¶ ∞ π ¢ ∞ ° ø ° π ∫ √ À § π ∫ √

∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹

ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ

£¤Ì·Ù· πÛÙÔÚ›·˜, ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜,

ÀÁ›·˜ & ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡

∞ı‹Ó· 2007

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∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹

ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ

£¤Ì·Ù· πÛÙÔÚ›·˜, ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜,

ÀÁ›·˜ & ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡

ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ∂Î·›‰Â˘Û˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË

& ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÏfiÁÔ˘

ªÈ¯·‹Ï ™ÎÔ‡ÏÏÔ˜, µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ª·ÏˆÙ›‰Ë

«∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ: ı¤Ì·Ù· πÛÙÔÚ›·˜, ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜,
ÀÁ›·˜ & ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡»
™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ªÈ¯·‹Ï ™ÎÔ‡ÏÏÔ˜, µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ª·ÏˆÙ›‰Ë
∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ & ∞η‰ËÌ·˚Îfi˜ À‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ªÈ¯·‹Ï ™ÎÔ‡ÏÏÔ˜
™˘Ó-Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·˜ 1Ô˘ ∫ÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ Andrew Dalby
™˘Ó-Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·˜ 2Ô˘ ∫ÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ƒÔ‡ÛÛÔ˜
∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ Dr Drasko Serman
°ÏˆÛÛ¿ÚÈ Ziyad Alawneh, Mario Alves, Vincent Attard, Serap Basol, Romina Bicocchi, Eva Handzar,
Abdelghani Maroufi, Essam Nada, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ƒÔ‡ÛÛÔ˜, Drasko Serman
™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ¶·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ª¤ÛÛ˘ ª·ÓÙ˙¿Ú·
∂È̤ÏÂÈ· ÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ƒfi˙· ∫Ô‚¿ÓË, µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ª·ÏˆÙ›‰Ë
∂Ù·›ÚÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜
Arab Office for Youth and Environment -AOYE (∞›Á˘ÙÔ˜) Essam Nada
Association for the Protection of Nature and Environment Kairouan -APNEK (∆˘ÓËÛ›·) Ameur Jeridi
Club Marocain d' Education en Matiere de Population
et d' Environnement-CMEPE (ª·ÚfiÎÔ) Abdelghani Maroufi
Land and Human to Advocate Progress -LHAP (πÔÚ‰·Ó›·) Ziyad Alawneh
Circolo Festambiente - Legambiente (πÙ·Ï›·) Romina Bicocchi
Associacao Cultural ETNIA (¶ÔÚÙÔÁ·Ï›·) Mario Alves
∫·ÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈ΋ ÂÈ̤ÏÂÈ· - ™ÂÏȉÔÔ›ËÛË LñPress, ∞ı‹Ó·

