger the project, the more this “business plan” CMP becomes
necessary. It explains the what and the where of the project, why it is being
done (the expected benefit), how it will be done, and who will do it, by when.

Sections in this kind of CMP might include: the contractor’s offices or that are accessible online as a cloud computing
• Business benefit service offer streamlining of:
• Feasibility/planning permission • Construction activity project management
• Project description • CAD (computer aided design) for preparing 2D or 3D project drawings
• Client’s construction manager/team • Construction estimating for costing projects
• Project design • Construction accounting
• Bid and contract process
• Construction process As projects grow in complexity, both clients and contractors may use these
• Occupation and defects liability period kinds of software and exchange data and files between one another.
• Evaluation after occupation BIM (building information modeling) software can federate all the different
information effectively to make an even more extensive CMP.
Although this CMP is often produced by or on behalf of the client, a
contractor may provide input in a number of ways. The “Building Site” CMP
Depending on the size and nature of a building project, including demolition
Now that “Design-Build-Operate” agreements are becoming popular, and excavation, the local municipality may require another construction
a contractor may be involved from the beginning to define aspects of management plan to be drawn up for approval. Items covered often include:
business benefit with the client. The contractor’s documents concerning • Public safety and site security
schedule and costs may appear in the plan as addendums or references. • Operating hours
• Controls to limit noise and vibration
The “Project Management” CMP • Proper management of air, dust, storm water and sediment
For the construction phase and activities linked to it, a contractor can • Waste and materials re-use
prepare a construction management plan to detail the project schedule • Traffic management.
and costs. This includes the timing of the individual construction tasks,
breakdowns of the projected costs (and, therefore, the projected This kind of CMP also typically requires submittal in advance with a pre-
profitability), and information about technologies and materials to be defined period for approval. The software programs above (“Project
used. Management” CMP) can help manage the process (project management,
for example) and provide relevant information (CAD construction site plans,
Many construction software tools exist to help automate and accelerate for instance).
the production of this kind of CMP. Programs that run on workstations in
Article By Rachel Burger
13
Using the Right are tools that you are likely to use frequently no matter what kind of trade
you are working in. They may include measuring tools, bladed and a tool
like a hammer.
Tools at the
A construction site can present many hazardous situations. Don’t make the
mistake of adding to the risk of injury by using the wrong tool, or by using
the right tool in the wrong way, and never try to modify or improvise if you
Construction
don’t have the right tool or equipment. Each tool is precisely designed for a
specific purpose, so choosing the correct tool will also decrease the amount
of effort required to get a job done right without causing damage to either
the equipment or the surface being worked on.
Site
Many construction accidents can be prevented by taking the time to plan
ahead. For example, when drilling, using the wrong size of bit can cause it
to break off, possibly damaging the equipment or injuring a nearby worker.
I
Almost any tool, whether it’s a ladder or a handsaw, has the potential to
cause an injury to yourself or someone else if used incorrectly.
f you are working on a construction project then you will need the
The tools you end up using across the construction site can have a
right tools to get the job done. Even a good workman will blame
tremendous impact on the efficiency of your company. If you’re using older
his tools if they’re the wrong ones for the job! Making sure that you
tools, or don’t have effective tracking methods in place, you could be losing
have the essential tools to work on the construction site is vital. It will
money without realizing why.
undoubtedly delay the project if you don’t. This largely depends on the kind of
medium you are going to be working with. However, there are some tools that
If any of your tools rely on external power sources it’s important to ensure
are essential for all construction projects, as the following guide explains.
you have adequate power sources that are also efficient. This includes
Pre-plan your construction tool needs battery charging stations as well as portable generators.
When you’re working on a tight budget, it isn’t practical to order large numbers
of tools that you probably won’t need, on the off chance that you do. That’s Some power tools such as drills and saws are more efficient than others,
why it is important that you consider the kind of jobs that you’ll be undertaking and also more comfortable to use. It’s important to take both of these
before making a big investment on tools. You should consider the medium that elements into account when choosing your power tools.
you plan to be working on so that you have the right tools for the job. Some
trades that are common in construction are masonry and carpentry, which Having top of the line professional construction tools will help to increase
involves working with either stone or wood. the efficiency of any job site. No longer do you have to worry about
tools breaking, or have to constantly repair aging tools. Even though the
You should also consider how useful a tool is to your work, as some tools investment for new tools will be a little steep in the short term, you’ll be
are designed for a very specific task. Although larger tools might be better able to make up the initial investment fairly rapidly with increased job site
at getting the job done, you should also consider how portable the tools are, efficiency.
so that you can easily take them to the construction site. If you’re worried
about needing tools urgently, find a safety supply company that offers quick Overall, the equipment you end up selecting to complete a job will have a
turnaround on deliveries. very immediate effect on the speed at which you can complete a job. Often,
investing in the highest quality tools possible is the best decision for your
Consider general tools. There are some tools that you will need in construction business.
no matter what project you are working on. If you are planning on buying tools
then these are some of the first tools that you should consider buying first. They

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Tips to Avoid
2. Communication
Always be in constant communication with the people working
around you. A two-way radio is the best form of communication,
Equipment
if that option is not available then use hand signals from a
spotter who has been properly trained. Communication with
operators should be touched upon at every safety meeting and
Accidents
reinforced by the foreman on site.
3. Seatbelts
H
Wearing your seatbelt in heavy equipment is just as important
eavy equipment or earth moving machines have as in a moving motor vehicle. There is no excuse but laziness
been recently reported due to multiple accidents for not wearing it at all times. Not only will it save your life in
and fatalities. It is a must that all operators the case of a rollover, it keeps you firmly in your seat when
have identifiable and verifiable training on the operating on rough terrain, saving energy and reducing close
equipment before operating. Accidents can happen to both the calls by the end of a long day.
newly trained and seasoned veterans.
4. Mounting and Dismounting
Falls and stepping on and off are some of the biggest causes
For everyone’s safety especially those of the operators, here are of injury recorded by OSHA and other safety departments. This
ten important heavy equipment safety tips. includes entering and exiting the cab of a machine. A good rule
of thumb is to always maintain a 3 point contact when getting
1. Blind spots on or off of your equipment and never jump. The three Point
Heavy equipment operators have to be 100% sure that no one Rule requires three of four points of contact to be maintained
is behind them or in their blind spots when moving, even if this with the vehicle at all times – two hands and one foot, or both
involves getting out of the machine and checking. If vision is feet and one hand. If handholds or steps are damaged, replace
limited, have a spotter stand in a safe, visible position to guide them, it could prevent major injury over time.
and direct you. Inform those working around you for the day of
your blind spots and require them to make eye contact with you 5. Loading/Unloading Equipment
before coming in the equipment’s vicinity. High visibility vests Always be sure to be on level ground when loading or unloading
are mandatory on all sites. your equipment. It greatly reduces the risk of rollovers or

