Household income inequality trends, most populous city in 100 largest U.S.

metropolitan areas, 2014-16

Household Income, 2016 (2016$) Household Income, 2014 (2016$)

20th 95th 20th 95th
percentile percentile Ratio percentile percentile

Akron, Ohio 15,710 131,487 8.4 14,604 123,023

Albany, N.Y. 14,886 172,404 11.6 14,866 169,040
Albuquerque, N.M. 20,208 189,916 9.4 18,414 182,597
Allentown, Pa. 16,183 118,140 7.3 14,869 134,483
Atlanta, Ga. 16,927 306,307 18.1 16,279 285,540
Augusta-Richmond County, Ga. 15,496 137,701 8.9 13,308 138,215
Austin, Texas 29,502 292,201 9.9 24,585 227,903
Bakersfield, Calif. 24,183 197,160 8.2 23,443 192,784
Baltimore, Md. 16,040 204,678 12.8 15,061 173,027
Baton Rouge, La. 14,218 202,385 14.2 14,787 189,643
Birmingham, Ala. 13,465 135,822 10.1 12,036 115,846
Boise City, Idaho 23,261 210,693 9.1 21,921 233,834
Boston, Mass. 17,734 261,973 14.8 15,148 269,898
Bridgeport, Conn. 16,097 169,686 10.5 15,218 158,670
Buffalo, N.Y. 11,832 158,362 13.4 11,684 137,277
Cape Coral, Fla. 24,864 179,757 7.2 23,824 167,991
Charleston, S.C. 18,751 249,971 13.3 21,702 212,285
Charlotte, N.C. 26,669 236,485 8.9 22,580 233,238
Chattanooga, Tenn. 17,404 159,535 9.2 15,276 156,121
Chicago, Ill. 19,048 231,116 12.1 17,718 211,431
Cincinnati, Ohio 13,738 182,181 13.3 10,598 166,679
Cleveland, Ohio 9,625 116,744 12.1 9,724 113,000
Colorado Springs, Colo. 25,000 192,441 7.7 23,849 192,881
Columbia, S.C. 18,158 197,453 10.9 14,242 180,978
Columbus, Ohio 20,454 156,833 7.7 18,706 151,579
Dallas, Texas 21,312 235,120 11.0 18,372 223,268
Dayton, Ohio 11,199 119,290 10.7 10,386 106,636
Deltona, Fla. 25,380 113,815 4.5 19,962 109,798
Denver, Colo. 24,182 276,281 11.4 22,460 237,676
Des Moines, Iowa 21,495 165,106 7.7 20,340 145,060
Detroit, Mich. 9,852 115,824 11.8 9,650 104,976
El Paso, Texas 16,883 153,375 9.1 17,356 154,796
Fresno, Calif. 16,700 181,767 10.9 15,485 164,524
Grand Rapids, Mich. 18,972 150,424 7.9 15,971 136,798
Greensboro, N.C. 17,137 190,334 11.1 18,115 166,537
Hartford, Conn. 12,423 135,161 10.9 11,168 127,893
Houston, Texas 20,219 234,742 11.6 19,377 224,736
Indianapolis, Ind. 19,598 172,135 8.8 17,585 155,187
Jackson, Miss. 17,496 151,387 8.7 13,026 143,292
Jacksonville, Fla. 22,522 170,019 7.5 19,008 160,622
Kansas City, Mo. 21,096 179,579 8.5 17,664 169,481
Knoxville, Tenn. 15,485 138,023 8.9 12,906 144,465
Lakeland, Fla. 20,425 166,849 8.2 16,299 148,912
Las Vegas, Nev. 22,112 180,963 8.2 22,088 174,417
Little Rock, Ark. 19,563 240,384 12.3 20,322 199,643
Los Angeles, Calif. 20,152 258,144 12.8 19,488 244,289