¶ËÁ¤˜ ʈÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÒÓ
1Ô ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ, ÛÂÏ›‰· 23: “Le Navigationi et Viaggi fatti nella Tvrchia”, ÙÔ˘ Nicolo de' Nicolai, 1580 ñ 2Ô ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ: Benoit
G. & A. Comeau (2005) “A Sustainable Future for the Mediterranean”, The Blue Plan’s Environment & Development
Outlook, Earthscan, London ñ 3Ô ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ: √ÈÎȷ΋ √ÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· ∞ã °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ˘, √∂µ¢, ∞ı‹Ó· 2001 ñ ¢Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜:
(1.1) ÛÂÏ. 45: πÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ŒıÓÔ˘˜, ∞ıËÓ·˚Τ˜ ∂ΉfiÛÂȘ (1.2) ÛÂÏ. 46: “Liste des Grands Vins fins 1938”, Bois en
coulers de Galanis, Paris 1938 (1.3) ÛÂÏ. 47: “Liste des Grands Vins fins 1938”, Bois en coulers de Galanis, Paris 1938
(1.5) ÛÂÏ. 53: “Liste des Grands Vins fins 1938”, Bois en coulers de Galanis, Paris 1938 (1.11) Benoit G. & A. Comeau (2005)
“A Sustainable Future for the Mediterranean” Blue Plan (1.12) ªÔ‡ÙÛË-™Ù·Ì›Ô˘ I. (2003) «∫·Ú˘ÛÙÈÓfi ∞ÓıÔÏfiÁÈÔ»
(2.2) “Culinary cultures of Europe” Council of Europe, 2005 (3.4) «∞ӷ·ÎψÛË» √ÈÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›· ∞ӷ·ÎψÛ˘,
No 41, 2002 Î·È No 62, 2006 (3.6) “Resource Kit on Sustainable Consumption and Production”, UNEP 2004 ñ ¶·Ú·ÚÙ‹Ì·Ù·,
ÛÂÏ. 100: “Liste des Grands Vins fins 1938”, Bois en coulers de Galanis, Paris 1938.
√È ÊˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜: 1.2, 1.3, 1.13 Î·È 2.3 ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙ‹ ºˆÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ŒÎıÂÛË «∞ÔÙ˘ÒÛÂȘ Ù˘
ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏfiÙËÙ·˜ ̤۷ ·fi Ù· Ì¿ÙÈ· ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ» ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¡∂√§∞π∞: «¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ∞ӷ·ÎψÛË: ∂·Ó·­
ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ÎÔ˘ÏÙÔ‡Ú·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÛÙ¿Û˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË ‚ȈÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·» (∂‡‚ÔÈ· , 2005) Ô˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒıËΠ·fi ÙÔ
MIO-ECSDE Ì ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ∂∂ - ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ¡∂√§∞π∞, Ù˘ °ÂÓÈ΋˜ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù›·˜ ¡¤·˜ °ÂÓÈ¿˜, ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ∆Ô˘ÚÈ­
ÛÙÈ΋˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ (E.O.T.), Ù˘ ¡ÔÌ·Ú¯›·˜ ∂˘‚Ô›·˜, ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÷ÏÎȉ¤ˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∫·Ú‡ÛÙÔ˘.
√È ÊˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜: 1.6, 1.8 Î·È 3.1 Â›Ó·È Â˘ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·Ú·¯ÒÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ Drasko Serman.