always inspect to ensure they are in good working condition. As
with most equipment operations, confirm all workers are at a
safe distant when lifting and moving loads.
9. Walk-around Inspection
Equipment should be inspected at least once daily before
operating. This involves walking around with a pre-developed
checklist of components to check for good working order.
Hydraulic hoses, undercarriage, oil levels, stress points, etc.
are all areas that need to be inspected and reported to the
maintenance/safety department before machine start-up. Using
a cloud-based mobile device to complete a task such as this can
greatly improve communication and response time between
operator and mechanic.
10. Knowing your Limits

Operating heavy equipment can be a stressful job at times
even for a seasoned veteran. Never put yourself in a situation
you don’t feel comfortable in regardless of your instructions.
Get out and look if unsure about working on a slope or around
hazards. Staying calm and alert throughout the day will allow
you to be more productive will translate to a positive working
environment for those around you.
As always, this list is only general guideline of things to keep in

mind. Accidents can happen, but most are preventable incidents.
Having regular safety meetings and up-to-date procedures and
training will keep incidents down and work days more efficient.
sliding off the low-bed ramps. If you are unloading on a busy

jobsite or high traffic area, make sure people are clear of the
unloading area and use a spotter to guide you.
6. Overhead and Underground Hazards

Before work starts on any jobsite, all over-head obstructions
such as power lines and low clearance should be identified and
flagged. Underground utilities such as water, sewer, gas, and
electrical need to be located by the appropriate department
and marked with colour coded paint. Play it safe when getting
close to the underground utility and hand dig to uncover.
When leaving dugout holes that workers or the public can fall
in to, be sure to set up barriers and snow fencing.
7. Lock-out/Tag-out
In accordance with OSHA, employers must train and have
procedures in place to ensure that before any employee
performs servicing or maintenance on a machine where
unexpected start-up or release of stored energy could occur
and cause injury, the machine or energy source must be
rendered inoperative. This includes hazards such as pinch
points, attachments, and raised loads. Picture warnings, locks,
and tags are to be used to prevent any incidents.
8. Load Limits
Be aware of the load limits of varying equipment when
operating different machines throughout the day. Depending
on the equipment set-up and size the load limits can change
drastically. When lifting objects with a machine make sure
loads are secure with the proper rigging attachments, and
17
Managing fraction of the cost of purchasing all the materials and doing the work yourself.
The savings can be immense. Prefabricated construction can cut the delivery
time of a project by a third and/or only require you to hire a few laborers for
Costs during
what would normally be a huge job.
The concept is applicable not just for structures, but also pre-wired light
fixtures and exterior walls. If you’ve done it a hundred times before, someone’s
probably figured out a way to prefabricate it.
Construction
4. Figure out how much you’re worth
When should you hire a contractor, and when should you do the job yourself?
It’s a tricky question, and you can easily overspend on both sides. Finding the
right balance comes down to determining just how much your time is worth.
D
Calculate the number of hours you work on a project in a given week, as well
id you know that nine out of ten construction projects experience cost as how much revenue your work brings in each week. Divide that by hours
overrun? As a construction manager, you’re probably all too familiar worked, and you have a general idea of how much your time is worth per hour.
with this reality. As a result, you’re looking for any edge you can get Sometimes, you’re better off hiring a contractor to do a job that would take
when it comes to finding cost savings. you a couple days to finish.
5. Buy your own materials

You’ve no doubt turned over a lot of stones to find ways to increase your bottom line, If you do hire a contractor, don’t let them buy the parts—if you purchase
or at least avoid dipping into the red. But it’s possible to look so hard for new savings the parts yourself, you’ll often find less expensive options than what your
ideas that you overlook some surprisingly simple actions that you can take to save contractor will offer. Some contractors may grumble, but chances are they’d
money in a way that won’t force you to compromise on project quality. rather have the work than not.
However, there are simple ways to boost your construction cost savings.
It can also save you money because if you ever have a dispute with a contractor
1. Participate in all stages of planning and they walk off the project or don’t show up, you might never see the project
OK, so you’re not an engineer. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be present for that materials again. The materials might legally be yours, but you’ll experience a
stage of the construction planning process. Even if you don’t understand every big headache (and possibly incur legal costs) trying to get them back.
technical detail, you have insights into what is doable and what isn’t. Overseeing what materials are purchased allows you to keep costs under
Don’t forget it’s your project. Involvement is one of the most effective ways to save control, and you can make changes in one area if another part of the project
money, and one of the simplest. Poor planning is a sure way to invite cost overruns goes over budget.
and delays.
This isn’t always the right move: after all, contractors may know best which
2. Constantly monitor key data materials are best suited for the project. But if you’re experienced with the
One great thing about being a construction manager today compared to, say, the project and know the materials as well as contractors do, take the lead on
1990s, is the available data. With gads of technology at your disposal, you can closely making the materials decision.
track just about every metric that matters to a construction site, including materials,
productivity, equipment usage, and individual worker stats. 6. Resist the urge to settle on the first contractor you meet
You’re busy, I know, but don’t let that bleed into the contractor decisions you
By closely watching your data metrics, you can identify areas that are a major drain on make. Don’t settle for good enough, or fail to interview several candidates.
your finances. Let’s say the data shows that workers are often just standing waiting Research contractors before or after meeting face-to-face. Verify their
for a backhoe to arrive to begin work. This means that you’re paying a lot for man experience and credentials, and consider using these factors as leverage in
hours that aren’t actually being used to get work done. negotiations. If a contractor has less experience than others, you can push for
a lower price.
While it may seem counterintuitive to shell out money on construction management
software to save money, that’s exactly what software can help you do. Good software Be sure to get a few estimates before deciding. Even if you like the first
can help you become more organized, which keeps you on schedule and on budget. contractor you meet with, they may lower their price if they know you’re
evaluating other bids. Aim for three comparable bids or estimates per project.
3. Consider prefabricated and modular structures
It’s not a solution for every construction site, but if your project involves a fairly
simple structure you can often purchase a modular or prefabricated building for a