Louisville/Jefferson County, Ky. 21,322 182,454 8.6 18,022 183,066
Madison, Wisc. 26,383 206,109 7.8 22,068 187,881
McAllen, Texas 17,222 172,480 10.0 15,744 166,261
Memphis, Tenn. 15,320 162,902 10.6 14,576 151,500
Miami, Fla. 12,311 200,530 16.3 12,431 186,785
Milwaukee, Wisc. 13,958 139,553 10.0 14,757 133,112
Minneapolis, Minn. 19,829 222,240 11.2 17,864 209,276
Nashville-Davidson, Tenn. 24,954 200,174 8.0 20,708 178,513
New Haven, Conn. 15,398 168,491 10.9 12,463 190,578
New Orleans, La. 12,373 203,254 16.4 11,624 206,190
New York, N.Y. 19,144 282,125 14.7 17,935 253,054
Ogden, Utah 18,427 157,550 8.5 16,428 131,856
Oklahoma City, Okla. 22,456 198,232 8.8 21,549 192,086
Omaha, Neb. 22,826 202,123 8.9 21,482 168,753
Orlando, Fla. 20,051 177,393 8.8 17,534 162,843
Oxnard, Calif. 31,780 198,494 6.2 30,135 188,597
Palm Bay, Fla. 21,823 141,114 6.5 22,313 144,124
Philadelphia, Pa. 14,185 174,127 12.3 13,897 164,235
Phoenix, Ariz. 22,177 200,053 9.0 20,185 188,060
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15,827 181,433 11.5 14,960 172,037
Portland, Ore. 25,113 247,701 9.9 20,482 219,258
Providence, R.I. 12,118 202,021 16.7 12,972 199,406
Provo, Utah 20,490 183,948 9.0 20,823 161,891
Raleigh, N.C. 30,833 246,055 8.0 23,636 211,358
Richmond, Va. 15,223 197,041 12.9 16,535 201,591
Riverside, Calif. 25,876 198,549 7.7 25,006 181,393
Rochester, N.Y. 10,699 131,994 12.3 12,510 121,898
Sacramento, Calif. 22,129 195,061 8.8 18,757 184,379
Salt Lake City, Utah 23,449 213,734 9.1 19,594 220,821
San Antonio, Texas 21,195 177,060 8.4 19,196 170,327
San Diego, Calif. 30,228 267,615 8.9 27,681 246,914
San Francisco, Calif. 31,840 507,824 15.9 26,730 388,491
San Jose, Calif. 38,087 347,618 9.1 36,618 296,479
Scranton, Pa. 14,385 144,427 10.0 14,199 127,685
Seattle, Wash. 30,429 334,519 11.0 26,801 270,921
Spokane, Wash. 18,716 175,358 9.4 17,357 151,432
Springfield, Mass. 14,709 141,032 9.6 12,206 138,805
St. Louis, Mo. 14,690 181,227 12.3 11,815 147,665
Stockton, Calif. 19,864 188,202 9.5 16,814 170,967
Syracuse, N.Y. 11,689 142,018 12.1 11,531 130,376
Tampa, Fla. 19,144 251,897 13.2 17,583 214,833
Toledo, Ohio 13,697 123,866 9.0 13,416 123,134
Tucson, Ariz. 15,688 142,700 9.1 15,280 130,489
Tulsa, Okla. 18,146 188,946 10.4 18,906 183,415
Honolulu, Hawaii 25,825 239,814 9.3 26,848 214,079
Virginia Beach, Va. 35,699 211,324 5.9 34,227 206,573
Washington, D.C. 20,152 352,958 17.5 21,523 325,105
Wichita, Kan. 21,066 179,760 8.5 19,603 161,994
Winston-Salem, N.C. 16,941 194,162 11.5 16,957 159,698
Worcester, Mass. 16,561 185,698 11.2 15,803 163,024
Youngstown, Ohio 10,883 105,239 9.7 10,018 95,466

