Reaction Kinetics (Saponification of Ethyl Acetate)

NaOH + CH3CH2COOCH3  CH3CH2OH + CH3COONa

Net Ionic Equation OH- + CH3CH2COOCH3  CH3CH2OH + CH3COO- (Na+ = spectator ion)
Definitions
Resistance
The resistance of the solution (R) can be calculated using Ohm’s law (V = R x I).
Conductance
Conductance (G) is defined as the reciprocal of the electrical resistance (R) of a solution between two electrodes. G = 1/R (Siemens,S)
Cell constant
This is the ratio of the distance (d) between the electrodes to the area (a) of the electrodes. K = d/a
K = cell constant (cm-1)
a = effective area of the electrodes (cm2)
d = distance between the electrodes (cm)
Conductivity
Electricity is the flow of electrons. This indicates that ions in solution will conduct electricity. Conductivity is the ability of a solution
to pass current. The conductivity reading of a sample will change with temperature. κ = G  K where: κ = conductivity (S/cm)
Concentration
Concentration used is molarity (M)

Conductivity of solutions κ = Σ Ci Λi where: Λi is molar conductivity (S/cm-M) and Ci is molarity (M) of the respective ion. For the
saponification reaction:
κ = Σ Ci Λi = COHΛOH + CAcetΛAcet + CNaΛNa where: ΛOH = 0.198, ΛAcet = 0.006 and ΛNa= 0.050 S/cm-M

Na, OH and Acet are the ionic species in reaction mix.

By stoichiometry: CAcet= COHinit - COH and CNa= COHinit . Substituting and rearranging:

κ = Σ Ci Λi = COHA + B where: A = ΛOH - ΛAcet and B = COHinit (ΛNa + ΛAcet) are constants. Solving for hidroxide ion

concentration: COH = (κ – B)/A (1)

Batch reactors

At t = 0 (just after reactants are mixed) κ = κ0 and it is obtained:

κ0 = COHinitA + B or COHinit = (κ0 – B)/A (2)
𝜿−𝑩
Dividing (2) by (1) it is obtained 𝑪𝑶𝑯 = 𝑪𝑶𝑯𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕 ( ) (3)
𝜿𝟎 −𝑩
𝜿−𝜿∞
At infinite time COH tends to zero (limiting reactant) and by equation (1) κ∞ = B. Equation (3) becomes: 𝑪𝑶𝑯 = 𝑪𝑶𝑯𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕 ( ) (4)
𝜿𝟎 −𝜿∞
𝜿𝟎 −𝜿
Using the definition of conversion CA = CA0(1-X) it can be obtained 𝑿 = (5)
𝜿𝟎 −𝜿∞

Flow reactors
𝜿−𝑩
For constant volumetric flow the relationship of concentration with conductivity is given by 𝑪𝑶𝑯 = 𝑪𝑶𝑯𝒊𝒏𝒍𝒆𝒕 ( ).
𝜿𝟎 −𝑩