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Protecting the
All construction sites require:
• Measures to manage access across defined boundaries; and
• Steps to exclude unauthorized people.
Public: Safe
While the numbers of children being killed or injured on construction
sites has reduced, there is no room for complacency. Each year, two or
three children die after gaining access to building sites, and many more
Construction
are injured. Other members of the public are seriously injured by:
• Materials or tools falling outside the site boundary.
• Falling into trenches; or
• Being struck by moving plant and vehicles.
Sites in Managing site access

Site boundaries: You need to define boundaries physically, where
necessary, by suitable fencing. The type of fencing should reflect the
Populated Areas
nature of the site and its surroundings. Determining the boundary is an
important aspect of managing public risk. You need to:
• Plan what form the perimeter will take;
• Provide the fencing; and
T
• Maintain the fencing.
he law says you must conduct your business without putting
members of the public at risk. This includes the public and Questions you need to ask yourself include:
other workers who may be affected by your work. • What is the nature and type of the construction work?
• How heavily populated is the area is?
• Who will need to visit the site during the work?
The project client should provide information about:
• Will the site attract children?
• boundaries
• What are the site characteristics (eg existing site boundaries,
• adjacent land usage
location, proximity to other buildings).
• access; and
Typically, in populated areas, this will mean a two-metre high small mesh
• measures to exclude unauthorized persons
fence or hoarding around the site.
This will influence the measures contractors take.
Authorisation: The principal contractor must take reasonable steps to

prevent unauthorized people accessing the site.
• People may be authorized to access the whole site or be restricted Other hazards include -
to certain areas; • slips, trips and falls within pedestrian areas;
• You must explain relevant site rules to authorized people and • plant, machinery and equipment;
undertake any necessary site induction; • hazardous substances;
• You may need to supervise or accompany some authorized visitors • electricity and other energy sources;
while they are on site or visiting specific areas. • dust, noise and vibration; and
• road works.
Hazards causing risk to the public
Many hazards have the potential to injure members of the public and Vulnerable groups
visitors. Consider if they exist on your project and how you will manage The elderly, children and people with certain disabilities may need
them. special attention. Work in premises such as schools and hospitals
needs careful thought and planning. Some children are drawn to
Falling objects - You must make sure objects cannot fall outside the construction sites as exciting places to play. You must do everything
site boundary. On scaffolds you can achieve this using toe-boards, brick you can to keep them out of the site and away from danger.
guards and netting. You may also need fans and/or covered walkways.
The following specific steps are particularly relevant to child safety:
Delivery and other site vehicles - Make sure pedestrians cannot be struck • Secure sites adequately when finishing work for the day.
by vehicles entering or leaving the site. Obstructing the pavement • Barrier off or cover over excavations and pits.
during deliveries may force pedestrians into the road, where they can • Isolate and immobilize vehicles and plant and if possible lock
be struck by other vehicles. them in a compound.
• Store building materials (such as pipes, manhole rings, and
Scaffolding and other access equipment - Prevent people outside the cement bags) so that they cannot topple or roll over.
boundary being struck while they are erecting, dismantling and using • Remove access ladders from excavations and scaffolds.
scaffolding and other access equipment. • Lock away hazardous substances.
Storing and stacking materials - You can reduce the risks associated with
the storage of materials by storing materials within the site perimeter,
preferably in secure compounds or away from the perimeter fencing.
Openings and excavations - People can be injured if they fall into

excavations, manholes, stairwells or from open floor edges. You’ll need
to put up barriers or covers.
21
Reasons Why
3. Workers make mistakes
Even when workers are given the right materials to make the concrete,
they can mix them incorrectly, says Mr Ede Anthony, a professor of civil
Buildings
engineering at Covenant University in Ota, Nigeria. This results in concrete
which is not of the sufficient strength to hold the load. He accuses
developers of cutting costs by employing unskilled workers who are
cheaper than trained builders. This is one of the reasons put forward by
Collapse
civil engineers Henry Mwanaki Alinaitwe and Stephen Ekolu why a building
in Uganda collapsed in 2004. Their research shows that the workers
misunderstood the mixing ratios of the concrete. It suggested that people
used wheelbarrows instead of measuring gauges to measure cement. The
five-storey BBJ new hotel collapsed in construction and 11 people died.
T
4. The load is heavier than expected
here are scientific reasons why buildings collapse during or after
Mr Ede says a building collapses when the load is beyond the strength of the
construction. The following are the reasons why:
building. He gives the example of asking a baby to carry a heavy box: “The
baby will not be able to withhold the strain.” More than 100 people - mostly
1. The foundations are too weak visitors from South Africa - died when a church guesthouse collapsed in
Adequate foundations can be costly. They can cost up to half the price of Nigeria in 2014. Even if the foundations and the materials are strong enough
a building. Two things should be considered when you are building the for what they were originally built for, that purpose may change.
foundations - the solidity of the soil and the heaviness of the building and its
contents. Swampy ground requires strong foundations. Far stronger than solid So, Mr Ede says, if a building was designed to be a home and is then turned
ground. However, Developers save money that should be spent on foundations into a library where boxes and boxes of books are piled up, the building
when building on the city’s swampy ground and many buildings have collapsed may strain under the weight. He says another reason why the load is often
as a result. heavier than the original design is because extra storeys are added.
Even on solid ground, foundations need to be strong enough for the load.
Inadequate foundations for a four-storey building was one of three reasons In March an upmarket apartment block which had more storeys than
given by investigators for a building collapsing in northern Rwanda in 2013 and planned collapsed in Lagos, killing 34 people the Guardian reported. This
killing six people. came two years after a church accommodation for the famous preacher TB
Joshua collapsed, also, authorities said, because it had more floors than it
2. The building materials aren’t strong enough could hold. In that case more than 100 people lost their lives.
Materials that just aren’t strong enough to withhold the load are used, says
Hermogene Nsengimana from the African Organization for Standardisation. He 5. The strength isn’t tested
suggests there is a market for counterfeit materials - going as far as to say that At all points of construction the strength of the building should be tested,
sometimes scrap metal is used instead of steel. says Mr Ede. “You have to be strict,” he says, about policing building.
“The law says you must test. It’s the enforcement of the law which is the
When a six-storey building in Uganda’s capital Kampala collapsed in April, problem,” he says. That’s a big problem, he says, when at every stage of
the director of the city authority suggested it had been constructed with construction there is someone with a strong motivation to save money or
counterfeit materials, reports Ugo news site. Mr Nsengimana says there are take money. There are many physical reasons a building can collapse but
even cases of counterfeiters faking authentication certificates. But he suggests only one driving motivation for that to happen, says Mr Ede. That’s money.
contractors also knowingly use the incorrect materials to cut costs. So they may
use concrete intended to bear the load of a one-storey building in a four-storey And for him this is the real reason buildings collapse - corruption.
building.