Source: Brookings analysis of 2014 and 2016 American Community Survey data
* denotes change is statistically significant at 90% confidence interval
The cities of Greenville, S.C., Harrisburg, Pa., and North Port, Fla. are not included because their populations were too small to b
reas, 2014-16

ncome, 2014 (2016$) Change, 2014-16

20th 95th
Ratio percentile percentile Ratio

8.4 1,106 8,464 -0.1

11.4 20 3,364 0.2
9.9 1,794 * 7,319 -0.5
9.0 1,314 -16,343 -1.7
17.5 649 20,767 0.6
10.4 2,188 -514 -1.5
9.3 4,918 * 64,297 * 0.6
8.2 740 4,376 -0.1
11.5 979 31,651 * 1.3 *
12.8 -569 12,742 1.4
9.6 1,429 19,976 0.5
10.7 1,340 -23,141 -1.6
17.8 2,585 * -7,925 -3.0
10.4 879 11,016 0.1
11.7 148 21,085 * 1.6
7.1 1,040 11,766 0.2
9.8 -2,951 37,686 3.5
10.3 4,089 * 3,247 -1.5 *
10.2 2,128 3,414 -1.1
11.9 1,330 * 19,685 * 0.2
15.7 3,140 * 15,502 -2.5
11.6 -99 3,744 0.5
8.1 1,151 -440 -0.4
12.7 3,916 * 16,475 -1.8
8.1 1,748 * 5,254 -0.4
12.2 2,940 * 11,852 -1.1 *
10.3 813 12,654 0.4
5.5 5,418 * 4,017 -1.0
10.6 1,722 38,605 * 0.8
7.1 1,155 20,046 * 0.5
10.9 202 10,848 * 0.9 *
8.9 -473 -1,421 0.2
10.6 1,215 17,243 0.3
8.6 3,001 * 13,626 -0.6
9.2 -978 23,797 1.9
11.5 1,255 7,268 -0.6
11.6 842 10,006 * 0.0
8.8 2,013 * 16,948 * 0.0
11.0 4,470 * 8,095 -2.3 *
 8.5 3,514 * 9,397 * -0.9 *
9.6 3,432 * 10,098 -1.1 *
11.2 2,579 * -6,442 -2.3 *
9.1 4,126 * 17,937 -1.0
7.9 24 6,546 0.3
9.8 -759 40,741 2.5
12.5 663 * 13,856 * 0.3
10.2 3,300 * -612 -1.6 *
8.5 4,315 * 18,228 * -0.7
10.6 1,478 6,219 -0.5
10.4 744 11,402 0.2
15.0 -120 13,745 1.3
9.0 -799 6,441 1.0
11.7 1,965 12,964 -0.5
8.6 4,246 * 21,661 * -0.6
15.3 2,935 -22,087 -4.3
17.7 749 -2,936 -1.3
14.1 1,209 * 29,071 * 0.6
8.0 1,999 25,694 0.5
8.9 907 6,146 -0.1
7.9 1,344 33,370 * 1.0 *
9.3 2,517 14,550 -0.4
6.3 1,645 9,897 0.0
6.5 -490 -3,010 0.0
11.8 288 9,892 * 0.5
9.3 1,992 * 11,993 * -0.3
11.5 867 9,396 0.0
10.7 4,631 * 28,443 * -0.8
15.4 -854 2,615 1.3
7.8 -333 22,057 1.2
8.9 7,197 * 34,697 * -1.0
12.2 -1,312 -4,550 0.8
7.3 870 17,156 0.4
9.7 -1,811 * 10,096 2.6 *
9.8 3,372 * 10,682 -1.0
11.3 3,855 * -7,087 -2.2 *
8.9 1,999 * 6,733 -0.5
8.9 2,547 * 20,701 * -0.1
14.5 5,110 * 119,334 * 1.4
8.1 1,468 51,139 * 1.0
9.0 186 16,742 1.0
10.1 3,628 * 63,598 * 0.9
8.7 1,359 23,926 * 0.6
11.4 2,503 * 2,227 -1.8
12.5 2,875 * 33,562 * -0.2
 10.2 3,050 * 17,235 -0.7
11.3 158 11,642 0.8
12.2 1,561 37,064 0.9
9.2 281 732 -0.1
8.5 408 12,211 * 0.6
9.7 -760 5,531 0.7
8.0 -1,023 25,735 * 1.3
6.0 1,472 4,751 -0.1
15.1 -1,371 27,853 * 2.4 *
8.3 1,463 17,766 * 0.3
9.4 -16 34,464 * 2.0
10.3 758 22,674 0.9
9.5 865 9,773 0.1

ulations were too small to be reported in one-year ACS estimates

Household income inequality trends, 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, 2014-16

