Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electrical Engineering 2015-1

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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electrical Engineering
2015-1
Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE
2015-1
General Aptitude
Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 Which of the following combinations is incorrect?
(A) Acquiescence – Submission
(B) Wheedle – Roundabout
(C) Flippancy – Lightness
(D) Profligate – Extravagant
. i n
o
Sol. 1 Correct option is (B).
c
Acquiescence – Acceptance without protect
Submission – The Act of submitting
a .
i
Wheedle – Influence and arguing by gentle urging, caressing as flattering.
d
Round about – Deviation from a straight course
o
Flippancy – Inappropriate lavite (light mindedness)
n
Lightness – Having a light
.
Profligate – A dissolute men in fashionable society
w
Extravagant – Recklessly wasteful
w
So, the pair Wheedle – Roundabout is not synonym.
Given Set A = "2, 3, 4, 5, and Set B = "11, 12, 13, 14, 15, , two numbers are randomly
w
Q. 2
selected, one from each set. What is probability that the sum of the two numbers
©
equals 16?
(A) 0.20 (B) 0.25
(C) 0.30 (D) 0.33
Sol. 2 Correct option is (A).
Given
Set A = "2, 3, 4, 5,
Set B = "11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
Two numbers are chosen, one from set A and other from set B . Then,
Total = 4 # 5 = 20 cases
Favourable case- Sum of two numbers equals 16.
"^5, 11h, ^4, 12h, ^3, 13h, ^2, 14h,
i.e. number of favourable cases = 4
Hence, P = Favourable case
Total case
= 4 = 0.20
20
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2015-1
Q. 3 Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the sentence below?
She enjoyed herself immensely at the party.
(A) She had a terrible time at the party.
(B) She had a horrible time at the party.
n
(C) She had a terrific time at the party.
(D) She had a terrifying time at the party.
. i
Sol. 3 Correct option is (C).
c o
.
She enjoyed herself immensely at the party.
i a
Here immensely means to an exceedingly great extent or degree.
d
Similar sentence is given in option (C)
o
She had a terrific time at the parts terrific
n
Here, terrific means very great or intense, extraordinary good or great.
.
However, the statements given in other options, give a different meaning as
w
described below.
Option (A)
w
Terrible means causing fear or dread as terror.
w
Option (B)
Horrible means a thing that causes horror.
©
Option (C)
Terrifying means causing extreme terror.
n
Q. 4 Based on the given statements, select the most appropriate option to solve the
. i
given question.
o
If two floors in a certain building are 9 feet apart, how many steps are there in a
c
set of stairs that extends from the first floor to the second floor of the building?
.
Statements:
a
(I) Each step is 3 foot high.
i
4
(II) Each step is 1 foot wide.
o d
(A) Statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient.
. n
(B) Statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I alone is not sufficient.
w
(C) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither statement alone is
sufficient.
w
(D) Statement I and II together are not sufficient.
Sol. 4
w
Correct option is (A).
©
Given
Distance between two floors of building = 9 feet
Height of each step = 34 (Statement I)
Width of each step = 1 (Statement II)
Using the data give in statement I, we may calculate the number of steps in a set
of stairs as
n = 9 # 4 = 12 step
3
So, statement I is sufficient to give the answer.
However, there is no use of width given in statement II to calculate number of
required steps in set of stairs. So, width of foot can be anything, and it is not
sufficient to obtain the number of steps.

Thus, statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient.

Q. 5 Didn’t you buy _______ when you went shopping ?
(A) any paper (B) much paper
(C) no paper (D) a few paper
. i n
o
The given sentence is interro-negative, and with interro-negative sentence any is
c
used. So, the complete sentence will be
.
Didn’t you buy any paper when you went shopping ?
a
Q. 6 - Q. 10 Carry two marks each.
d i
n o
The given statement is followed by some course of action. Assuming the statement
.
Q. 6
to be true, decide the correct option.
w
Statement:
w
There has been a signification drop in the water level in the lakes supplying water
to the city.
w
Course of action:
(I) The water supply authority should impose a partial cut in supply to tackle
© the situation.
(II) The government should appeal to all the residents through mass media for
minimal use of water.
. i n
(III) The government should ban the water supply in lower areas.
o
(A) Statements I and II follow.
c
(B) Statements I and III follow.
(C) Statements II and III follow.
a .
(D) All statements follow.
d i
o
n
Since, there is significant drop in water level in the lakes, so to reduce the misuse
.
of water, the course of action may be any of the following:
w
I the water authority should impose a partial cut in supply to tackle the
situation.
w
II government should appeal to all the resident through mass media for minimal
w
use of water.
©
However, the following course of action does not apply:
III The government should ban the water supply in lower areas.
Q. 7 The number of students in a class who have answered correctly. wrongly, or not
attempted each questions in an exam, are listed in the table below. The marks for
each question are also listed. There is no negative or partial marking.
Q. No. Marks Answered Answered Not Attempted
Correctly Wrongly
1 2 21 17 6
2 3 15 27 2
3 1 11 29 4

Q. No. Marks Answered Answered Not Attempted

Correctly Wrongly
4 2 23 18 3
n
5 5 31 12 1
. i
What is the average of the marks obtained by the class in the examination?
o
(A) 2.290 (B) 2.970
c
(C) 6.795 (D) 8.795
a .
d i
Average marks of the class in the examination is
= total marks obtained
o

total number of student

. n
= 21 # 2 + 15 # 3 + 11 # 1 + 23 # 2 + 31 # 5
0.47
= 6.795

w
Q. 8
w
The pie chart below has the breakup of the number of students from different
w
departments in an engineering college for the year 2012. The proportion of male
to female students in each department is 5:4. There are 40 males in Electrical
©
Engineering. What is the difference between numbers of female students in the
Civil department and the female students in the Mechanical department?
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
Sol. 8 Correct answer is 32.
w
From pie-chart, we have
Total electrical student = 20%
©
The total student for which the data is given in pie chart is
Total number of students = 20 + 20 + 10 + 30 = 80
Electrical female student = 4 # 40 = 32
5
Total electrical student = 72
Difference between female student of civil and mechanical is
= 30 − 10 = 20%
This percentage value is the same as that of electrical students in given pie chart.
So, the difference between female student of civil and mechanical is 32.

