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التجويد
التجويد
للمعهد بن عباس
التجويد للمعهد بن عباس
2
(VOWELS) الحركات
Short Vowels ) ( الحركات القصيرة
Long Vowels ) ( الحركات الطويلة
بى------ بو----- با
الشدة
ب=ب+ب ب=ب+ب ب=ب+ب
) ( السكون
با تت- فرت- تبت-
(TANWEEN) التنوين
Nun that has sukuun that is pronounced at the end of a noun but not written.
كتابن- كتابا
NUN SAKINAH
,
عنمن-- Clear Nun -- النون الظاهرة1
(Manifestation) االظهار1
This is making the nun clear and there are six types of Idhar, they are: ح ج ع غ ه
ءe.g. من حمل
التجويد للمعهد بن عباس
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(Assimilation) االدغام2
This is joining of letters to produce a sound, they are six letters of Idhgam, they
are: م ل و ن ي ر
(Overlapping) االقالب3
It is to put a small meem on the nun sukuun or tanween, this stands for the
symbol of Iqlab. Al-Iqlab has one letter which is baa. ()ب
(Hidden) االخفاى4
It is a combination between Idhgam and Idhar, it is the rest of the Arabic
Alphabet.
Assignment
الغنة
NASAL SOUND
It is a sound that is produced from al-khayshum, consists of a body of
meem and nun. It is divided into two:
أحكام االم
RULING ON LAAM
For the saakin Laam there are two rulings namely:
a) Idhgam b) Izhaar
سلطنا, ألوانكم:االسم
جعلنا, التقى:الفعل
3. At the end of the word: this is also known to be االم المتطرفة. Its ruling
is Idhaar except whenever another Laam or Raa comes after it, then
it is compulsory to do Idhgaam.
Examples of Idhgaam into Laam: قل ال اقول, بل ال تخافون
Examples of Idhgaam of Laam into Raa: بل رفعه,و قل رب
Examples of Idhaar of Laam: بل طبع, هل توب
المد و اقسامه
ELONGATION AND ITS RULINGS
Al-madd means elongation of the sound when pronouncing with letter.
There are three letters of Madd:
The Madd letters are coded as ()نوجيها. The Madd is divided into two:
1. المد العصلى: this is the one that has no sukuun or hamzah before
it. The elongation is done by two counts e.g. شانئك, ال تفرح,ذاك.
The Madd has 4 supplements which are also elongations by two
counts, they are:
i. Maddul-badal( )مد البدل: اوتو, ءادم,عاتى
iii. Maddus-silatis sugrah( )مد الصلة الصغرى: انه هوreads انهو هو,
هذه سبليreads هذهى سبلي
iv. Alif of spelt letter of Hayy Tahur( )حى طهر: these five spelt
letters are found in the beginning of the surahs. They are
elongated by two counts e.g يس – يا, حم – حا, الر – را
2. المد الفرعى: this is the elongation that is added to the natural madd
( )المد العصلىby the cause of hamzah ( )ءor sukuun ( ).
ii. المد االلجائز المتفصل: it is to have the letter of madd at the end
of a word and Hamzah at the beginning of the following word.
e.g قوا أنفسكم,يا ءادم
المد الالزم: this is the elongation that is caused by the doubled letter
after a saakin letter. It is 6 counts, it is divided into two:
i. المد الالزم الكلمى المثقل: this is done by presence of doubled letter
after a Madd letter. e.g. الطامة, الضالين,يتماسا
التجويد للمعهد بن عباس
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ii. المد الالزم الكلمى المخفف: this is the Madd that comes before a
saakin letter. It is only in two places (Yunus 51 and 91). e.g.
( ءالئن6 count).
المد الالزم الحرفى: it falls on eight letters that begin chapters of the
Qur’an. They are coded as “”نقص عسلكم. This is of two types:
(i) المد الالزم المثقل الحرفى: this elongation has 5 or 6 counts. e.g. لم,
سم
(ii) المد الالزم المخفف الحرفى: ل = الر, ) كهيعص ( ك ع ص
The spelt letters revealed in the Qur’an are 14 coded as
()طرق سمعك النصيحة. The spelt letters are divided into three parts:
A part has no elongation which is Alif
A part has elongation of 2 counts ()
A part has elongation of 6 counts ()
Assignment
List the verses of the Qur’an that contain the 14 spelt letters.
مخارج الحروف
POINT OF ARTICULATION OF LETTERS
The points of articulation are seven but condensed into 5 points namely:
1. ( الجوفTrachea)
2. ( الحلقThroat)
3. ( اللسانTongue)
4. ( لشفتاناTwo Lips)
5. ( الخيشومNostril)
This three letters produced by the Trachea are called: المديةor الجوفية
االدغام و اقسامه
Al-IDHGAM AND ITS TYPES
Idhgam is to assimilate the secnd letter with the first letter by which they will
become a doubled letter (harf mushaddadah). Idhgam has two types:
These two types of Idhgam are also divided into three parts:
1. تand ط د ت
2. دand ت د
3. طand ت
4. ثand ذ
5. ذand ظ
6. بand م Baqarah V. 256
7. لand ر
صفات الحروف
QUALITIES OF THE LETTERS
There are two qualities of letters namely:
a. الصفات المتضادة: these are ten qualities but are coded as five, they are
qualities that when found in a letter, it is forbidden to use the opposite
qualities. That is a letter must be described by one of the two
qualities.
i. الهمسand الجهر
ii. الشدةand الرخاوة
iii. االستعالءand االستقال
iv. االطباقand االنفتاح
v. االذالقand االصمات
ia. الهمس: it is to allow the breath to flow when pronouncing. Its letters are
ten: فحثه شخص سكت
ib. الجهر: it is to hold up the breath when pronouncing. Its letters are
nineteen, they are the rest of the alphabet.
iia. الشدة: it is to hold up the voice when pronouncing, its letters are eight
and coded as: أجدز قط بكت
(1) التفخيم: this is an audible sound put on the letter as an added quality.
The letters of tafkheem ( )االحرف المفخمةare divided into two:
i. Letters with permanent tafkheem, these letters are called أحرف
االستعالء, they are seven خص ضغط قظ
التجويد للمعهد بن عباس
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The raa should be at the end of the word متطرفةor at the middle of the
word غير متطرفةor at the beginning.
الهمزة
There are two types of Hamzah:
الوقف
STOPPING
Al-waqf is the stopping made on a word with the intention of continuing
the reading after a breadth. It is divided into two:
المقطوع و الموصول
الموصمل: this is when the two are written together, the stopping is
compulsorily made on the second. e.g. و ان- والو, وان ما- و اما, و من ما-و مما
( لو16 /)سورة الجن.
المقطوع: this is when the words are written separately, the stopping is
made on the first or the second word as it is necessary. e.g. ان ال, ان ما,كى ال
(61 /الواقعة, 150/)األعراف.