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it.
Ways to 2. Put tracking devices in your equipment

Modern technology makes securing expensive equipment easier than
ever before. It’s simple to install tracking devices on a front-loader or a
Secure Against
backhoe, and you could also attach them to a large pallet of lumber or
other shipments of expensive materials. If any thief is unwise enough to
make off with your stuff, you can provide their location to the police and
get it back right away.
Construction There are solutions, for example, who offers cloud-based software that
enables you to monitor all the equipment you’ve tracked. Others offer
Site Theft
software that also uses GPS location to track equipment in real time, in
addition to optimizing maintenance by tracking usage hours.
These devices are helpful in other ways. Imagine a scenario where a

worker misplaces equipment and is unable to find it, causing headaches
T
for the site manager and even delays. With a tracking device, the problem
heft is a big problem for construction managers. It’s hard to is resolved quickly. You could also use them to monitor usage hours.
secure a construction site—you can’t lock up all your valuable
equipment and materials inside a structure that hasn’t been built You should also engrave company identification numbers on your
yet. So what can you, a construction manager, do to secure all property so it can easily be identified later and will serve as proof that
that valuable equipment and protect your bottom line? There is a list of it belongs to you.
straightforward options that will immediately work wonders in protecting
your construction site. 3. Install fencing
Job site theft, like most theft, is a crime of opportunity. So make your
site an unattractive target for thieves looking to make an easy score by
1. Use good lighting installing fencing.
Nothing is more of a deterrent for a thief than trying to steal from a site that
is lit up. You can find lots of lighting depending on your needs. If you have a Sometimes thieves will cause thousands of dollars in damage just to steal
small site to protect, you may only need a few lamps that will probably cost a couple hundred dollars’ worth of metal by ripping it out of the walls.
you less. If you’ve got a bigger site, you may have to pony up for dual-head So even if you don’t keep a lot of expensive equipment at the site, it’s in
LED lights mounted on tripods that could run your bill into the thousands. your best interest to pay for some good security. If possible, have only
But compared to how much you could lose from theft, it’s probably worth
one entry point to the construction site, and only allow authorized personnel
with credentials onto the property.
4. Get surveillance, and install signs warning would-be thieves

Again, job site theft typically happens when you make yourself an easy target
for criminals. If they see signs warning that your construction site is under
surveillance, they’ll probably move on.
A good surveillance system provides a complete picture of the job site, so

if anyone does make off with materials or heavy equipment, you’ll have
footage you can take to the authorities. It has the added benefit of helping
to provide a safe working environment for both employees and visitors, and
it enables you to monitor the construction process in real time. It may even
save you from a liability lawsuit.
5. Plan deliveries
When you don’t plan deliveries adequately, expensive materials and
equipment get dropped off when no one is there to secure it. And that just
makes it easy for the thieves. By planning deliveries properly, you can make
sure someone is there to secure a delivery when it arrives. But it’s not easy—
construction sites can be large, complex, and even disorganized places, and
it takes a lot of skill in construction management to make sure each delivery
arrives at a time when someone can protect it.
25
Start Hiring
Like every business opportunity, the leasing/hiring business has its own critical
success factors.
Here are three very important things you should keep in mind before you
make a move to enter this interesting industry:
Hand Tools for

(i) It’s a capital intensive business
If everybody could afford their own tractor, warehouse or construction
equipment, they would own them. The edge you will have in this business is
Construction
the high cost of the hired items, which is exactly the reason why customers
will come to you to hire or lease.
(ii) Your equipment is the heart of this business. Take good care of them.
One of the great things about the leasing/hiring business is that anytime your
equipment is with a client, it’s very likely making money for you. And this is
Workers
why you need to ensure that your tools and equipment are in good working
condition at all times.
As the owner of the equipment, it is your responsibility to ensure they
are operated, managed and maintained according to the recommended
A
standards. It’s important that you strike the balance between utilization and
ccording to the recent KPMG Construction in Africa Sector Report, maintenance. Don’t forget, your assets/equipment cannot make you money if
there is a need for basic infrastructure investment of around US$100 it’s broken down or out of service.
billion per year on the African continent over the next decade. That’s a Poor maintenance and management is the single biggest reason why many
lot of construction work! hiring businesses go out of business. The owners are often carried away by
Some of the countries experiencing a significant expansion in construction sector the money they’re making and forget to properly service and maintain these
activity include: Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nigeria, assets.
Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Yes, you’re thinking right; these countries will (iii) The terms and conditions of hiring your equipment must always be clear
need extensive supplies of construction materials and equipment to meet their In dealing with clients who hire your equipment/property, you must always
infrastructural growth targets. set clear terms and conditions for the use of your asset. If not, you’ll be
encouraging people to cross the line, and they may be reckless with your
As a result of the ongoing (and impending) boom in construction activity across equipment, and probably damage it.
Africa, there is a steady rise in demand for hiring construction equipment, especially
by contractors and construction companies that cannot afford to own them. Here are a couple of issues that must be addressed in your hiring/lease
agreements with clients:
The most popular categories of construction equipment that are being hired are: • If your equipment is damaged during use, who takes care of it?
• earth-moving equipment (excavators, bulldozers and loaders), • Who will be responsible for things like fuel (especially for vehicles),
• construction vehicles (dumpers, tippers and tankers), transportation to/from the site, operation and servicing?
• material handling equipment (cranes, forklifts and hoists), and • It always helps to have your clients sign your Standard Terms and
• Other equipment (like concrete mixers, heavy duty pumps and stone crushers). Conditions of Use during the hiring transaction to ensure that each
party knows their responsibilities and expectations.
While the large, established and multinational construction companies have a
significant stock of light and heavy-duty equipment at their disposal, the volume Though capital intensive, the leasing business can be a very promising venture
of construction work happening across the country demands that construction that can continue to bring in a steady stream of income for many years, if the
contractors will hire equipment from third parties from time to time. There are also lifespan of the lease equipment is ensured.
the local construction contractors who will always have need to hire these equipment
as they do not yet have the capital and capacity to own them. This makes them a If you have little or no experience in the leasing business, it’s best to start
prime target for leasing construction equipment. There is also a huge demand for small. Start with one piece of equipment to test the market and learn the
simple construction tools and household repair tools like drills, wheelbarrows and ropes. You can scale up and buy more equipment as you progress.
pickaxes.
Things to Remember as You Start an Equipment and Tool Leasing Business