Q. 9 Select the alternative meaning of the underlined part of the sentence.

The chain snatchers took to their heels when the police party arrived.
(A) took shelter in a thick jungle
(B) open indiscriminate fire
n
(C) took to flight
(D) unconditionally surrendered
. i
c o
Q. 10
a .
The probabilities that a student passes in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
i
are m, p, and c respectively. Of these subjects, the subjects has 75% chance of
d
passing in at least one, a 50% chance of passing in at least two and a 40% chance
o
of passing in exactly two.
n
Following relations are drawn in m, p, c:
.
(I) p + m + c = 27
w
20
(II) p + m + c = 13
w
20
w
(III) ^ph # ^mh # ^ c h = 1
10
©
(A) Only relation I is true.
(B) Only relation II is true.
(C) Relations II and III are true.
(D) Relations I and III are true.
. i n
o
Sol. 10 Correct option is (D).
.c
i a
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
o d
. n
w
w
w
©

Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.
A moving average function is given by y ^ t h = 1

i n u ^τ h dt. If the input u is a
t
#
.
Q. 1
T t−T
o
1
sinusoidal signal of frequency Hz, then in steady state, the output y will lag
c
2T
.
u (in degree) by _______
a
y ^ t h = 1
T t−T ^ h
#
t
u τ dt
d i

n o
ω = 2πf = 2π # π = ωT = π
.
T
u ^ t h = sin ωt
w
(given in question)
y ^ t h = 1 sin ^ωτ h dτ
t
#
w
T t−T
= 1 cos ^ωτ h
w
t−T

ωT t
©
= 6cos ω ^t − T h − cos ωt @
1
π
= 1 6cos ωt cos ωT + sin ωt sin ωT − cos ωt @

π
= 1 6cos ωt + cos π + sin ω + sin π − cos ωt @

π
. i n
= 1 6− 2 cos ωt @

c o
.
π
= + 2 sin ^ωt + 90ch

π
i a
φ = 90c
Hence, output lags by 90c.
o d
Q. 2
. n
Consider a one-turn rectangular loop of wire place in a uniform magnetic field as
w
shown in the figure. The plane of the loop is perpendicular to the field lines. The
w
resistance of the loop is 0.4 Ω , and its inductance is negligible. The magnetic flux
density (in Tesla) is a function of time, and is given by B ^ t h = 0.25 sin ωt , where
w
ω = 2π # 50 radian/second. The power absorbed (in Watt) by the loop from the
magnetic field is _______
Sol. 2 Correct answer is 0.192

2
By using power eqn. Pabs = V
R
− dψ
By Faraday law, Vemf =
dt
n
ψ = # B.ds = # 0.25 sin ωtds
. i
ψ = 0.25 # sin ωt # 10 # 5 # 10−4
c
− dψ
Vemf =
.
dt
i a
= 0.25 # 10 # 5 # 10−4 cos wt $ w

d
=− 1 π cos ωt

8
P = V
So, power absorbed is
n o 2
.
R
w
P = 1 π2 cos2 ωt
64
w ^ h
2π
So, Pavg = 1 1 π2 cos2 ωtd ωt
#
2π 0 64
w = 1 <
2π
1 π2 ^1 − cos 2ωt h d ωt
# ^ hF
©
2π 0 64 2
= 1 1 p2 1 # 2p
2p 64 2
n
Pavg = 0.192 W
Q. 3
. i
If the sum of the diagonal elements of a 2 # 2 matrix is - 6 , then the maximum
o
possible value of determinant of the matrix is_______
c
.
Sum of diagonal element of matrix is - 6 , and the matrix is ^2 # 2h. So, we have
i a
d
the possible combinations as
^- 1, - 5h, ^- 5, - 1h, ^- 8, 2h, ^- 2, - 3h, ^- 4, - 2h, ^- 9, 3h, ^- 3, - 1h, ^- 3, - 3h
, ^- 10, 4h.
n o
.
Now, we have to obtain maximum value of determinant, it means both the number
w
must have same sign. There is no combination of two positive numbers, so we
take the combination of two negative values. The maximum possible determinant
w
is obtained as
w
- 3 # - 3 = 9
©
Q. 4 When the Wheatstone bridge shown in used to find value of resistance Rx
, the Galvanometer G indicates zero current when R1 = 50 Ω , R2 = 65 Ω and
R 3 = 100 Ω . If R 3 is known with ! 5% tolerance on its nominal value of 100 Ω ,
what is range of Rx in ohms?

(A) [123.5, 136.5] (B) [125.898, 134.12]

(C) [117, 143] (D) [120.25, 139.75]
For balanced Wheatstone bridge, we have
R x = R 3
R2 R1
. i n
or R x = R 3 R 2
c o
.
R1
a
R2 = 65
Given
R1 = 50
d i
o
R 3 = 100 ! 5% = 95 Ω or 105 Ω
n
So, R x = R 3 R 2
.
R1
w
= 95 # 65 (substituting minimum value)
50
= 123.5 Ω
w
Hence,
w
R x = R 3 R 2
R1

©
= 136.5 Ω

= 105 # 65
50
(substituting maximum value)
Q. 5
. i n
For the given circuit the Thevenin equivalent is to be determined. The Thevenin
voltage, VTh (in volt), seen from terminal AB is ______
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
We have the given circuit
w
w
©
Here, we use nodal analysis to obtain the Thevenin voltage.
Let voltage at node A =VA Volt
and voltage at node B = 0 Volt
So, we may write
VA − 0 + V2 − 0 + V2 − 2 = 0
2 1 1
VA + 2V2 + 2V2 − 4 = 0
VA + 4V2 − 4 = 0 (1)