© Copyright MIO-ECSDE, 2007

ISBN: 978-960-88033-7-4

µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘: ™ÎÔ‡ÏÏÔ˜ ª., ª·ÏˆÙ›‰Ë µ. (2007) «∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ: ı¤Ì·Ù·
πÛÙÔÚ›·˜, ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, ÀÁ›·˜ & ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡» ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎfi ÀÏÈÎfi, MIO-ECSDE, ∞ı‹Ó·.
÷ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌÔ›
√ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ∏ÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂Î·›‰Â˘ÛË, ÙËÓ ∂ÈÛÙ‹ÌË
∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹
Î·È ÙÔÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi (UNESCO)
ø˜ ∂›ÙÚÔÔ˜ Ù˘ ÀÁ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ∞ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ∆ÚÔʛ̈Ó,
∆Ô 2007 Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ¢ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ √∏∂ (2005­
Â›Ì·È Â˘Ù˘¯‹˜ Ô˘ ‚Ϥˆ ÙËÓ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Ó· ¯ÚË­
2014) ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂Î·›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙËÓ
ÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ˆ˜ fi¯ËÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘
ÔÔ›· Û˘ÓÙÔÓ›˙ÂÈ ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ Ë UNESCO. ∏ ¢ÂηÂÙ›· ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ
‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘, Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÈÚ‹Ó˘.
ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Û fiϘ
∫·Ù¿ ÙË ÁÓÒÌË ÌÔ˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ Ó¤Ô˜ Î·È Î·ÈÓÔÙfiÌÔ˜ ÙÚfi­
ÙȘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ Î·È Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÓı·Ú­
Ô˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÌÂÙ·‰ÔıÔ‡Ó ·Í›Â˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â˘ËÌÂÚ›·
Ú‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÌÈ· ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·
ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ.
‚ÈÒÛÈÌË Î·È ‰›Î·ÈË ÁÈ· fiÏÔ˘˜.
¶ÚÔÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓÔ˜ ·fi ÌÈ· ¯ÒÚ· fiÔ˘ Ë ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹
∏ UNESCO ıˆÚ› fiÙÈ Ë ∂∞∞ ·ÁηÏÈ¿˙ÂÈ ¤Ó· ¢ڇ Ê¿ÛÌ· Ì¿­
Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋, Â›Ì·È Â˘Ù˘¯‹˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÒÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ
ıËÛ˘ Î·È Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÌÂÈÚÈÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ˆ˜ ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ˘ÁÈÔ‡˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊÈ΋˜ ÂÈÏÔ­
‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ MEdIES Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ­
Á‹˜, ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ˆ˜ ̤ÛÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·­
ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ «∆ÚÔÊ‹ & ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ». ∏
ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ. ™Â ¤Ó·Ó ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ ÎfiÛÌÔ Â›Ó·È fiÏÔ
∂∞∞ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ô˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈ› fiϘ ÙȘ Ù˘­
Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÚÔÊ·Ó¤˜ fiÙÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰È·ÛÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ
¯¤˜ Ù˘ ¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡, Ù˘ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘ ηÈ
ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›· ÛÙȘ ÙÚÔʤ˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ ‰È·ÙÚÔʤ˜ Î·È Ó· ÂÎ·È­
Ù˘ ηٿÚÙÈÛ˘, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ı› Ë Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊfi­
‰Â‡ÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÁÂÓȤ˜ ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚËı› Ë
ÚÔ˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, Ó· ÂÓı·ÚÚ˘Óı› Î·È Ó· ηÏÏÈÂÚÁËı› Ë ÛÙ¿ÛË
ÁÓÒÛË ÁÈ· Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÙÚfiÊÈÌ· Î·È Ì·ÁÂÈÚÈΤ˜.
ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ ÔÏ›ÙË. ∏ ∂∞∞ ÂȯÂÈÚ› Ó· ηٷÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ô­
∏ ÁÓÒÛË ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ˙ˆÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ÒÛÙ ÔÈ Î·Ù·Ó·ÏˆÙ¤˜ ϛ٘ ÈηÓÔ‡˜ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Úfi­
Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó ˘‡ı˘Ó˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜. ∂Ï›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Úfi- ÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ̤ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ËÁ¤Ù˜ Ó· Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ··­
ÁÚ·ÌÌ· ı· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· Ù˘ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÁÓÒ­ Ú·›ÙËÙ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ‚ÈÒÛÈÌÔ ÎfiÛÌÔ.
Û˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Î·È ı· ÙÔ˘˜
™·˜ ˙ËÙ¿Ì ÏÔÈfiÓ Ó· ÂÓÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȤ˜ Ì·˜ ÛÙËÓ Î·­
ηٷÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÈηÓÔ‡˜ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó ÛˆÛÙ¤˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜.
Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ÌÂ
ª¿ÚÎÔ˜ ∫˘ÚÈ·ÓÔ‡, ∂›ÙÚÔÔ˜ Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ 21Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·, Ô˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒ­
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÀÁ›· Î·È ÙËÓ ∞ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ∆ÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ Ô˘˜ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ËÏÈÎÈÒÓ ÒÛÙ ӷ ·Ó·Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ¢ı‡Ó˜ ÙÔ˘˜
ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ‚ÈÒÛÈÌÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ Î·È ÂÓı·ÚÚ‡ÓÂÈ fiÏ· Ù· ıÂÛÌÈο fiÚ-
Á·Ó· Î·È Ù· ¿ÙÔÌ· Ó· ÚÔˆı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈο
ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ‹, ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈο ‚ÈÒÛÈÌË Î·È ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈο ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹.
¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ∏ÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ Aline Borry-Adams, À‡ı˘ÓË ∆Ô̤· ∂Î·›‰Â˘Û˘ ÁÈ·
ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ / ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ¢Ú¿Û˘ ÙËÓ ∞ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË
¢/ÓÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ ∂Î·›‰Â˘ÛË
ÁÈ· ÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ (UNEP/MAP)
∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ Û˘¯ÓÒÓ Ù·ÍȉÈÒÓ ÌÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi
ÂÈÛΤÙÔÌ·È ÂÛÙÈ·ÙfiÚÈ· Ô˘ ÚÔˆıÔ‡Ó ÙË ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ÎÔ˘­
˙›Ó·, fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ¤Ú·
·fi ·˘Ù‹. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· οÔȘ ¯ÒÚ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηıÈÂÚÒÛÂÈ ÂÙ‹ÛÈ·
ÊÂÛÙÈ‚¿Ï ÌÂÛÔÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÙÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ Î·È ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Ù· ÔÔ›·
·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ı¤ÏÁËÙÚÔ ÁÈ· ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘Ú›ÛÙ˜.
°ÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ·ÏËı‹˜, ÛÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ­
ı›, ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ˘ÁÈÂÈÓfi
ÚfiÙ˘Ô ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜. ∞fi‰ÂÈÍË ·ÔÙÂÏ›, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ, Î·È Ë
ÚÔÛÙÈı¤ÌÂÓË ·Í›· ÙˆÓ ÌÂÛÔÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÓÙ·­
ÁÒÓ. ∏ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ÎÔ˘˙›Ó· ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ì·ÁÂÈÚÈ΋
·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ë ÔÔ›· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚËı› Î·È Ó· ÚÔˆıËı›.
∆Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ ªπ√-ECSDE «∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & Ë
‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ» ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· Ô˘
·Í›˙ÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ˘ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢.
Paul Mifsud, ™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹˜
∂˘Úˆ-ªÂÛÔÁÂÈ·Îfi ÿ‰Ú˘Ì·
Anna Lindh ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢È¿ÏÔÁÔ
ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÒÓ (ALF)
∫·Ù·Ú¯¿˜ ı· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ÂÎÊÚ¿Ûˆ ÙË ‚·ıÈ¿ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ ÌÔ˘ ÛÂ
fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ­
Á·ÛÙ› ÛÎÏËÚ¿ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ÌËÓÒÓ
ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷÛÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·.
¢È·ÈÛÙÒÛ·Ì fiÙÈ ÙÔ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ «∆ÚÔ­
Ê‹ & ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ» ··›ÙËÛ ÌÈ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋
ÔÌ·‰È΋ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ·fi ÂÂÈڷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜,
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ù¤˜ Î·È ÂÌÂÈÚÔÁÓÒÌÔÓ˜ ·fi ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ¯ÒÚ˜
Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ-ªÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ¶ÈÛÙ‡ԢÌ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Anna
Lindh ÔÚıÒ˜ Â¤ÏÂÍ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÛÙËÓ
ÚÒÙË ÚfiÛÎÏËÛË ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛˆÓ, ÙÔ 2006, ÛÙË ı­
Ì·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ·: «∂uÚˆ-ªÂÛÔÁÂȷο ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈο
¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·». ÀÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ Â‰Ò ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ‰Ú¿­
ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ô˘
ÂÌϤÎÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Ó¤Ô˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Î·È Â›Ì·ÛÙ Úfiı˘ÌÔÈ Ó·
Ì¿ıÔ˘Ì ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÂӉȷ­
ʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙË ‰È¿‰ÔÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ,
ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÚÔÊË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 2008, Ô˘ ÔÚ›ÛÙËΠˆ˜ ÙÔ
¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂∂ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi ¢È¿ÏÔÁÔ, ÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· Anna
Lindh, Ì ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÙÚÈ¿ÓÙ· ÂÙ¿ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ
ÌË Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÒÓ,
ı· ÚÔˆı‹ÛÂÈ ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›·: «1001 ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ
‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ» Ô˘ ı· ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ-ªÂ­
ÛÔÁ›Ԣ Ó· ·Ó·Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó ‰Ú¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰È·Ô­
ÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘. √È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ·Ó·­
̤ÓÂÙ·È Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ª·˝Ô˘ 2008 Î·È Ë
ηÌ¿ÓÈ· ı· ηٷϋÍÂÈ Û ¤Ó· ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ·‹¯ËÛ˘,
ÙË «¡‡¯Ù· ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘», Ì ٷ˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ˜ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ ÙÚÈ¿ÓÙ·
ÂÙ¿ ¯ÒÚ˜. √ ·ÒÙÂÚÔ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ‰˘­
Ó·Ù‹ ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ∂˘Úˆ-ÌÂÛÔÁÂÈ·­
ÎÒÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ, ıˆÚÒÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ÂÙ‡¯Ô˘Ì ÂÚÈÛ-
ÛfiÙÂÚ· Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈο.
¶ÚÔÛηÏÒ ÔÏfi„˘¯· fiÏÔ˘˜ Û·˜ Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÙ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÏÔԛ˭
ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∂∂ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ. °È· ÙÔ
ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· Anna Lindh ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó·
ÈÛ¯˘Úfi ‚‹Ì· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ
Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›·˜. ∂Óı·ÚÚ‡Óˆ ÏÔÈfiÓ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Î·È Âέ
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ó· ÂˆÊÂÏËıÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ
Ó‡̷ ÙÔ˘ ˆ˜ ËÁ‹ ¤ÌÓ¢Û˘ ÁÈ· Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ, ÁÈ·Ù›
fi¯È Î·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›·˜ «1001 ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰È¿­
ÏÔÁÔ». ∆¤ÏÔ˜, ı· ÂÈı˘ÌÔ‡Û· Ó· ¢¯·ÚÈÛÙ‹Ûˆ Î·È Ó· Â·È­
Ó¤Ûˆ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÂΛÓÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Î·È ÚÔÛ¤ÊÂÚ·Ó ÛÙÔ
ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·˘Ùfi.
¶Ú¤Û‚˘ Lucio Guerrato,
∂ÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈÎfi˜ ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜
¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ MIO-ECSDE
& ™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ MEdIES
√È ıˆڛ˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈΤ˜ «‰È·ÊˆÓ›Â˜» ηÈ
Ù· «¯¿ÛÌ·Ù·» ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ·˘ÙÒÓ Ù˘ ªÂ­
ÛÔÁ›Ԣ (µÔÚÚ¿-¡fiÙÔ˘, ∞Ó·ÙÔÏ‹˜-¢‡Û˘), ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÍÂÙ·ÛÙ›
Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Î·È ÛÎÂÙÈÎÈÛÌfi ·fi ÙȘ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷΤ˜ ¯Ò­
Ú˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ­
ÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜, Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ÔÈΛÏÔ˘˜
ÙÔÌ›˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÚËÓÈ΋ Û˘­
Ó‡·ÚÍË Î·È ÙËÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚfiÔ‰Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ·Ó¿­
Ù˘ÍË ÔÏfiÎÏËÚ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∆· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÔÈ ÚÔ­
ÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È ÔÏϤ˜: Ë ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ­
‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ, Ô˘ ÂȉÂÈÓÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi
ÙȘ ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙÔ Îϛ̷, Â›Ó·È ÛÙÂÓ¿ Û˘Ó‰Â̤ÓË Ì ٷ
ÌË ·ÂÈÊÔÚÈο ÚfiÙ˘· Ù˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Î·È Ù˘ ηٷӿψÛ˘
Î·È Ì ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈο Î·È ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·.
∏ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË Â›Ó·È ·fi Ù· ϤÔÓ ·Ó·Áη›· ÂÚÁ·Ï›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ
·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ·ÙfiÌˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓØ ÌÈ· ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË
Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÚÔˆı‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È,
Û˘Á¯ÚfiÓˆ˜, ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Î·È ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ­
ÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ™ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈ-
Îfi, Ù· ÙÚfiÊÈÌ· Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ Î·È Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο ı¤Ì·Ù· –ÎÔ˘˙›­
Ó·, ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹, ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Î·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ÙÚÔÊÒÓ Î.Ï.–
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ «fi¯ËÌ·» ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘
‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ˘
ηٷӿψÛ˘ Î·È ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ∂Î·›‰Â˘Û˘
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË (∂∞∞). ∆· ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷο ÙÚfiÊÈÌ·
ÂÈϤ¯ÙËÎ·Ó ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ¿ÌÂÛÔ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, ̤­
Û· ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ·ÙfïÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ¤Ó· ı¤Ì· ‰È·­
‚›ˆÛ˘ Ì ·Ï·È¤˜ Ú›˙˜, ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÈÚÚÔ¤˜, «‰¿ÓÂÈ·
Î·È ÂÈÛÙÚÔʤ˜», Î·È Ì ÙȘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˜ ȉÂÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Î·È ıÚË­
Û΢ÙÈΤ˜ «ÂÈ‚·Ú‡ÓÛÂȘ».
∆Ô ˘ÏÈÎfi ÂÚÂ˘Ó¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘˜ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ηÈ
‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ, ÙˆÓ ·ÏÏËÏÂÍ·ÚÙ‹Û­
ˆÓ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓˆÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔًوÓ,
ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ.
™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ·˘Ùfi ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ı¤Ì·Ù· fiˆ˜ ÔÈ Â˘ı‡Ó˜ ÙˆÓ
Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓˆÓ Î·Ù·Ó·ÏˆÙÒÓ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ÔÈ Î·Ù·­
ӷψÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó‹ıÂȘ Î·È Ë ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹, ÔÈ Û‡Á­
¯ÚÔÓ˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÙÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ Î·È Ô Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ˙ˆ­
‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ. ∫·Ù’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÙÚfiÔ, ÙÔ ˘ÏÈÎfi ·ÔÛÎÔ› Ó·
·ÔÙÂϤÛÂÈ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘‡ı˘ÓË
ηٷӿψÛË.
∆Ô ˘ÏÈÎfi ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËΠ·fi ÌÈ· ‰ÈÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÔÌ¿‰· Âέ
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÈÛÙËÌfiÓˆÓ, ·fi ÂÙ¿ ¯ÒÚ˜ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›­
Ô˘ (∞›Á˘ÙÔ, ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, πÙ·Ï›·, πÔÚ‰·Ó›·, ª·ÚfiÎÔ, ¶ÔÚÙÔÁ·­
Ï›· Î·È ∆˘ÓËÛ›·), Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙË­
Ù˜ Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ √∏∂ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ E∞∞ Î·È Ù˘ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋˜
Ù˘ UNECE ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂∞∞. ÀÔÛÙËÚ›¯ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ-ªÂÛÔ-
ÁÂÈ·Îfi ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· Anna Lindh ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢È¿ÏÔÁÔ ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÒÓ.
∫·ıËÁ. ªÈ¯·‹Ï ™ÎÔ‡ÏÏÔ˜
 ¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·