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S
urveillance cameras have, without a doubt, gained
Perimeter
prominence in recent years. While we do not have
exact figures, the collective investment made by
individuals and corporate bodies is enormous. As
Fencing:
security awareness among Kenyans grows, there has been an
increase in the number of firms retailing CCTV cameras and
other security solutions. CCTV has received much attention
at the expense of perimeter fences. Fortunately, we are
a Security
now witnessing changes with people beginning to embrace
perimeter security systems.
The threat of terrorism, increasing crime rate, and the
Solution
growing real estate market are some of the driving forces
behind renewed interest in security fencing. At the same
time, security professionals have helped create awareness by
selling consumers the idea of having a comprehensive safety
solution. Before delving further into this discussion, what is
the meaning of perimeter fencing? In its security overview,
IFSEC Global defines perimeter security as the technology
and systems put in place within an area to protect both assets
and people from unauthorized intrusion.

In a literary sense, a fence is a physical obstacle consisting of concrete. Wooden poles are less expensive than the concrete
several layers that help in detecting, deterring and delaying illegal type and are also good.
entry. Examples include barbed or mesh wire fences, concrete
walls. Perimeters also comprise of internal spaces within a With the fence in place, proceed to augment it with an electric
property and individual buildings such as sentry boxes manned by fence, CCTV cameras and security lighting. If you recall from the
guards. Historically, perimeter walls have been the prerogative of onset, we said that barriers only help in delaying or deterring
sensitive government installations and military barracks. Lately, intruders. By multi-layering your perimeter wall, you not only
we are witnessing a trend where residential areas and shopping make it difficult for the intrusion but also give security personnel
malls use security barriers to boost already existing systems such the chance to take action. Also, the more you delay an intruder,
as video surveillance. the more you create opportunities to call for help from the police
or your security service provider.
Before installing a perimeter wall, you should consult the local
county office to establish whether there are by-laws on the same.
An ideal fence should have a height of over seven feet. Anything
below this is merely a boundary demarcation. A security fence
should have barbed wire or mesh wire all round. At the top, add
three or four strands of wire preferably barbed wire at an angle
of 45 degrees outwards and pointing upwards. Alternatively, you
could use razor-sharp wire in place of the barbed wire. To support
the erection of a fence all round, use posts made from reinforced
29
Choosing
Flooring
Materials
N
ew flooring materials are a great way to update your home,
from traditional timber to natural stone, vinyl or poured resin,
there is plenty of choice.
Flooring is an element of decorating that is often not regarded as being

important to an interior design scheme – but getting it right can affect the
overall appearance of a room. For example, hard surfaces reflect light,
while textures absorb it, so the deeper the pile of carpet, the smaller and
potentially darker the space will appear. The right flooring will strike a
balance between practicality and what suits the style of the room scheme
in which it will be featured.
Wood Flooring
Timber flooring has increased in popularity over the past decade and is
high on the wish-list of many prospective homebuyers. Available in varying
grains, tones and finishes, there is a timber to suit most rooms, including
the hallway – although it’s not ideal for a bathroom.
warmth to a kitchen, bathroom or hallway and can look very elegant in a living area. As
long as stone flooring is laid correctly, it should last forever and is often perceived to
Engineered wood floors – a real wood veneer over a middle core of heat-
add value to a property – but ensure that it is installed on a sturdy and sound sub-floor
formed wood and a base-supporting layer – are used where shrinkage
as any movement will cause cracks. As natural stone is a porous material, it must be
might be a problem. The stability of engineered flooring makes it a perfect
adequately sealed when it’s first laid and re-sealed at least every six months thereafter.
choice over underfloor heating if the guidelines are followed, plus it is
It is the porosity that allows the stone to take on the ambient temperature of a room,
easier to lay than solid wood flooring.
so it never feels as cold or hard underfoot as ceramic tiles.
Timber flooring is usually lacquered or oiled, depending on the finish you
Consider the room in which you’re laying the tiles and choose the surface finish
prefer. A lacquered timber is more durable – but if it gets scratched, a large
carefully as highly polished stone can be very slippery when it’s wet, while matt finishes
area of flooring will need to be sanded and re-lacquered. Re-finishing a
attract dirt more easily.
more localized area is easier with an oiled floor. Prices vary according to
the thickness of the decorative wood veneer and quality of the core. Some
Poured Resin Floor
timber flooring is more prone to UV bleaching than others, so it is wise to
Since the 1960s, poured resin flooring has been widely used in industrial and retail
check how scratch-resistant it is.
facilities, where its seamless, durable and functional features provided long-lasting
results. Now available for residential homes, poured resin flooring is a design-
Laminate Flooring
led solution that offers a smooth, seamless, noise-absorbing, hypoallergenic and
A laminate is made from layers of high density fiber board with a
waterproof surface that is hardwearing and easy to clean.
photographic image (of timber, tile etc) laminated to the surface below a
It is perfect for a bathroom, kitchen, conservatory, utility area or a contemporary
tough, wear-resistant coating. Its advantages are its ease of installation,
designed living space and is available in different colors, while some designs incorporate
price and anti-scratch properties. It’s a great choice for a busy household
stone.
in all areas that are not exposed to heavy moisture (so avoid using in a
bathroom), although it can feel cold and hard underfoot. If laid badly, it
Vinyl Floor
may be noisy and clunky.
This flooring material is made up of a combination of polyvinyl chloride and plasticisers,
with added colour pigments. Available in either sheet, tile or plank form, vinyl is a very
Original Floorboards
useful flooring for a kitchen or bathroom as it is non-porous, yet it has an element of
If you’re fortunate enough to have original floorboards that are in good
resilience which makes it comfortable to walk on. There is a wide selection of vinyls as
condition, you can transform them at the fraction of the cost of laying
it can be used to replicate timber, tiles, glass and stone.
new flooring. If there are large gaps between the boards that will allow
draughts, noise and potentially light pollution from underneath (if on a first
Rubber
floor with recessed ceiling lights to the ground floor), fill the gaps with a
It is a common misconception that rubber flooring is a natural product, but since the
flexible resin gap filler mixed with sawdust (up to a 6mm gap), or re-lay
1960s most rubber flooring has been produced using a synthetic petrochemical by-
them reducing the gaps to a minimum. Boards can be rubbed down with a
product. It is, however, a highly resilient flooring that is becoming increasingly popular
floor sander, then either painted or stained.
for home projects.
It is available in stunning bright shades and suits a play area, wetroom and a
Carpet
contemporary living space, although be cautious in areas likely to attract staining from
Available in either synthetic fibres, pure wool, or a mix of both, carpets
oils and fats. Once installed, it will need a polished finish every six months.
come in a vast array of colors and budgets to suit every room (although
they’re best avoided in a kitchen or bathroom). Choose 80 per cent wool
Ceramic Tiles
and 20 per cent synthetic carpet for the best combination of wear, thermal
These tiles are a popular choice for a bathroom and kitchen because they’re non-
insulation and comfort.
porous, easy to keep clean and suitable for underfloor heating as they can store and
conduct heat. Man-made ceramics are more uniform in size and thickness, making
Patterned carpets have made a comeback, and stripes are particularly on-
them much easier to lay than natural stone ones.
trend. Go for a bold stripe to add impact to a gloomy hallway and stairs, or
to link a through room. Colorful rugs are always useful for bringing a cosy
Digital floor tiles are a great new trend – any photograph or design of your choice can
feel to hard flooring, adding color to the center of a room and helping to
be printed onto a tile that is totally unique to you.
create zones within larger spaces.
Natural Stone Tiles