Again, we have
V2 + 20i = VA
î = 1 h
V −0
or V2 + 20V2 = VA 2
or 21V2 = VA (2)
Substituting this result in equation (1), we get
VA + 4VA = 4
. i n
o

21
or 25VA = 21 # 4
. c
a
VA = 84 = 3.36 V
i
Hence,
25
Q. 6
o d
The impulse response g ^ t h of a system, G , is as shown in Figure (a). What is the
maximum value attained by the impulse response of two cascaded blocks of G as
shown in Figure (b)?
. n
w
w
w
©
(A) 2
3
. i n
(B) 3
c o
.
4
a
(C) 4
i
5
(D) 1
o d
n
.
The given system is
w
w
w
©
The continuous time signal is defined as
g ^ t h = u ^ t h − u ^t − 1h
By convolving G with G itself, we get
g (t) * g (t) = 6u ^ t h − u ^t − 1h@ # 6u ^ t h − u ^t − 1h@
= u ^ t h * u ^ t h − u ^ t h * u ^t − 1h − u ^t − 1h * u ^ t h
+ u ^t − 1h * 4 ^t − 1h
= r ^ t h − r ^t − 1h − r ^t − 1h + r ^t − 2h
So, g ^ t heq = r ^ t h − 2r ^t − 1h + r ^t − 2h

The continuous time signal is drawn in the figure below.
. i n
c o
.
Hence, maximum value of geq is equal to 1.
Q. 7 Base load power plants are
i a
d
P: wind farms.
o
Q: run-of-river plants.
n
R: nuclear power plants.
S: diesel power plants.
.
w
(A) P, Q and S only (B) P, R and S only
w
(C) P, Q and R only (D) Q and R only
w
Base load plants are those plants which supply power for 24 hours. So nuclear,
©
thermal and hydro plant (which runs by water of river) are in the category of
Base load.
Peak load plant are those plants which supply power on peak time, like diesel
i n
plant, renewable energy developed plant. So, in this category wind, diesel are
.
included.
Q. 8
c o
Of the four characteristic given below, which are the major requirements for an
.
instrumentation amplifier?
a
P: High common mode rejection ratio
Q: High input impedance
R: High linearity
d i
S: High output impedance
n o
.
(A) P, Q and R only (B) P and R only
w
(C) P, Q and S only (D) Q, R and S only
w
Characteristic of instrument amplifier is
w
1. High input impedance
©
2. High input impedance
3. Low output impedance.
Hence, in the given problem, option (C) is wrong.
Q. 9 A random variable X has probability density function f ^x h as given below:
f ^x h = )
a + bx for 0 < x < 1

0 otherwise
If the expected value E 6X @ = 2 , then Pr 6X < 0.5@ is ______
3
Given
a + bx 0 < x < 1
f ^x h = *
0 other wise

Sum of total probability is 1, i.e.

# f^x hdx = 1
3

-3
# â + bx hdx = 1
1
or
n
−0
. i
2 x=1
or ax + b x − a + b = 1 (1)
o
2 x=0 2
c
Again, we have
E ^x h = 2
3
a .
or # xf ^x h dx = 2
1
3
d i
o
0
# xâ + bx hdx = 23
1
n
or
.
0
x=1
w
or a x2 + 6 # 3 = 2 (2)
2 3 x=0 3
w
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get
w
a = 0 b = 2
Hence, Pr ^X < 0.5h = f ^x h dx
0.5
#
©
x =− 3
= f ^x h dxf 2xdx
0 0.5
#
−3
#
0
n
2 x = 0.5
i
= 0 + 2x

.
2 x=0
= ^0.5h2 = 0.25
o

Q. 10
. c
Consider a function f = 12 rt, where r is the distance from the origin and rt is the
a
r
i
unit vector in the radial direction. The divergence of the function over a sphere
d
of radius R, which includes the origin, is
o
(A) 0
n
(B) 2π
(C) 4π
.
(D) Rπ
w
w
Sol. 10
Given
w f = 12 r
r
©
Here r is the unit vector in the radial direction. So, divergence of F is equal to
d : F , given by
d : F = 12 d ^r2 Fr h + 1 2 ^sin θFθ h + 1 2Fθ
r 2r r sin θ 2θ r sin θ 2φ
= 12 2 cr + 12 m
r 2r r
1
= 2 2
r 2r
Hence, d : F = 0

Q. 11 A separately excited DC generator has an armature resistance of 0.1 Ω and

negligible armature inductance. At rated field current and rated rotor speed,
its open-circuit voltage is 200 V. When this generator is operated at half the
rated speed, with half the rated field current, an uncharged 1000 µF capacitor
n
is suddenly connected across the armature terminals. Assume that the speed
. i
remains unchanged during the transient. At what time (in microsecond) after the
o
capacitor is connected will the voltage across it reach 25 V?
(A) 62.25 (B) 69.3
(C) 73.25
. c
(D) 77.3
i a
d
Separately excited d.c. generators has
ra = 0.1 Ω
n o
.
Open circuit voltage is
w
= E1 = 200 V at rated speed
When generator is rotated at half the rated speed and half the field current. So,

wφ 2 = 0.5φ 1
w
N2 = 0.5N1
©
. i n
Now, E \ φN
c o
.
So, E1 = f 1 N 1
a
E2 f 2 N2
or 200 =
E2
f 1 # N1
d
0.5f 1 # 0.5N1i
or E2 = 50 V
n o
.
If a capacitor is connected, so new circuit becomes as
w
w
w
©
Therefore, V = V0 ^1 − e−t/RC h
= 50 ^1 − e−t/(0.1 # 1000 # 10 )h
−6
or 25
or t = 69.3 µ sec