Household Income, 2016 (2016$) Household Income, 2014 (2016$) Change, 2014-16
20th 95th 20th 95th 20th 95th
percentile percentile Ratio percentile percentile Ratio percentile percentile Ratio

Akron, OH 21,522 185,176 8.6 21,569 179,894 8.3 -47 5,282 0.3
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 26,984 217,349 8.1 27,193 194,139 7.1 -209 23,210 * 0.9 *
Albuquerque, NM 20,620 188,571 9.1 19,269 181,132 9.4 1,351 7,439 -0.3
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 27,703 207,136 7.5 26,147 199,736 7.6 1,556 7,400 -0.2
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 26,684 234,699 8.8 24,744 216,758 8.8 1,940 * 17,941 * 0.0
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 20,003 161,541 8.1 19,077 159,866 8.4 926 1,675 -0.3
Austin-Round Rock, TX 31,235 269,832 8.6 26,991 228,510 8.5 4,244 * 41,322 * 0.2
Bakersfield, CA 20,910 177,738 8.5 20,470 174,956 8.5 440 2,782 0.0
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 30,228 257,237 8.5 29,616 238,039 8.0 611 19,198 * 0.5 *
Baton Rouge, LA 21,193 201,783 9.5 20,529 184,338 9.0 664 17,445 * 0.5
Birmingham-Hoover, AL 21,010 190,607 9.1 19,289 175,981 9.1 1,721 * 14,626 * -0.1
Boise City, ID 24,162 179,149 7.4 23,335 190,398 8.2 827 -11,249 -0.7
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 30,328 302,276 10.0 28,268 297,706 10.5 2,061 * 4,570 -0.6 *
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 34,258 485,657 14.2 31,765 566,684 17.8 2,493 * -81,027 -3.7
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 21,136 184,777 8.7 20,720 169,653 8.2 416 15,124 * 0.6 *
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 24,360 193,214 7.9 22,106 177,310 8.0 2,254 * 15,904 -0.1
Charleston-North Charleston, SC 24,018 210,376 8.8 22,712 198,152 8.7 1,306 12,224 0.0
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 26,125 217,811 8.3 23,055 206,698 9.0 3,070 * 11,113 * -0.6 *
Chattanooga, TN-GA 20,474 182,214 8.9 19,391 162,423 8.4 1,083 19,791 * 0.5
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 25,921 245,949 9.5 25,145 230,879 9.2 776 * 15,070 * 0.3 *
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 24,523 211,187 8.6 22,310 199,916 9.0 2,213 * 11,271 * -0.3
Cleveland-Elyria, OH 21,064 197,454 9.4 19,845 184,022 9.3 1,219 * 13,432 * 0.1
Colorado Springs, CO 28,154 201,009 7.1 26,099 195,954 7.5 2,055 * 5,055 -0.4
Columbia, SC 22,249 180,630 8.1 21,674 166,766 7.7 575 13,864 * 0.4
Columbus, OH 25,638 209,864 8.2 23,725 202,067 8.5 1,913 * 7,797 -0.3
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 28,601 234,781 8.2 25,748 225,553 8.8 2,853 * 9,228 * -0.6 *
Dayton, OH 20,684 176,600 8.5 19,257 168,990 8.8 1,427 * 7,610 -0.2
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 20,699 153,916 7.4 19,988 144,834 7.2 711 9,082 0.2
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 32,243 264,996 8.2 29,935 234,545 7.8 2,308 * 30,451 * 0.4
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 29,734 213,480 7.2 28,524 207,605 7.3 1,210 5,875 -0.1
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 22,298 209,570 9.4 21,424 195,293 9.1 874 * 14,277 * 0.3
El Paso, TX 17,110 147,402 8.6 17,213 151,647 8.8 -103 -4,245 -0.2
Fresno, CA 18,524 187,121 10.1 18,067 173,952 9.6 457 13,169 * 0.5