Limestone, slate, marble and terracotta tiles bring character and
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How to Know For other projects, the architect’s role may be limited to drafting the
blueprints. If you can find stock blueprints similar to your own dream
When You
house, you may be able to hire an architect to make alterations.
Changing an existing plan is always less expensive than designing a
house from scratch.
Before drafting a design, a good architect will spend time talking with
Really Need
you and other members of your family. Like any other professional, the
architect will get to know how you and your family live by asking a lot
of questions:
to Hire an
• Who will live in the house? What are their ages? Who might you be
caring for in the near future? Do you want spaces to promote group
or family activities, like watching television?
• How important is an informal and formal dining room?
Architect
• Do you like to give parties? How accessible should the kitchen be
to groups?
• Do you regard the bedroom as a sanctuary where you spend many
D
daytime hours? Or, is the bedroom simply a place to sleep?
• Do you need a private area for your computer? Or, would you prefer
o I need an architect for this? It’s the right question
a centrally located media center where children can be supervised?
to ask. Architects are licensed professionals. Their
• What bothers you about the house you’re living in right now? And,
training covers many areas, ranging from landscape
what do you love about your current home?
design to structural engineering. This diversity means
• Is your automobile part of the family?
that architects can see possibilities and find solutions to your special
needs.
Even if you are working within a tight budget, it does not make good
While a builder or a home designer may make some adaptations at economical sense to cut corners on design. Talented professionals will
your request, a good architect will anticipate your needs — even if help you avoid costly mistakes — and can assure that the home you
you are not sure how to express them. build is ideally suited for the way you live.
What Architects Do The Cost of an Architect

For some projects, architects wear many hats. They may create the The services of a professional architect may add 8% to 15% to the final
design, do the drafting, select the materials, and supervise the entire cost of building a new home. For smaller jobs, like specific remodeling
work process. Ideally, your architect will visit your building site and projects, an hourly rate can be negotiated.
observe the direction of the sun, note the prevailing breezes, sketch The architect will keep track of the “billable hours” and charge a
the existing vegetation and contour lines, and anticipate the best professional rate that is usually based on the local economy. Remember
views. For renovation projects, an architect not only knows what will that what an architectural firm charges per hour may not be what the
structurally work, but will also appreciate symmetry and proportion architect personally earns.
— understanding how to make the parts of a building look like one,
whole structure.

Cost-Saving Options for Your New Home probably be suitable for the climate and the terrain.
The stunning homes you see in glossy magazines are almost always
custom-designed by licensed architects. They are the unique creations Disadvantages: Your home will be assembled from a limited array of
of men and women with the skill and the know-how to explore new standard features. Although you may request some customization,
and unexpected possibilities. But, what if your own dreams are more your house will not be a custom home. It is likely to look very
modest? Must you hire an architect? similar to many other houses in your development. Your builder
may refuse or charge highly for any changes that are not on the
Maybe not. If your taste runs toward traditional, you may opt for one established list of options.
of these cost-saving alternatives.
3. Hire a Certified Professional Building Designer
1. Purchase a Stock Building Plan Another cost-saving alternative is to hire a Certified Professional
Stock building plans are drawn by architects and home designers and Building Designer (also known as a Home Designer) to design
mass marketed through magazines, catalogs, and websites. your new home. Home designers do not have the same level of
education or the same licensing requirements as architects, and
Advantages: You can easily find stock plans for houses in a wide their fees are usually lower. Nevertheless, professional home
variety of sizes, styles, and budgets. If you are able to find a stock plan designers maintain professional certificates which demonstrate
that works for you and your family, you can save the cost of hiring that they have completed coursework and achieved experience in
your own architect. the field.
Disadvantages: The architect who designed your stock building
plan has never met you and does not know your tastes and needs. Advantages: Home designers specialize in private homes — not
Moreover, stock building plans cannot take into account the nature office buildings, shopping centers, or gas stations. For this reason,
of your building lot or the climate in your region. Many people who a home designer may actually have more experience designing
purchase stock building plans eventually decide to hire an architect to houses than some licensed architects. A good home designer can
make modifications. create a customized home tailor-made for your family.
2. Use a Production Home Builder Disadvantages: Like builders and real estate developers, home
New homes in suburban housing developments are often constructed designers tend to produce plans which are traditional. In general,
by production home builders. Production home builders have home designers do not have the training to create especially
contracted with architects and designers to create plans suitable for complex or unusual designs. If you have special needs, or if you
the region and harmonious with other houses in the development. desire a home that is truly unique, then you’ll need to hire an
When you work with a production home builder, you must select one architect.
of the builder’s (or developer’s) offered plans. You then “customize”
the plan by choosing exterior siding, light fixtures, types of windows,
and other architectural features from a menu of options.
Advantages: Builders can work more quickly and more economically