Q. 12 In the following chopper, the duty ratio of switch S is 0.4. If the inductor and
capacitor are sufficiently large to ensure continuous inductor current and ripple
free capacitor voltage, the charging current (in Ampere) of the 5 V battery, under
steady-state, is______
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
n
Duty ratio of switch S is

.
TON = 0.4
w
T
We have to determine the charging current of 5V battery.
w
During TON , circuit looks like
w
©
. i n
o
So, voltage across capacitor is = 20 V
. c
Again, during TOFF circuit looks like
i a
o d
. n
w
w
Voltage across capacitor = 0 V
So, average output voltage is

w V0 = dVs = 0.4 # 10 = 8 V
Q. 13
©
and I 0 = V0 − E = 8 − 5 = 1 A
R 3
If a continuous function f ^x h does not have a root in the interval [a , b], then
which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) f â h $ f ^b h = 0
(B) f â h $ f ^b h < 0
(C) f â h $ f ^b h > 0
(D) f â h /f ^b h < 0
Given that f ^x h is continuous function, and doesn’t have any root in 6a, b@. So,
function is either positive or negative in 6a, b@. Now, we consider the two cases.

CASE I
If f ^x h has all positive values in the interval 6a, b@ as shown in figure, then
f â h $ f ^b h > 0
. i n
c o
a .
i
CASE II
Again, for the given interval â, b h, if f ^x h has all negative values then

o
f â h $ f ^b h > 0 d
. n
w
w
w
©
Hence, for both the cases, we have
f â h $ f ^b h > 0
n
Thus, we may conclude the following results.
If f ^x h have any root in 6a, b@, then
f â h $ f ^b h < 0
. i
o

If f ^x h does not have root in 6a, b@, then
f â h $ f ^b h > 0
. c
a

Q. 14
(A) power transformer

d i
The primary mmf is least affected by the secondary terminal conditions in a
(B) potential transformer
n o
(C) current transformer
.
w
(D) distribution transformer
w
w
Q. 15 Consider a HVDC link which uses thyristor based line–commutated converters
as shown in the figure. For a power flow of 750 MW from system 1 to system 2,
©
the voltages at the two ends, and the current, are given by: V1 = 500 kV, V2 = 485
kV and I = 1.5 kA. If the direction of power flow is to be reversed (that is, from
system 2 to system 1) without changing the electrical connection, then which one
of the following combinations id feasible?

If power is to be reversed
(A) V1 =− 500 kV, V2 =− 485 kV and I = 1.5 kA
(B) V1 =− 485 kV, V2 =− 500 kV and I = 1.5 kA
(C) V1 = 500 kV, V2 = 485 kV and I =− 1.5 kA
(D) V1 =− 500 kV, V2 =− 485
i
kV, I =− 1.5 kA
. n
o
c
In the rectifier system, direction of current can not be changed, because in the
.
thyristor, reverse conduction is not possible. So, for changing direction of power,
i a
voltage sign can be changed. So, we have
d
I = V1 − V2
R
n o
.
w
w
w
©
For power to be transferred reverse,
I = V1 − V2
R
This current should be positive
. i n
c o
a .
d i
For transferring reverse power voltage sign should be reversed. For current to be
o
positive, and same amount of power in the reverse direction, the possible values
n
.
are
w
V1 =− 485 kV
and V2 =− 500 kV
Q. 16
w
An inductor is connected in parallel with a capacitor as shown in the figure.
w
©
As the frequency of current i is increased, the impedance ^Z h of the network
varies as

. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
. i n
o
Total impedance of the tank circuit is
c
Zeq = ZL ZC
.

ZL + ZC
jw L $ 1
jwC
i a
d
=
jw L + 1
o
jw C
. n
# jw C
L
= C 2
− w LC + 1

w
Z = d
jw L
n
w
1 − w2 LC
jw L
w
Z =
1 − w2 LC
©
At ω2 LC = 1
or ω = 1
LC
or f1 = 1
2π LC
The value of impedance is infinite.
For f < f1 , the impedance is increasing; and for f > f2 , impedance is decreasing in
magnitude. Hence, we draw impedance ^Z h vs frequency ^ f h graph as

. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
Q. 17 For the signal-flow graph shown in the figure, which one of the following expression
n
is equal to the transfer function X ^^shh
Ys
?
.
2
X1 ^ s h = 0
w
w
w
©
(A) G
1 + G2 ^1 + G1h
(B) G2
1 + G1 ^1 + G2h
(C) G1
1 + G1 G 2
(D) G2
1 + G1 G 2
. i n
c o
Given signal flow graph is
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
By Mason’s formula, we obtain
T.F.
w p T
= k k
T
©
where
T = 1 − / ^loop gainsh + / ^nontouching loop gains taken two at a timeh + ..
pk = k th forward path gain
Tk = 3 for the part of SFG that is non-touching with the k th forward path
If X1 ^s h = 0 , then
T = 1 − ^− G1 G2 − G1h = 1 + G1 G2 + G1
and forward path is
p 1 = G 2
T 1 = 1 − ^ 0 h = 1
Hence, we get
pT G2
1 + G1 ^1 + G2h
T.F. = 1 1=
T

G2
1 + G1 ^1 + G2h
=

Q. 18 The voltages developed across the 3 Ω and 2 Ω resistors shown in the figure are 6
n
V and 2 V respectively, with the polarity as marked. What is the power (in Watt)
. i
delivered by the 5 V voltage source?
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
(A) 5 (B) 7
(C) 10 (D) 14
w
w
Sol. 18
Given system is
©
. i n
c o
a .
i
Current through branch 1 is
d
I1 = − 6 =− 2 A
3
Current through branch 2 is
n o

2
.
I 2 = 2 = 1 A
w
So, current through branch 3 is

w
I 3 = I 1 + I 2
w
=− 2 + 1 =− 1 A
Hence, Power = 5 # 1 = 5 Watt
Q. 19
©
The self inductance of the primary winding of a single phase, 50 Hz, transformer
is 800 mH, and that of the secondary winding is 600 mH. The mutual inductance
between these tow windings is 480 mH. The secondary winding of this transformer
is short circuited and the primary winding is connected to a 50 Hz, single phase,
sinusoidal voltage source. The current flowing in both the winding is less than
their respective rated currents. The resistance of both windings can be neglected.
In this connection, what is the effective inductance (in mH) seen by the source?
(A) 416 (B) 440
(C) 200 (D) 920