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 26,728 183,957 6.9 24,820 174,759 7.0 1,908 * 9,198 * -0.2
Greensboro-High Point, NC 19,529 172,896 8.9 19,475 162,126 8.3 54 10,770 * 0.5
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC 21,775 181,405 8.3 19,643 164,316 8.4 2,132 * 17,089 * 0.0
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 28,410 197,249 6.9 25,995 184,797 7.1 2,415 * 12,452 -0.2
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 29,321 256,078 8.7 27,312 244,984 9.0 2,009 * 11,094 -0.2
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 25,190 257,237 10.2 25,100 244,033 9.7 90 13,204 * 0.5 *
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN 24,438 201,356 8.2 22,754 186,300 8.2 1,684 * 15,056 * 0.1
Jackson, MS 21,272 185,411 8.7 18,647 175,822 9.4 2,625 * 9,589 -0.7
Jacksonville, FL 25,825 201,106 7.8 23,067 186,847 8.1 2,758 * 14,259 * -0.3
Kansas City, MO-KS 27,415 210,160 7.7 24,624 199,657 8.1 2,791 * 10,503 * -0.4 *
Knoxville, TN 21,163 175,423 8.3 18,651 171,026 9.2 2,512 * 4,397 -0.9 *
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 20,959 151,930 7.2 19,544 140,813 7.2 1,415 * 11,117 * 0.0
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 24,088 181,804 7.5 23,369 168,739 7.2 719 13,065 * 0.3
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 21,503 180,737 8.4 21,838 164,154 7.5 -335 16,583 * 0.9 *
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 25,190 271,041 10.8 24,071 247,135 10.3 1,119 * 23,906 * 0.5 *
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN 24,455 193,520 7.9 21,134 184,482 8.7 3,321 * 9,038 -0.8 *
Madison, WI 30,524 216,362 7.1 27,330 200,965 7.4 3,194 * 15,397 * -0.3
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 14,656 145,646 9.9 12,936 138,455 10.7 1,720 * 7,191 -0.8
Memphis, TN-MS-AR 19,192 182,423 9.5 18,603 180,244 9.7 589 2,179 -0.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 21,198 221,668 10.5 20,048 205,255 10.2 1,150 * 16,413 * 0.2
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 22,637 212,346 9.4 21,894 196,180 9.0 743 16,166 * 0.4
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 31,969 241,306 7.5 30,558 236,308 7.7 1,411 * 4,998 -0.2
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 27,172 211,360 7.8 23,679 197,223 8.3 3,493 * 14,137 * -0.6
New Haven-Milford, CT 26,169 228,440 8.7 22,965 224,720 9.8 3,204 * 3,720 -1.1 *
New Orleans-Metairie, LA 18,644 197,190 10.6 18,424 199,372 10.8 220 -2,182 -0.2
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 25,391 304,292 12.0 24,182 286,256 11.8 1,209 * 18,036 * 0.1
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 25,150 211,076 8.4 22,891 196,457 8.6 2,259 * 14,619 -0.2
Ogden-Clearfield, UT 35,545 184,908 5.2 31,856 177,409 5.6 3,689 * 7,499 -0.4
Oklahoma City, OK 23,150 196,579 8.5 23,240 191,389 8.2 -90 5,190 0.3
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 27,789 204,550 7.4 26,321 181,680 6.9 1,468 22,870 * 0.5
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 23,845 190,932 8.0 21,804 183,379 8.4 2,041 * 7,553 -0.4
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 32,747 265,197 8.1 32,766 273,681 8.4 -19 -8,484 -0.3
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 22,052 192,061 8.7 21,235 174,080 8.2 817 17,981 * 0.5