when they follow familiar, traditional plans with a finite line of
construction materials. Since the plans are locally created, they will
33
Plumbing
To choose the right material, check the quality of water with local department
or installer. You should know how the system gets affected by the quality of
the plumbing materials. Certain types of pipes are corroded easily, resulting
in contamination. Plumbing materials such as PEX do not tend to corrode and
Materials:
maintains the quality of the water.
2) Water pressure
Choose the materials that perform well under high water pressure. PVC pipes
7 Factors to
vary in thickness depending on the location they are used. Plastic products are
designed for applications with high pressure.
3) Water flow
For low operating cost and better water flow, the surface of pipes should be
Consider
smooth. Brass piping provides long lasting benefits that does not rust the
interior and maintains the smoothness inside the pipe.
4) Characteristics of soil
H
If the durability of pipe is affected from inside, the reason can be soil. Excess:
ouse owners of today’s generation take time to educate themselves
when it comes to find the right products and materials for their home. • Moisture
When it is the time to choose the best material for your home, you may • Rocks
not know where to turn, as the availability of online as well as offline • Contaminants
resources is unlimited. • Blocked drains etc. can damage the pipes.
5) Heat & temperature

However, plumbing is necessary and hence, it is essential to choose the right drainage There are some plumbing materials that cannot withstand high temperature.
system for your house. There are numerous drainage options that provide hassle-free Hence, one should choose the material that tolerates high temperature. Pipes
environment for the house owners. You need to understand how the piping system that carry hot water need to be protected so that the heat loss is nominal.
will be installed. If your house is affected by blocked drains, you need to contact a Different materials with insulating properties are used to carry hot water.
professional company or clear the blocked drains by using drainage rods or high-
pressure water jet. 6) Sunlight
The UV rays from the sun can deteriorate the quality of plastic pipes. A number of
There are number plumbing materials that are readily available and can be used for factors like how deep it is, where it is being installed, rate of flow etc. determine
different applications. In earlier days, house owners need to use torches to install pipes. the life of plastic piping. In other words, exposed pipes need a lot of attention
The modern systems that are available these days don’t need torches or other fire and maintenance.
hazards equipment.
7) Characteristics of material
The modern drainage system requires Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), which is There are different types of materials such as Copper, PVC, PEX, and CPVC etc.
easy to install. Plastic is the predominant material that is used in plumbing system these that are used depending upon their application. There are some other plumbing
days. It is easy to install these pipes compared to copper and other materials. Most of pipes that include – brass, galvanized and black.
the drainage systems are expected to last for years.
The ability of a pipe to take stress is evaluated on the type of application. Iron
Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the material. There are a number of pipes are also used to carry water, but have to be under the ground.
factors that should be considered before choosing the plumbing materials:
This article has been written by George Paul to increase awareness in people about
1) Corrosive water factors that affect plumbing materials. George Paul is an online writer who writes
Problems such as corrosive water can cause damage to the system, which is made of about home improvement tips, plumbing systems, blocked drains Cambridge and
metal. Repeated failures of the plumbing system can cause the system to last for only a do-it-yourself subjects.
couple of years. In the UK, the water is mild and is treated to avoid acidity.

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A
gate can be a fantastic addition to a home. It adds some
aesthetic desirability, but it is also a security feature that
potential buyers are going to look at should you decide to
Choosing and
sell your home in the future. Many different types of gates
are available, and you should pick the perfect one to go on your property.
Buying the Right

Have you ever noticed how a nice looking gate can transform a property
from plain to outstanding? The choices of entrance gates are so varied that
it can be a daunting task to select one. In fact, it is a good idea to get some
expert help when trying to select the right gate. While a particular type
Gate for Your

of gate may look great, it could be all wrong for your home depending
on the style.
Things to Keep in Mind
Home
When buying a gate for your home or business entrance, you need to think
about a couple of things to help you make the right decision. With this
monetary investment, you want to make sure that you will love your gate
for years to come. Ease of installation is a big deal for most homeowners.
We’ll take care of the installation for you – that’s about as easy as it gets,
right?
The Purpose
When buying a gate for your property, the first big decision is whether
it is purely for security, aesthetics or a combination of both. For most
homeowners, it is a combination, although one may hold more sway.

Thankfully, if security is the main reason for installing a gate, you can find pieces are necessary for this gate to get it working optimally, and
attractive options at reasonable prices. When buying for the look, you can you should ensure the chain you get is long enough to move the gate
choose from a wide variety of designs. The materials also vary, with choices completely. For homeowners who want a heavier gate, the sliding option
such as steel, iron, aluminum and even wood. Wrought iron is popular choice is preferable.
for many reasons such as the fact that it can be shaped into different designs.
The Cost
The Architectural Design of Your Home The material and the design can make some gates expensive. Before you
The gate should complement the look of the house. While wrought iron can start to look at your options, decide how large a budget you want to work
be one of the most beautiful choices for gates, it may not suit some settings. with.
Also take color into consideration. Do you want to be able to paint the gate
from time to time? Or will it remain a solid, stock color? Buying a gate that makes use of technology is a step in the right direction.
However, be sure that the automatic gate opener is of good quality.
Style of the Gate You should have quick access to repair services and replacement parts if
You can choose a sliding gate or one that opens out, but this may also depend needed. In addition to everything else, remember that a gate can boost
on the lay of the land. Will you need to adjust a slope to accommodate one your home’s curb appeal, which is a good thing if you ever plan to sell the
type or the other? You should think about whether a manual or automatic house.
gate is better for you.
Swinging Style; this is a type of gate that swings open, either toward your
home or away, in order to let cars in. There are a few considerations to make
for this gate. For starters, you have to determine whether you want a single
gate to swing open or if you want two pieces to open. Swinging gates are
generally ideal for structures that are made out of lighter materials because
they are easier to move.
Sliding Style; this is a gate that opens by sliding the door to the side. Many
37
What to Consider
to reduce moisture, and opt for wood that’s already been treated and
sealed to prolong the life of a wood roof, which can last 25 to 30 years.
When Looking for

