The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil

Systems. II
D. M. Burmister

Citation: J. Appl. Phys. 16, 126 (1945); doi: 10.1063/1.1707562

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 Contributed Original Researeh
The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil Systems. II
D. M. BURMISTER*
Department of Civil Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
(Received August 24, 1944)

The equations of stresses and displacements in a two-layer system are derived .n this paper
for Case 2 with a frictionless interface between the two layers.

INTRODUCTION (b) Continuity Conditions at the Interfac~

NDER certain conditions with repeated
U heavy concentrations of airplane wheel
loadings, experience seems to indicate that the
Normal stress, Uz1=U.2.
[Alm 2+Blm2--:- Cl m(1-2,",1) +D l m(1- 2u l)]
(20a)

continuity of shearing stress between the pave- = [B2m2+ D2m(1- 2,",2)].

ment layer and the subgrade of an airport run-
way may be partially or almost completely Settlement Wl=W2. (20b)
broken down and lost. The general equations for
stresses and displacements are derived for a l+JLl
--[Alm2-Blm2-Clm2(1-2,",1)
frictionless interface for the analysis of such El
problems. The assumptions and boundary con- -Dlm2(1-2JLl)]
ditions for layered systems were given in the
previous paper on layered soil systems. Starting 1 +JL2
with Eqs. (6) and (7) of the former paper for the = - - [ -B 2m 2-D 2m2(1-2,",2)].
E2
stresses and displacements in the two-layer
system, the equations are derived for Case 2 Shearing stress (20e)
with a frictionless interface.
Trzl=O= [A 1m2-B1m2+ Cl m2,",I+D l m2,",1],
1. BOUNDARY AND CONTINUITY CONDITIONS,
T r .2=0= [-B 2m 2+D 2m2,",2] .
. . CASE 2. FRICTIONLESS INTERFACE

(a) Boundary Conditions at the Surface (c) Discontinuities at the Interface

of the Ground, z = -h Radial stress
(21)
Distribution of surface loading, Horizontal displacement Ul~U2.
u.= -mJo(mr). (19a)
2. TWO-LAYER SYSTEM. EQUATIONS OF
- mJo( mr) [A Im2rmh +B Im 2emh STRESS AND DISPLACEMENT
-clm(1-2,",I+mh)r mh The coefficients AI, B I , Cl , and DI were
evaluated to satisfy the boundary and continuity
+D lm(1-2,",I-mh)emh ]= -mJo(mr). conditions for a frictionless interface, as follows:
Shearing stress at surface, Tr.=O. (19b)
A1m= [Cl (F-2,",1) -DI(l- F)], (22a)
mJI (mr) [A Im2rmh - B Im 2emh
B1m= [C1F-D I (1-2JLI- F)], (22b)
+Cl m(2,",I-mh)rmh
C 1m = [(1- 2111- F)e mh +(2111 +mh)emh
+D lm(2,",I+mh)emh ] =0.
1
* Publication
assisted by the Ernest Kempton Adams - (1- F)e- mh ] - , (22c)
Fund for Physical Research of Columbia University. A

126 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

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 ties of the two layers are:

(22d) (22f)

where the common denominator Substituting these values of the coefficients

A I, B I, Cl, and DI into Eqs. (6) (previous paper)
~ = [Fe2mh + (2F -1)2mh
for layer No.1, and simplifying, the general
-(1+2mW)+(1-F)e-2mh ], (22e) stress and displacement equations were obtained
for the two-layer system with a frictionless
and where the coefficients of the strength proper- interface.

.(a) At the Surface of Layer No.1

Settlement (23)
2(1-J.t12) [ F- [2F-1-2mh]e- 2mh - (l-F)e- 4mh ]
w=Jo(mr) .
EI F+[(2F-1)2mh- (1 +2mW)]e-2mh +(1- F)e- 4mh
1 a2w
Approximate radius of curvature, - = - , (24)
R ar2
2 2
1 [ m JI(mr)][(1-J.t1 )]
-= m2Jo(mr) - [Bracket of Settlement Eq. (23)].
R mr EI

(b) At the Interface Between Layers No. 1 and No. 2

Normal stress (25)
(1+mh)e-mh_(1-mh)e-3mh ]
Uz= -mJo(mr)[2F-1] [ . .
F+[(2F-1)2mh- (1 +2mW)]e-2mh +(1- F)e- 4mh
Radial stress (26)
[(1 +mh) -2F(1-mh)]e-mh - [(1 +3mh) - 2F(1 +mh)]e-3mh ]
UrI =mJo(mr) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ F + [(2F -1)2mh - (1 + 2mW) ]e-2mh + (1- F)e- 4mh
[(1-2J.tl)(1 +mh) - 2F(1-2J.tI-mh)]e- mh + 1
mJI(mr) - [(1-2J.t1)(1 +mh) +2mh- 2F(1-2J.tI+mh)]e-3mh
.
[
mr F+[(2F-1)2mh- (1+2mW)]e- 2mh +(1- F)e- 4mh
Settlement (27)
2(1- J.t!2) [ (1 +mh)e-mh - (l-mh)e- 3mh ]
w=Jo(mr) . ..
EI 2mh
F+[(2F-1)2mh- (1 +2mW)]e- +(1- F)e- 4mh
Approximate radius of curvature (28)

.~ = [m2 Jo(mr)
R
2
m JI(mr)][2(1- J.t1
mr EI
2
) J[Bracket of Settlement Eq. (27)].
Equations (25) and (27) may be shown to be identical with those given by Marguerre at the
interface.! If the modulus becomes infinite, that is, a frictionless rock surface at the base of layer
No.1, and Poisson's ratio, J.tl=1L2=i Eq. (25) for the normal stress at the rock surface becomes
identical with that given by Biot.2
1 K. Marguerre, Ing. Arch. 4, 332 (1933).
2 M. A. Biot, Physics 6,367 (1935).

VOLUME 16, MARCH, 1945 127

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