Consider the transformer circuit shown below.
. i n
For the circuit, we have
c o

a .
Z in = input impedance as seen by source
or
I1
d i
Z in = V1 = ^R1 + jX1h + ω2 M2
R 2 + jX2 + ZL
o
By neglecting resistances R1 and R2 , we get
. n
2 2
Z in = V1 = jX1 + ω M
I1 jX2 + ZL
w
2 2
= jX1 − j ω M

w
X2
= j c X1 − ω M m
2 2
w

X2
= j c wL 1 − w M m
©
2 2

wL 2
= j c 314 # 0.8 − 314 # 0.48 m

2 2

0.6 # 314
= j 130.744
. i n
o
jωLeff = j 130.744
c
Hence, Leff = 416 mH
Q. 20
a .
A Bode magnitude plot for the transfer function G ^s h of a plant is shown in the
i
figure. Which one of the following transfer functions best describes the plant?
d
n o
.
w
w
w
©
(A)
1000 ^s + 10h
s + 1000
10 ^s + 10h
s ^s + 1000h
(B)
(C) s + 1000
10s ^s + 10h
(D) s + 1000
10 ^s + 10h
We may redraw the given Bode plot in its ideal form as

. i n
c o
.
At ω = 10 rad/see slope is decreasing by 20 dB/decade, so it is a pole.
a
At ω = 1 k rad/sec, slope is again increase to 0 dB/decade, so it is a zero.
Therefore,
d i
k Î + T2 s h
G ^ s h =
n o
^1 + T1 s h
. k _1 + 1000 si
1
=
w
(1)
_1 + 10 s i
1
w
Initially, gain is 20 dB. So, we have
k ^1 + 10h
w ^1 + 0 # τ 1h
G (jω) at ω = 0 =
©
or 20 log 10 k = 20 20 log 10 G (jω) = 20
k = 10
By substituting value of k in equation (1), we get
^s + 1000h
G ^ s h =
10 ^s + 10h
. i n
Q. 21
c o
In the 4 # 1 multiplexer, the output F is given by F = A5B , Find the required
.
input ]I 3 I2 I1 I 0 \.
i a
o d
. n
w
w
(A) 1010
w (B) 0110
Sol. 21
©
(C) 1000
Correct option is (B).
(D) 1110
Given that the output of multiplexer is

F = A 5 B = AlB + ABl (1)
Truth table for the multiplexer is obtained as
S1 S0 F
0 0 I0
0 1 I1
1 0 I2
1 1 I3

From the truth table, we have

F = I 0 S 0 S 1 + I 1 S 0 S 1 + I 2 S 1 S 0 + I 3 S1 S 0
= I 0 B A + I1 BA + I2 AB + I 3 AB (S 0 = B , S1 = A )
Comparing the above expression to equation (1), we get

Hence, the required input is
. i n
I 0 = 0 , I1 = 1, I2 = 1, and I 3 = 0
]I 3 I2 I1 I 0 \ = 0110
c o
Q. 22
a .
In the given circuit, the silicon transistor has β = 75 and collector voltage VC = 9
i
V. Then the ratio of RB and RC is_______
o d
. n
w
w
w
Sol. 22
©
Correct answer is 105.1
Given β = 75
VC = 9 V
We redraw the given circuit as
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
From the circuit, we have

w 15 − RC ÎC + IB h = VC
©
15 - VC = RC ÎC + IB h
RC ÎC + IB h = 6 V (1)
Applying Kirchoff’s law across B -E Junction,
VC - RB IB - VBC = 0
or 9 - 0.7 = RB IB
or RB IB = 8.3 (2)
Also, IC = βIB = 75IB (3)
Solving equations (1), (2), and (3), we get
RC ^75 + 1h IB =6 V (4)
RB IB = 8.3 V (5)

Hence, dividing equation (5) by (4), we obtain the desired ratio as

RB 1 = 8.3
RC # 76 6
or RB = 8.3 # 76 = 105.1 V
RC 6
Q. 23
. i n
A (0-50 A) moving coil ammeter has a voltage drop of 0.1 V across its terminals
at full scale deflection. The external shunt resistance (in miliohms) needed to
extend its range to (0-500A) is_______
c o
.
i a
Given
d
Full scale deflection before adding resistance = 50 A
o
Voltage drop = 0.1 V
. n
w
w
w
©
In the circuit, external current should be equal to sum of ammeter and shunt
current, i.e.
I ext = I Ammeter + Ish
n
500 = 50 + Ish
i
or
or Ish = 450 A
o.
Again, voltage drop on both ammeter and shunt should be equal, i.e.
IA # RA = Ish Rsh
. c
a
or 0.1 = 450 # Rsh
Hence, Rsh = 0.1 = 0.22 mΩ
450
d i
Q. 24
n o
Consider the circuit shown in the figure. In this circuit R = 1 kΩ and C = 1 µF .
.
The input voltage is sinusoidal with a frequency of 50 Hz, represented as phasor
w
with magnitude Vi and phase angle 0 radian as shown in the figure. The output
voltage is represented as a phasor with magnitude V0 and phase angle δ radian.
w
What is the value of output phase angle δ (in radian) relative to the phase angle
w
of the input voltage?
(A) 0 (B) π
(C) π (D) - π
2 2


Given circuit is
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
By using node analysis, we can write the equation