Clay and Concrete Tiles
While tiles are usually more expensive than asphalt and wood shingles,
the lifespan can nearly double for these types of roofs (compared to
asphalt and wood roofs) because they are so durable and long-lasting.
a New Roof
Both clay and concrete tiles are energy efficient, but also very heavy
and require special installation, which usually includes additional
framing.
L
Slate Roofing
earn about types of roof shingles, how long it typically takes to Offered in a range of colors including shades of brown, black, gray,
install a new roof and how to find the right professional for the green, blue and purple, slate is not only elegant in appearance but
job. also extremely durable, fire-resistant, sustainable, and can even
be recycled. Slate is expensive and requires extra framing and
professional installation. A slate roof can last more than 50 years, and
Once you know you’re beyond roofing repairs and it’s time to purchase a a properly installed, well-maintained, high-quality slate roof can even
brand new roof, carefully consider the following factors to make sure you last 100 years or more.
choose what’s best for your budget and your house. It’s most likely that new
materials and technology have been developed in the roofing industry since Metal Roofing
the previous roof on your house was installed. Metal roofing is available in two types: panels or shingles, and are
made of aluminum, copper, stainless steel and zinc. They are extremely
Material, Cost and Lifespan low maintenance, but may seem expensive up front but will pay off in
When deciding on the type of roof you want, it’s important to make sure the long run. Metal roofs generally have a 20- to 40-year warranty, but
you’re choosing a material that not only complements the style and color of some can last even longer, such as up to 75 years.
your home, but also one that is durable, especially under extreme weather
conditions. Additionally, you want to take into consideration the cost— Installation Time
including maintenance and upkeep—as well as the lifespan of the type of Many factors play a part in determining how long it takes to install a
roof and what the warranty covers. new roof. The size, type of roof and materials used, complexity of the
installation process, and even the weather can significantly affect this
Asphalt Shingles labor-intensive project. Once you take into consideration all of these
Asphalt Shingles are the most commonly used roofing material on houses and things, you could be looking at anywhere from one to a few days or up
work with many architectural styles. They are low maintenance, economical to a week. Roofing contractors and installation professionals will work
and easy to install. Asphalt shingles are far less expensive than other roofing with you to come up with a realistic timeline for your new roof.
materials and, if properly maintained, will last about 20 to 25 years.
Roofing Contractors
Wood Shingles and Shake Roofing If you think it’s time to replace your roof or if you need some major
Wood shingles are a natural product usually cut from wood such as cedar roofing repairs, call professional roofing contractors in your area to
or pine that weathers nicely without looking aged. Wood shakes are a assess your situation. They’ll be able to help you determine the extent
handmade product with a rustic aesthetic that looks nice with many different of any damage and the next steps.
styles of homes including bungalows, cottages and Tudors. One big concern
with wood shingles is too much moisture from wet climates, which can lead
to splitting, rotting and mold. Make sure there’s adequate attic ventilation
HOTEL locks
SECURE DIGITAL LIMITED
Vision Plaza, Msa Road, Ground Floor, Suite #2
P.O. BOX 55986-00200
Nairobi, Kenya
www.securedigitallimited.com
info@securedigitallimited.com
securedigitallimited@gmail.com
+254 20 2622944 | +254 20 828994
+254727909060 | +254786909070
+254734390000 | +254725099090
Be Safe, Be Secure

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2017

Building and Construction | Supplies & Services

• Digital Assets Management and Strategies

Building Building Building

To Subscribe for the magazine, visit our website on

October has been a tedious month full of politics as we headed

Nonetheless, we have managed to push Mjengo Magazine further

book for space to advertise your business. If interested, send us an

We always share information on our social media through Facebook,

......Heavy equipment services for free on our website on www.mjengomagazine.co.ke

sure that no one is behind God bless.

them or in their blind spots Tony Njoroge

4 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Graphics and Design

Digitized and Optimised by:

Sales and Marketing Team

The Mjengo Magazine is published monthly by:

All rights reserved.

Mjengo Magazine Design and layout is done by BIC Agency

Mjengo Magazine is distributed in digital format Internationally,

Ceiling height: It is important to consider the height of the ceiling

6 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Bullet-resistant glass is between 7 millimeters and 75

8 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Imagine a car equipped with this one-way bullet-resistant

2. Minimize construction site waste

10 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

A CMP Starts Off with the End in Mind

The “Business Plan” CMP

12 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

14 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

16 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

10. Knowing your Limits

As always, this list is only general guideline of things to keep in

sliding off the low-bed ramps. If you are unloading on a busy

6. Overhead and Underground Hazards

5. Buy your own materials

18 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Sites in Managing site access

20 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Openings and excavations - People can be injured if they fall into

22 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Ways to 2. Put tracking devices in your equipment

These devices are helpful in other ways. Imagine a scenario where a

4. Get surveillance, and install signs warning would-be thieves

A good surveillance system provides a complete picture of the job site, so

Hand Tools for

Things to Remember as You Start an Equipment and Tool Leasing Business

26 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

28 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Flooring is an element of decorating that is often not regarded as being

Natural Stone Tiles

What Architects Do The Cost of an Architect

32 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Advantages: Builders can work more quickly and more economically

5) Heat & temperature

34 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

Buying the Right

Gate for Your

Things to Keep in Mind

36 November 2017 | Mjengo Magazine | www.mjengomagazine.co.ke |

When Looking for

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