International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems
ICICCS 2017
Smart Agro System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Ruby Roselin A
Applied Electronics, Master of Engineering
SSN College of Engineering
Chennai, India
rubyroselin693@gmail.com
Abstract—Around the globe, agriculture plays a vital role in
framing up the economy. Though, India one of the biggest
producer of agricultural products, the growth in agricultural
products has been stagnant for past several years. Thereby,
requiring technologies to improve the efficiency of the
agricultural productivity. Hence, the key objective of the
proposed project is to making agriculture smart using IoT
technologies. The important feature of this project includes the
prevention of crops from spoilage during rain and efficiently
recycling the rain water for irrigation. Secondly, it includes
intruder alarm/buzzer which is used to detect any human/animal
intruder into the farm. Finally, the operation will be performed
by interfacing Wi-Fi module, GSM module and sensors with
Arduino. With the proposed work, current problems related to
farming are solved by reducing human efforts, wastage of water
and updating the farmer about the live condition of the field on
the mobile device.
Keywords—Arduino, GSM(Global System for Mobile), IOT(Internet of
Things), Sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
Cultivation is the backbone of the India and villages are the
life lines of growth of India. The expanded request of the
nourishment supplies requires a huge change in sustenance
creation innovation. Everywhere throughout the world where
farming assumes a crucial part in confining up the economy
and the climatic conditions or isotropic, in any case we are not
prepare to make full usage of developing resources. One of the
basic reason is the lack of precipitation and deficiency of land
supply water. Extraction of water at standard between times
from soil is reducing the water level along this lines; the zones
of un-overflowed land or persistently extending. In like way,
the unconstrained usage of water adventitiously achieves
wastage of water. In an automatic irrigation system, the most
basic favored angle is that water is given exactly when
moistness in ground goes underneath a destined edge regard.
This will help us to save a huge amount of water. Recently,
the farmer's have been using water framework strategy
through the manual control in which the agriculturists surge
the land at standard between times by turning the water pumps
ON/OFF when required. This framework from time to time
utilizes more water and as a rule the water supply to the land is
moved due to which the yields dry out. Customary water
978-1-5386-2745-7/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Dr A Jawahar
Department of Electronics and Communication
SSN College of Engineering
Chennai, India
jawahara@ssn.edu.in
deficiency goes into disrepair lands improvement before
detectable shrinking happens. Despite this obstructed
advancement rate, lighter weight regular item takes after water
deficiency. This issue can be perfectly readdressed on the off
chance that we utilizes automated irrigation framework in
which the water system will happen just when there is the
serious pre requisite of water, as proposed by the dampness in
the dirt. This issue can be overcome by using automatic
irrigation system. This issue is not only with the irrigation but
also with other facts such as pest which prey on crops,
human/animals intervention to the farm and crop theft. This
paper addresses the issue with an irrigation and
human/animals intervention to the farm through wireless
sensor network where the output of the sensors are interfaced
with Internet of Things(IoT) and GSM.
In sensor based automated irrigation system with IoT Karan
Kansara, etal.,[1] explains about the automated technology of
irrigation. The sensors used sends the interrupt signal to the
microcontroller by gathering temperature and humidity
conditions. using MAX232, the GSM and microcontroller
were connected. The moisture sensor detects the moisture
value and the signal to mobile through microcontroller thus it
reduces the power resulting in lower power consumption.
An Arduino based control system in an intelligent farming
Narayut Putjaika, etal.,[2] explains about the improvement of
the production process in plating which composes of two parts
which are a sensor system and a control system. Kalman
filtering is used to smooth the sensed data where the weather
condition is predicted based on a decision tree method.
An IoT based smart GPS system robot was implemented to
perform tasks like splashing, moisture sensing, etc by Nikesh,
etal.,[3]
II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
ARDUINO
*Temperature *GSM module
and Humidity *ATmega328 *Wi-Fi module
sensor *I/O ports *Buzzer
*Soil moisture *Two channel
relay
sensor
*Water level *Motor pump
sensor
*Rain sensor
*PIR sensor
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ICICCS 2017

