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2nd Trimester Protocol r16
2nd Trimester Protocol r16
Protocol
Protocol will vary with patient age and fetal position
The goal of the exam is to image each structure in the protocol
The protocol is divided up into sections
It is highly recommended that you complete each image in the applicable section before moving to
the next section when possible.
Placenta Comp Images- Heart Rate, Uterine Cervix, Ovaries, Adnexa, Placenta, and Fluid
Fetal Measurements
Structure/ Scan Label
Order Plane Landmarks Identified
Cavum septum pellucidum, IHF, Thalami and Parietal
bones
Fetal BPD Measurement technique
Measurements Place calipers on the outside of the closet parietal
bone to the inside of the farthest parietal bone
Cavum septum pellucidum, IHF, Thalami and Parietal
bones
Measurement technique
HC o Place calipers outside to outside of the parietal
bones
o Open the calipers with an ellipse that surrounds
the fetal skull
IHF, Cerebral Peduncles, Cerebellum, Cisterna
Magna, and Nuchal Fold
Trans
CEREBELLUM Measurement technique
Axial
o Place calipers on the outside of the lateral wall to
the outside of the opposite lateral wall
IHF, Cerebral Peduncles, Cerebellum, Cisterna
Magna, and Nuchal Fold
CISTERNA Measurement technique
MAGNA o Place calipers at the level of the mid posterior
wall of the cerebellum to the inside of occipital
bone
IHF, Cerebral Peduncles, Cerebellum, Cisterna
Magna, and Nuchal Fold
Measurement technique
NUCHAL FOLD
o Place calipers at the level of the mid posterior
wall of the cerebellum from the outside of
occiptal bone to outside skin line
Umbilical vein/portal vein junction
3 points of the spine
Symmetrical ribs
Abdomen Measurement technique
AC
TX o Place calipers on outside of skin line directly
behind spine and in front of abdomen.
o Open calipers to form an ellipse around
abdomen including the skin line
Femur bone with distal or end shadowing
Measurement technique
Long
FL o Place calipers from end to end on the femur -
Bone
Do not include epiphysis point
o Calipers should dissect the middle of the bone
Humerus bone with distal or end shadowing
Measurement technique
Long o Place calipers from end to end on the
HL
Bone humerus-Do not include epiphysis point
o Calipers should dissect the middle of the bone
IHF
VENTRICLES Ventricle
(indicate Measurement Technique
RT & LT) o Posterior ventricle
o Measure internally lateral to medial at glomus
LENS Orbits
Echogenic lens (can be in transaxial plane)
Stomach
STOMACH
Stomach Transverse Transverse spine
Transverse spine
Right kidney
Transverse KIDNEYS
Left kidney
Iliac wings
Bladder/ Bladder
Transverse 3VC
Cord Color Doppler around bladder
Iliac wings
Bladder Transverse BLADDER Bladder
GENDER Male
o Scrotum and penis
Gender Transverse (identify Female
male or o Labia
female)
LT FOOT Foot
Coronal
Toes
Fetal Heart
Fetal heart images will vary from site to site. All students are responsible for completing a sweep
through the heart to determine situs, connection and recognize views
Left ventricle
Left Ventricular Long Axis
Aortic valve
Outflow Tract Transverse LVOT
Aortic root
fetal chest
Proximal aorta
Sagittal Fetal 3 branches-innominate, left common carotid artery
Aortic Arch
Chest AA & left subclavian
Thoracic aorta
RT ventricle
Right Pulmonary valve
Short Axis
Ventricular RVOT RT pulmonary artery
Transverse
Outflow Tract SHORT LT pulmonary artery
Fetal Chest
Aorta
Aortic valve
Ductus Pulmonary trunk
Sagittal Fetal DA
Arteriosus Arch Ductus arteriosus
Chest
Thoracic aorta
AO
Transverse 3 VESSEL
3 Vessel View SVC
Fetal Chest VIEW
DA
Measurement Ranges
Cerebellum Posterior Fossa Sagittal Equal to Move caudal from BPD. Head
of the Brain gestational age must be symmetrical
Lateral Ventricles Amount of Coronal Less than 10 mm Superior to BPD at the level of
cerebrospinal the ventricles
fluid in ventricle Measure at atrium or the
thickest portion of the choroid
plexus (CHP) or glomus
Laboratory Values
Qualitative hCG-urine pregnancy test, results positive or negative
Quantitative hCG- blood pregnancy test, results indicate possible age of pregnancy
Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)-blood test for detection of certain abnormalities at 15-20 weeks
High indicates open neural tube defect
Low indicates Down syndrome
Abnormal in cases of wrong dates, fetal demise or twins
Triple Screen or Quad Screen-combination of blood test including AFP, unconjugated estriol (uE3), hCG, and
Inhibin A (Quad screen)
Used to detect chromosome abnormalities
Pathology
Gray scale sagittal and transverse images including images with 3 measurements (length, width and height)
Color Doppler image document the presence of blood flow
Spectral Doppler image document type and velocity of blood flow