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 25,571 246,971 9.7 24,596 233,491 9.5 975 * 13,480 * 0.2
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 25,676 210,270 8.2 23,216 197,367 8.5 2,460 * 12,903 * -0.3
Pittsburgh, PA 22,973 199,782 8.7 21,412 190,074 8.9 1,561 * 9,708 * -0.2
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 30,297 231,306 7.6 26,111 204,973 7.8 4,186 * 26,333 * -0.2
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 22,981 211,785 9.2 21,535 207,287 9.6 1,446 * 4,498 -0.4
Provo-Orem, UT 31,575 204,456 6.5 30,918 183,307 5.9 657 21,149 * 0.5 *
Raleigh, NC 31,873 245,992 7.7 27,241 222,250 8.2 4,632 * 23,742 * -0.4
Richmond, VA 27,601 218,142 7.9 26,912 210,866 7.8 689 7,276 0.1
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 24,267 195,269 8.0 22,606 186,068 8.2 1,661 * 9,201 * -0.2
Rochester, NY 23,364 185,457 7.9 22,419 174,023 7.8 945 11,434 * 0.2
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 26,571 231,152 8.7 24,176 213,941 8.8 2,395 * 17,211 * -0.1
St. Louis, MO-IL 25,987 210,095 8.1 23,939 197,010 8.2 2,048 * 13,085 * -0.1
Salt Lake City, UT 32,545 212,946 6.5 29,499 209,627 7.1 3,046 * 3,319 -0.6 *
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 24,408 201,882 8.3 22,239 190,806 8.6 2,169 * 11,076 * -0.3
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 30,228 253,005 8.4 27,585 239,519 8.7 2,643 * 13,487 * -0.3
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 36,273 397,594 11.0 32,199 358,362 11.1 4,074 * 39,233 * -0.2
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 40,807 428,729 10.5 39,081 368,043 9.4 1,726 60,685 * 1.1 *
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 19,559 168,199 8.6 18,990 155,786 8.2 569 12,413 * 0.4
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 34,258 272,049 7.9 30,969 240,532 7.8 3,289 * 31,516 * 0.2
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 23,357 181,918 7.8 21,024 164,094 7.8 2,333 * 17,824 * 0.0
Springfield, MA 21,830 188,808 8.6 19,440 187,457 9.6 2,390 * 1,351 -1.0
Stockton-Lodi, CA 24,433 205,311 8.4 21,008 188,982 9.0 3,425 * 16,329 * -0.6
Syracuse, NY 22,199 183,561 8.3 21,868 179,918 8.2 331 3,643 0.0
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 22,002 189,853 8.6 20,841 177,412 8.5 1,161 * 12,441 * 0.1
Toledo, OH 19,136 176,437 9.2 18,330 167,985 9.2 806 8,452 0.1
Tucson, AZ 19,876 176,729 8.9 19,776 172,231 8.7 100 4,498 0.2
Tulsa, OK 21,913 186,759 8.5 22,237 176,323 7.9 -324 10,436 * 0.6 *
Urban Honolulu, HI 36,273 281,923 7.8 34,108 217,624 6.4 2,165 64,300 * 1.4 *
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 27,382 201,524 7.4 25,869 186,908 7.2 1,513 * 14,616 * 0.1
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 40,304 320,211 7.9 40,641 311,814 7.7 -338 8,397 * 0.3 *
Wichita, KS 23,312 177,733 7.6 22,921 174,803 7.6 391 2,930 0.0
Winston-Salem, NC 20,582 172,255 8.4 19,388 153,912 7.9 1,194 18,343 * 0.4
Worcester, MA-CT 26,959 233,716 8.7 25,806 216,293 8.4 1,153 17,423 * 0.3
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 19,374 148,234 7.7 18,301 141,130 7.7 1,073 7,104 -0.1

Source: Brookings analysis of 2014 and 2016 American Community Survey data
* denotes change is statistically significant at 90% confidence interval