∂Ê·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ˘ÏÈÎfi
™ËÌÂÈÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi
A. ∏ ÙÚÔÊ‹ ˆ˜ fi¯ËÌ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ¢ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ √∏∂ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂∞∞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

B. √È ÛÎÔÔ› Î·È ÔÈ ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

°. √È ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

¢. ∆Ô ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

E. ∏ ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

ÀÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈο ΛÌÂÓ·
¶ƒø∆√ ∫∂º∞§∞π√: ∏ ∆ƒ√º∏ & ∏ ¢π∞∆ƒ√º∏ ™∆∏ ª∂™√°∂π√
∞¶√ ∆∏¡ ∞ƒÃ∞π√∆∏∆∞ ø™ ∆π™ ª∂ƒ∂™ ª∞™: ªπ∞ ™À¡∆√ª∏ ∞¡∞™∫√¶∏™∏
A. ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

B. ™Ù· ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

°. ∏ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ «ÙÚÈ¿‰·»: ÙÔ ·Ì¤ÏÈ, Ë ÂÏÈ¿, Ù· ‰ËÌËÙÚȷο & ¿ÏÏ· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

¢. ∞Ú¯·›ÔÈ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ› Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

E. ∏ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙÔ ªÂÛ·›ˆÓ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

™∆. ∏ «·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔÈË̤ÓË» ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

¢∂À∆∂ƒ√ ∫∂º∞§∞π√: ∏ ¶∞ƒ∞°ø°∏ ∆∏™ ∆ƒ√º∏™ & √π ºÀπ∫√π ¶√ƒ√π ∆∏™ ª∂™√°∂π√À
A. ∏ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋˜ ÏÂοÓ˘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

B. ∆Ô ÌÂÛÔÁÂÈ·Îfi Îϛ̷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

°. √È ˘‰·ÙÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

¢. ∏ ‚ÈÔÔÈÎÈÏfiÙËÙ· ÛÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

E. °ÂˆÚÁ›· Î·È ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

™∆. ∞ÏÈ›· Î·È ˘‰·ÙÔηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

∑. ∏ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜, Ë ·ÛÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÔÈ Û˘Ó¤ÂȤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

