ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Experiment No. 1

ME Electives 2 (Industrial Robot)

Hydraulics

Name:

CN 13, Prado, Mon Patrick M

Student Number:

201311683

Section/Schedule:

Lecture

57016 / MWF / 11:00-12:00

(Friday group)

Date of Submission:
November, 24 2017

Instructor:
Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista
I. Objectives
 Familiarization of the basic components of Hydraulics System and its
function.
 Familiarization of the components or equipment of a circuit diagram
 Design and draw a circuit diagram for a dump truck system.

II. Introduction

In actual hydraulic systems, pumps contain many pistons or other

types of pumping chambers. They are driven by a prime mover (usually an
electric motor, diesel engine, or gas engine) that rotates at several hundred
revolutions per minute (rpm). Every rotation causes all of the pump’s pistons
to extend and retract — drawing fluid in and pushing it out to the hydraulic
circuit in the process. Hydraulic systems typically operate at fluid pressures
of thousands of psi. The operator can raise the body of a dump truck by
pushing a lever which extends a hydraulic cylinder. When the lever is
returned to its position, the cylinder automatically retracts under the weight
of the body.

A dump truck works by using hydraulic pistons that lift the dump box
at a steep angle, allowing whatever is in the dump box to fall into whatever
pile the dump truck designates. Another type of dump truck uses a panel
held in place by hydraulic cylinders in the dump box. The cylinders push the
panel to the back of the dump box, forcing the contents of the box through
a tailgate.

Many trucks use hydraulics over pneumatics, while their internal

combustion engines are either gasoline or diesel powered. The engine
powers the dumping mechanism, while a power take-off tethered to the
transmission powers the hydraulics. In order for the dumping mechanism to
work, the truck must be running. There are several safety measures
implemented in the operation of the truck, including the requirement that the
transmission is in neutral before the power take-off engages. A lift dumping
mechanism is the most popular mechanism for dump trucks.
III. Application

The operator can raise the body of a dump truck by pushing a lever
which extends a hydraulic cylinder. When the lever is returned to its
position, the cylinder automatically retracts under the weight of the body.
IV. Circuit diagram

V. Components and functions

VI. Functions
  Double Acting Cylinder – a cylinder that has a two way to move the piston

outside the cylinder and return it inside the cylinder.

 4/2 Way Hand Lever Valve – a lever switch where it has a two outlet that

can be opened by tilting the lever, and the outlet is closed when the lever is

in neutral position.

 Shut Off Valve – a valve where the oil flows; it has a switch where it can be

off.

 Pressure Gauge – an instrument to measure the pressure of the system.

 Pressure Relief Valve – it protects the pump by regulating the pressure of

the medium coming to the system.

 Hydraulic Power Pack – it is the over all power system of the hydraulics; it

has a motor, pump, gauge, switch and etc.

VII. Procedure

1.) Lay out the different sizes of hose to be use in the experiment. And even

prepare the pressure release key in case needed

2.) Set up the components based on the circuit diagram. Familiarization of

the components must be applied

3.) Make sure the hose of the pneumatic circuits is snog and tight for safety

purposes.

4.) Released and discharge of fluid must observe to prevent overloading.

5.) Then observe the double acting cylinder specially its movement.

VIII. EXPERIMENT PICTURE AND ILLUSTRATIO

 Double Acting Cylinder
Pressure Gauge

Hydraulic Power Pack

4/2 Way Hand

Lever Valve Shut Off Valve
Pressure Relief
Valve

IX. Evaluation
 In this experiment, our group create a simple circuit of hydraulics

using a 4/2-way hand lever valve. A hydraulic is powered by a motor pump

to deliver the oil in the system in order to work. Each hose is connected to

the certain terminal of the component with different types of length, and it

must be properly connected to avoid the leakage of the oil. It’s a little bit

hard to connect the hose due to the pressure of oil remains inside there is

a proper way or technique in plugging and unplugging the hose by pulling

at the main tip of the hose where there is a brace need to be slide in order

to connect the hose. The pressure relief valve regulates and control the flow

of the oil in the system, to avoid the continuous flow of oil that may subjected

to a high pressure in the system. The 4/2 way hand lever valve is a switch

that operates the double acting cylinder. Once you tilt the lever to the

side(A) the piston moves extendedly. Once you tilt the lever to the neutral

position, oil supply stops. Once you tilt the lever to the side(B) the piston

returns. As we observed, the pressure gauge reach a high pressure when

the piston reached its maximum position.

X. Conclusion

Therefore, I conclude that a dump truck operate by a Hydraulic

system or they call it as boom of the truck which make the body of the truck

lifted which I observe from trucks it is operated with a certain gas pedal to

operate the hydraulic system of a truck. It is operated by a hand lever valve

where once you tilt the piston cylinder extracts to its extension and the
 piston will retracts automatically when you returned the lever to its position.

I also concluded that once the piston reaches it maximum extraction, the

system subjected to a high pressure due to continuous flow of oil in the

cylinder. The pressure relief valve helps to regulate the flow of oil to avoid

a subjected high pressure by letting the oil returns to the tank.

XI. Reference

https://www.reference.com/business-finance/dump-truck-

work;http://www.nfpa.com/fluidpower/whatishydraulics.aspx