.
0 − Vi + 0 − V0 δ = 0
w
1
sC
R
V δ
w
or - Vi $ sC - 0 = 0
R
or
w V0 δ =− RsCVi
©
or V0 δ =− RsCVi 0
or V0 δ =− RCjωVi 0 (s = jω )
or V0 δ = RC ωVi − 90c
n
Here, RC ωVi is a real quantity, so we get
δ =− 90c
. i
Q. 25
c o
A steady current I is flowing in the - x direction through each of two infinitely
.
long wires at y = ! L2 as shown in the figure. The permeability of the medium is
a
µ 0 . The B -field at (0, L, 0) is
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
(A) -
4µ 0 I t
3πL
z
4µ I
(B) + 0 zt
3π L
(C) 0
3µ 0 I t
(D) - z
4πL

. i n
c o
a .
i
Magnitude of magnetic field at Y = L is sum of magnetic field at Y =− L/2 and
d
Y =+ L/2 , i.e.
B = B1 + B 2
n o
. cB = m
µ0I µ I µI
= + 0
2π _ 32L i 2π _ L2 i 2πd
−µ0I 2
w
; + 2E
w
=
2πL 3
2πL b 3 l
w
−µ0I 6 + 2
=
©
− 4µ 0 I t
Hence, Bv = a
3 πL z
Q. 26 - Q. 55 Carry two marks each.

. i n
Q. 26 Consider a discrete time signal given by
c o

a .
x 6n@ = ^− 0.25hn u 6n@ + ^0.5hn u 6− n − 1@
i
The region of convergence of its Z-transform would be
d
(A) the region inside the circle of radius 0.5 and centered at origin.
o
(B) the region outside the circle of radius 0.25 and centered at origin.
. n
(C) the annular region between the two circles, both centered at origin and having
radii 0.25 and 0.5.
(D) the entire z -plane.
w
Sol. 26
w
Correct option is (C).
w
Given discrete time signal,
x 6n@ = ^− 0.25hn u ^n h + ^0.5hn u ^− n − 1h
©
Here, we have two functions,
f1 = ^− 0.25hn u ^n h
f2 = ^0.5hn u ^− n − 1h
For first function, ROC is outside the circle with radius 0.25, i.e.
ROC 1: Z > 0.25 (1)
Again, for second function, ROC is inside the circle with radius 0.5, i.e.
ROC 2: Z < 0.5 (2)
Hence, the ROC of combined function is
ROC = 0.25 < Z < 0.5

Q. 27 Two players, A and B , alternately keep rolling a fair dice. The person to get a
six first wins the game. Given that player A starts the game, the probability that
A wins the game is
(A) 5 (B) 1
11 2
(C) 7 (D) 6
13 11
. i n
Correct option is (D).
o
Sol. 27
Given that A and B play game alternately.
. c
a
Probability of getting 6 on die is
=1
6
d i
o
and probability of not getting 6 is

. n
= b1 − 1 l = 5
6 6
w
So, probability that A wins the game at first attempt is
w
=1
6
w
Again, we determine the probability that A wins the game in second chance. It
can happen if 6 does not appear in the first chance of A, and again 6 does not
©
appear in the first chance of B , and then 6 appears in the second chance of A.
So, the probability is
=5$5$1
n

i
6 6 6
o.
Hence, the net probability, that A wins the game, is given by
= P Âh + P Â h P ^B h P Âh + P Â h P ^B h P Â h P ^B h P Âh + ....
c

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
a .
= 1 + 5 $ 5 $ 1 + 5 $ 5 $ 5 $ 5 $ 1 .....
= 1 +b5l $ 1 +b5l $ 1.

6 6
2
6 6
4
6
d i
o
1
n
=
6
= 1 # 36 = 6
1 −_6i
.
5 2 6 11 11
w
Q. 28 The circuit shown in meant to supply a resistive load RL from two separate DC
w
voltage sources. The switches S1 and S2 are controlled so that only one of them
is ON at any instant. S1 is turned on for 0.2 ms and S2 is turned on for 0.3 ms
w
in a 0.5 ms switching cycle time period. Assuming continuous conduction of the
inductor current and negligible ripple on the capacitor voltage, the output voltage
©
V0 (in Volt) across RL is______

Given that only one of the two switches is ON at any instant.
For 0.2 ms, S1 is ON and for 0.3 ms S2 is ON. Here, we analyze the given circuit

for the two cases:

CASE 1: For 0.2 ms
For this case, the circuit becomes as
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
So, the voltage 10 V appears across load resistor RL for 0.2 ms cycle.
CASE
.
2: For 0.3 ms Cycle
n
w
For this case, the circuit becomes as
w
w
©
. i n
So, the voltage 5 V appears across load resistor RL for 0.3 ms cycle.
o
Hence, we get the average output voltage as
V0 = 10 # 0.2 + 5 # 0.3
0.5
. c
=7 V

ia
Q. 29
Reason (R).
o d
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (A) and the
. n
Assertion : Fast decoupled load flow method gives approximate load flow solution
because it uses several assumptions.
w
Reason : Accuracy depends on the power mismatch vector tolerance.
w
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reason for (A).
w
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct reason for (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are false.
©
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true
In fast-decoupled load flow method, some terms are neglected to make gain faster.
For decoupled load flow, we have
TP H N 3δ
>TQH = >M L H>3 V H
V
Here H , N , M , and L are elements of Jacobian. To make the system faster, we

put
N = 0 and M = 0
So, the resulting system is

3P H 0 3δ
>3 QH = > 0 LH>3 V H
V
This gives the approximate load flow gain.