H. √ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

∆ƒπ∆√ ∫∂º∞§∞π√: ∏ M∂™√°∂π∞∫∏ ¢π∞∆ƒ√º∏ & √π ™À°Ãƒ√¡√π ∫∞∆∞¡∞§ø∆∂™

A. µ·ÛÈΤ˜ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ ˘ÁÈÂÈÓ‹˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

B. ∏ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰›·ÈÙ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

°. ∏ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ Ï·ÒÓ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ Û‹ÌÂÚ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

¢. ∆Ô ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎfi ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÏÔÁÒÓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

E. √ ·ÎÏÔ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

™∆. ∞ÂÈÊÔÚÈΤ˜ ·ÁÚÔÙÈΤ˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

∑. ∆Ô ‰›Î·ÈÔ ÂÌfiÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÙÚÔʛ̈Ó. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

¢Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜

¶ƒø∆∏ ∂¡√∆∏∆∞: ∏ ª∂™√°∂π∞∫∏ ∆ƒ√º∏ & ∏ ¶∞ƒ∞°ø°∏ ∆∏™

1.1 ∆Ô Ï¿‰È & Ë ÂÏÈ¿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

1.2 √ ¿ÚÙÔ˜ Ô ÂÈÔ‡ÛÈÔ˜. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.3 ∫ÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›· & ΢ӋÁÈ: ÙÔ ÎÚ¤·˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

1.4 ŸÛÚÈ·, ÙÔ ÎÚ¤·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÊÙˆ¯Ô‡ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

1.5 ºÚÔ‡Ù· & Ï·¯·ÓÈο . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

1.6 °Ï˘Îfi Û·Ó Ì¤ÏÈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1.7 ŸÏÔ ÙÔ ·Ï¿ÙÈ Ù˘ °Ë˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

1.8 æ¿ÚÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÂÚfi! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1.9 ∆· ·Ì¤ÏÈ· Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1.10 ∆Ô ÓÂÚfi ÛÙËÓ ÙÚÔÊ‹ & ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

1.11 √È Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ & Ë ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

1.12 ∆· Â·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1.13 √ «·ÂÈÊÔÚÈÎfi˜» ÎËÔ˘Úfi˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

¢∂À∆∂ƒ∏ ∂¡√∆∏∆∞: ∏ ∆∂§∂∆√Àƒ°π∞ ∆∏™ ¢π∞∆ƒ√º∏™

2.1 ∏ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2.2 À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ¤Ú· ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÊ‹; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.3 ŒÓ· Èı¿ÚÈ ·ÊËÁÂ›Ù·È ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.4 √‰ËÁfi˜ ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋˜ Ì·ÁÂÈÚÈ΋˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

∆ƒπ∆∏ ∂¡√∆∏∆∞: ∏ ª∂™√°∂π∞∫◊ ¢π∞∆ƒ√º∏ & √ ™À°Ãƒ√¡√™ ∫∞∆∞¡∞§ø∆∏™

3.1 °È·Ù› ÙfiÛË Ê·Û·Ú›· ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

3.2 «∂›Ì·ÛÙ fi,ÙÈ ÙÚÒÌ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

3.3 ∞ÁÔÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÚfiÊÈÌ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

3.4 ∆Ô Ê·ÁËÙfi Ô˘ ÂÚÈÛÛ‡ÂÈ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

3.5 ∂ÌfiÚÈÔ ÙÚÔʛ̈Ó: ‰›Î·ÈÔ ‹ fi¯È . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

3.6 ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ ÛÙÔ È¿ÙÔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3.7 ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ & ÀÁ›·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

ŒÓıÂÙ·
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ÕÚıÚÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔ fair trade: ∆Ô Î›ÓËÌ· Ô˘ ÂÍ·Ï›ÊÂÈ ÙË ÊÙүȷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

°ÏˆÛÛ¿ÚÈ ÙÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ & ÁÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙË ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

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