III. METHODOLOGY
The smart irrigation system is firmware based where the
hardware output is linked to the software which intimates the
x SENSORS DEVICES farmer about the condition of the farm. The hardware and
Figure 1. Overview of the system
software comprises of sensors, Arduino, GSM and Wi-Fi
module.
The sensors and the devices are connected to the arduino as A Temperature and humidity sensor:
shown in the fig.1 consist of ATmega328 microcontroller. The temperature and humidity sensor used here is DHT11
Thus voltage output from the sensors sent as inputs into the which is used to measure the surrounding air, and a capacitive
arduino. Based on the input values, arduino output specifies humidity sensor and thermistor in DHT11 spits out a digital
votage to turn ON/OFF the devices. signal on the data pin. It also has a resistive elements and a
temperature measuring devices. Its technology is highly
reliable and more stable.
Power supply
B Soil moisture sensor:
The volumetric water content in the soil is measured using soil
moisture moisture sensor. It consist of two probes like stucutre, which
sensor 5 Pump 1
v act as a variable resistor. Thus it is used to monitor the soil
moisture content to control irrigation.
level R Cloud
sensor
Pump 2 C Level sensor:
e platform
Arduino l and Level sensor detects the level of fluids, liquids as well as
DHT11
a mobile slurries. These level sensor are contact type that is, they may
y Fan applicati contact with the liquid. They consist of fixed components and
sensor
on thus required less maintenance. These sensors are mounted on
Rain the walls of tank and field.
sensor GSM D Rain sensor:
module mobile The rain sensor is a switching device and it is connected to a
PIR smart irrigation system which alerts the system with the
sensor buzzer sound once it reaches the preset threshold value in the
event of rainfall.
ESP8266 E PIR sensor:
The PIR-based movement locator is utilized to detect
Figure 2. Block diagram of the system development of individuals, creatures or different items. They
The proposed system as shown in the fig.2 is serves two are litle, cheap, low-control, straightforwardness to utilize and
purposes. One, for gardening purpose and another, for don,t destroy. It is essentially comprised of pyroelectric sensor
agriculture purpose. The heart of the project is Arduino Uno which can identify levels of infrared radiation.
board and shown in the block diagram. Whenever there is F Arduino:
sufficient amount of water in the field, water will not pump The Arduino uno is an open-source electronic prototyping
into the field. Whenever, the water moisture level of the soil platform/environment and it is a microcontroller board based
goes low, water will be pumped into the field until the on ATmega328. It can be programmed with the Arduino
required amount of moisture is required. Using the soil software IDE where it comes pre-burned with the bootloader.
moisture sensor, the moisture of soil is measured. Whenever it It is supports huge documentation, large library collection,
rains, in case of cultivation land the level of water in the field low-power consumption and highly portable.
raises, which is sensed by the rain sensor and the water from G GSM sim900A:
the field will pump back into the tank, thereby achieving rain The Global system for Mobile communication is a mobile
water harvesting. In case of garden, if it rains, we are using communication modem where it is used for transmitting
buzzer to intimate the gardener. Thus prevention of crops from mobile voice and data services. It is an open and digital
spoilage due to rain will be achieved and at the same time, the cellular technology which is done using AT commands which
harvested rain water is recycled for irrigation. DHT11sensor are depicted in the following table,
measures the temperature and humidity value of the field TABLE.1 GSMSIM900 AT COMMANDS[8]
where the PIR motion sensor detects the motion of the
intruder(human/animal) into the field. Thus the sensor values
are continuously monitored and the readings are displayed to COMMAND DESCRIPTION RETURN
the farmer's mobile via GSM sim900A module where a sim
with 3G data pack is inserted into this modem which provides
IoT features to the system.

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ICICCS 2017

AT+CSCS Set TE character set, set OK into PC based frameworks, and bringing about enhanced
AT+CSCS="GSM" for effectiveness, exactness.
english only message, or set
AT+CSCS="UCS2" for IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
other language
AT+CPMS Inquiry or set message AT+CPMS? Water being a precious resource must be utilized efficiently.
storage setting to check how Agriculture is one of those areas which consumes lot of
many water. Irrigation to the farm is a time consuming process and
messages can must be done on timely basis. As aimed, through this work an
be stored auto irrigation system measuring the moisture content, and the
maximally water level. Later harvesting the excess water from the
and how cultivation field and recycled back to the tank. The developed
many system also alerts the farmer with buzzer when there is
messages intruder(human/animal) into the farm.
stored
AT+CNMI Set the new message remind, +CMTI:"SM
for example AT+CNMI=2,1 ", 2
AT+CMGS Set AT+CMGR=1; Will return
AT+CSMP=17, 167, 2, 25; ">" and then
AT+CSCS="UCS2" now the type message
message can be by unicode, 00530049004
AT+CMGS="003100350031 D003900300
00320034003500330032003 030000414E
60037002" (number 2D82F16587
15124532672) 77ED4FE153
D190016D4 Figure 3. Experimental setup of the smart irrigation system
B8BD5, end
with 1A The fig.3 shows the experimental setup of the smart agro
system using wireless sensor network. The temperature,
AT+CMGS Send message, send 180 Will return humidity, soil moisture content, water level are monitored
bytes at GSM mode, or 70 ">" and then through handheld device like mobile and also intimate the
chinese character at UCS2 type intervention of human/animals into the farm which is shown in
mode, message,
fig.4 given below.
AT+CMGS="18576608994" then end up
with hex
value
1A(0X1A,
"CTRL+Z"),
send 1B to
cancel "ESC"
AT+CMGR Read message, for example, -
AT+CMGR=1 to read
message at position 1
AT+CMGF Send the module message OK
mode, set either at PDU(0)
or text mode(1)
AT+CMGD Delete OK
message:AT+CMGD=1

H Internet of Things: Figure 4. Output of the Smart Agro System using Wireless Sensor Network
The web of things is a system of physical articles, gadgets,
vehicles, structures and different things implanted with
hardware programming, sensors and other system network
that empowers these items to gather and trade information.
IoT enables articles to be detected and controlled remotely V. CONCLUSION
crosswire over existing system foundation, making open doors
for more straightforward incorporation of the physical world Thus the proposed system deals about the irrigation system in
smart way using Internet of Things(IoT) which solved the

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 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems
ICICCS 2017

current problems related to farming such as by reducing

human efforts, wastage of water and updating the farmer about
the live condition of the field on the mobile device. The work
can be extended in such a way it detects plant disease, crop
theft etc.,.,
References

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[3] Nikesh Gondchawar, Prof. Dr. R. S. Kawitkar,"IoT based smart
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