Now, the statement given in Reason (R) is
i n
Accuracy depends on the power mismatch vector tolerance.
.
As accuracy depend upon tolerance, so it is also correct.
o
Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is not
. c
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
a
Q. 30 In the given circuit, the parameter k is positive, and the power dissipated in the
i
2 Ω resistor is 12.5 W. The value of k is _______
d
n o
.
w
w
Sol. 30
w
©
Given circuit is
. i n
c o
a .
i
Power dissipated in 2Ω resistor is 12.5 W, so
d
I 22Ω R = 12.5
or
n o
I 22Ω # 2 = 12.5
.
or I2Ω = 2.5 Ω
w
Therefore, voltage across 2Ω resistor is
V0 = IR

w = 2.5 # 2 = 5 V
w
Applying KCL at node (1), we obtain
2.5 + kV0 = 5
©

kV0 = 5 − 2.5
kV0 = 2.5
k # 5 = 2.5
Hence, k = 0.5
Q. 31 In the signal flow diagram given in the figure, u1 and u2 are possible inputs
whereas y1 and y2 are possible outputs. When would the SISO system derived
from this diagram be controllable and observable?

. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
(A) When u1 is the only input and y1 is the only output.
n
(B) When u2 is the only input and y1 is the only output.
(C) When u1
.
is the only input and y2 is the only output.
(D) When u2
w
is the only input and y2 is the only output.
Sol. 31
w
Correct option is (B).
w
©
. i n
c o
a .
From the signal flow graph, we have
d i
o
xo1 = u1 + 5X1 − 2X2
. n
xo2 = u2 + u1 + 2X1 + X2
y 1 = X1

w
y2 =− X2 + X1

w
xo1 5 − 2 X1 1 0 u1
> o H = >2 1 H>X H + >1 1H>u H
w
x2 2 2
y1 1 0 x1
©
>y H = >1 − 1H>x H
2 2
If u1 is zero, u2 is only input, and y1 is only output. Then, the above expression
becomes
xo1 5 − 2 x1 0
> o H = >2 1 H >x H + >1H 7u2A
x2 2
x1
and y1 = 61 0@ > H
x2
To check the controllability, we form the matrix as
0 −2
6B : AB@ = >1 1 H

Since, determinant of the above matrix is 2 (! 0 ), so its rank will be 2, i.e. equal
to the number of variables. Hence, the system is controllable.
Again, to check the observability of the system, we form the matrix
1 0
6C : CA@ = >54 − 2H
. i n
Determinant of the above matrix is - 2 (! 0 ), so its rank will be 2, i.e. equal to
o
the number of variables. Hence, the system is observable.
c
Thus, the given system is controllable and observable when u2 is only input and
y1 is only output.
a .
Q. 32
d i
In a linear two-port network, when 10 V is applied to Port 1, a current of 4 A
flows through Port 2 when it is short-circuited. When 5 V is applied to Port 1, a
o
current of 1.25 A flows through a 1 Ω resistance connected across Port 2. When
n
.
3 V is applied to Port 1, then current (in Ampere) through a 2 Ω resistance
connected across Port 2 is _______
Sol. 32
w
w
In two port network, Y -parameters are obtained for short circuited conditions.
w
So, we will obtain the Y -parameters for the given problem. For two port network,
we define the Y -parameters as
©

and
I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2
I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 Y2
From the given problem, we draw the network for first condition
. i n
c o
a .

d i
V2 = 0 , I2 = 4 A, V1 = 10 V
So,
n o
4 = Y21 # 10
or
.
Y21 = 4 = 0.4 mho
w
10
Again, from the given data, we draw the network for second condition
w
w
©
So, I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2
or 1.25 = 2 + Y22 Î # 1.25h
or Y22 =− 0.6
Now, if 3 V is applied, the two port network becomes

So, we obtain the current through the 2 Ω resistance as

I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2
or I2 = 0.4 # 3 + ^− 0.6h # V2
or I2 = 0.4 # 3 − 0.6 # 2 # I2 (V2 = 2I2 )
or ^1 + 1.2h I2 = 1.2
I2 = 1.2 = 0.545 A
. i n
o
Hence,
2. 2
Q. 33
. c
A self commutating switch SW , operated at duty cycle δ is used to control the
i a
load voltage as shown in the figure.
o d
. n
w
w
Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the inductor
w
and the capacitor respectively, are
©
(A) VL = 0 and Vc = 1 Vdc
1−δ
(B) VL = δ Vdc and Vc = 1 Vdc
2 1−δ
(C) VL = 0 and Vc = d Vdc
1−d
. i n
(D) VL = δ Vdc and Vc = d Vdc
2 1−d
c o
a .
i
Given circuit is
o d
. n
w
w
This is boost chopper, so output voltage across capacitor is

w V0 = Vdc
©
1−δ
Now, we obtain the average voltage across inductor.
CASE I: When SW is ON
For this condition, diode is OFF, and all Vdc is applied across VL .
CASE 2: When SW is OFF

For this condition, diode is ON, and we have

VL = Vdc − V0
. i n
Hence, the average inductor voltage is
c o

a .
= Vdc # d + ^Vdc − V0h^1 − d h

d i
= Vdc ^d + 1 − d h − V0 ^1 − d h
= Vdc $ 1 − V0 ^1 − δ h

n o
= Vdc $ 1 − Vdc ^1 − d h
^1 − d h
cV0 =
Vdc m
.
1−δ
=0 V
w
Q. 34 The figure shown a digital circuit constructed using negative edge triggered J -K
flip flops. Assume a starting state of Q2 Q1 Q 0 = 000 will repeat after ______
w
number of cycles of the clock CLK.
©
. i n
c o
a .
i
Given sequential circuit is
o d
. n
w
w
w
Here, all the three flip-flops are negative edge triggered. Initially, we have
©
Q2 Q1 Q 0 = 000
So, we obtain the truth table for the circuit as
J0 K0 J1 K1 J 2 K 2 Q 2 Q1 Q 0
1 1 _ _ _ _ 0 0 0
1 cycle 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
2 cycle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
3 cycle 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
4 cycle 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
5 cycle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
6 cycle 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

From truth table, it is clear that the flip-flop is reset after 6th cycle; i.e. Q2 Q1 Q 0
becomes 000. Hence, the starting state repeats after 6 number of cycles of clock
CLK.
Q. 35 The signum function is given by

x ;x ! 0
sgn ^x h = * x
. i n
0; x = 0
The Fourier series expansion of sgn ^cos ^ t hh has
c o
(A) only sine terms with all harmonics.
a .
(B) only cosine terms with all harmonics
d i
o
(C) only sine terms with even numbered harmonics.
n
(D) only cosine terms with odd numbered harmonics.
.
w
x
; for x ! 0
signum function = *
w
x
Given
0 x=0
w
cost
cost ! 0
sgn ^cos ^ t hh = * cost
0 cost = 0
© = *− 1 cost < 0
1 cost > 0
n
0 cost = 0
. i
So, we draw the waveform for the signal as
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
By graphical analysis, we conclude that the given function is even and half wave
©
symmetric, and hence its Fourier series contains cosine term of all odd harmonics.
Q. 36 A DC motor has the following specifications: 10 hp, 37.5 A, 230 V;
flux/pole = 0.01 Wb,
number of poles = 4
number of conductors = 666
number of parallel paths = 2 .
Armature resistance = 0.267 Ω .
The armature reaction is negligible and rotational losses are 600 W. The motor
operates from a 230 V DC supply. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, the output
torque produced (in Nm) is______

Given specifications of D.C. motor,

10 hp, 37.5 A, 230 V,
Flux/pole = 0.01 Wb.
P = 4 ,
Z = 666
No. of parallel path (A) = 2
. i n
ra = 0.267
c o
.
Since, armature reaction is negligible, so we have
a
i
Rotation losses = 600 W
d
N = 1000 rpm
o
PφZN
E =
n
60A

. = 4 # 666 # 0.01 # 1000 = 55.5 V
w
60 # 2
w
So, P = EI
= 55.5 # 37.5 = 2081.25 w
w
Therefore, Pout = (shaft power) - (rotational losses)
©
= 2081.25 − 600 = 1481.25 w
Hence, T = Pout
w
= 1481.25
2πns
. i n
o
= 1481.251000 = 14.14 Nm
c
2 # π # 60
Q. 37 Find the transfer function

Y ^s h
X ^s h
a .
of the system given below.
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
(A) G1 + G2
1 − HG1 1 − HG2
(B) G1 + G2
1 + HG1 1 + HG2
G1 + G 2
1 + H ^G1 + G2h
(C)
G1 + G 2
1 − H ^G1 + G2h
(D)
Given block diagram of the system,

. i n
c o
From the block diagram, we have
a .

d i
Z = ^X ^S h − HY ^S hh G1 (1)
W = ^X ^S h − HY ^S hh G2 (2)
Y ^S h = Z + W
n o
Sum of Z and W is equal to Y , i.e.
.

Y = ^X − HY h G1 + ^X − HY h G2
w
or
or Y ^1 + HG1 + HG2h = X ^G1 + G2h
w
Y = G1 + G 2
w
or
X 1 + G1 H + G 2 H
Y = G1 + G 2
© 1 + ^G1 + G2h H
Hence,
X
Q. 38 The transfer function of a second order real system with a perfectly flat magnitude
response of unity has a pole at ^2 - j3h. List all the poles and zeroes.
(A) Poles at ^2 ! j3h, no zeroes
(B) Poles at ^! 2 - j3h, one zero at origin.
. i n
o
(C) Poles at ^2 − j3h, ^− 2 + j3h, zeroes at ^− 2 − j3h, ^2 + j3h
c
(D) Poles at ^2 ! j3h, zeroes at ^- 2 ! j3h
a .
d i
o
This is an all-pass filter. In this system, magnitude is always constant, and it is a
second order real system. One pole of the system is given as

. n
= ^2 − j3h
w
For all pass filter, since roots are always in complex conjugate, so the other pole is
= ^2 + j3h
w

Again, in all-pass system, for poles and zeros, only sign is changed but magnitude
w
does not change. So, zero should be just right side of s = 0 plane at same distance
of pole from s = 0 plane. Hence, we obtain the pole zero plot for the system as

Q. 39 Two single-phase transformers T1 and T2 each rated at 500 kVA are operated
in parallel. Percentage impedances of T1 and T2 are ^1 + j6h and ^0.8 + j4.8h
, respectively. To share a load of 1000 kVA at 0.8 lagging power factor, the
contribution of T2 (in kVA) is______
n
. i
Rating of each single phase transformer is 500 kVA, and they operate in parallel.
o
Also, we have
. c
Percentage impedance of T1 = 1 + j6
a
Percentage impedance of T2 = 0.8 + j4.8
lags P.F.
d i
Now, we have to determine contribution of T2 to share a load of 1000 kVA at 0.8
o
When transformer are in parallel, the load shared by the transformer is inversely
n
.
proportional by the transformer is inversely proportional to the percentage
impedance, i.e.

wS1 \ 1
w
Z1
S 2 = Z1
w
so,
S1 Z2
©
or S 2 = S Z 2 = S Z 1
Z1 + Z 2 Z1 + Z 2
= 1000 − cos−1 ^0.8h #
1 + j6
1 + 0.8 + j ^6 + 4.8h

= 1000 − 36.86 #
. i n
1 + j6
1.8 + j10.8
Hence, S2 = 555 kVA.
c o
Q. 40
a .
A parallel plate capacitor is partially filled with glass of dielectric constant 4.0
i
as shown below. The dielectric strengths of air and glass are 30 kV/cm and 300
d
kV/cm, respectively. The maximum voltage (in kilovolts), which can be applied
o
across the capacitor without any breakdown, is ______
. n
w
w
w
Sol. 40
©
Given parallel plate capacitor arrangement,
For the capacitor, we define

C1 = e 1 e 0 A = 4e 0 A
d d
C 2 = e 0 e 2 A = e 0 A
d d
So, equivalent capacitance is
Ceq = C1 C2 = 4Aε 0
C1 + C 2 5d
. i n
o
The electric field density (Dn ) will not be affected by dielectric, so it will be same
c
.
in both the medium. Therefore, we obtain
a
Q
Dn = ρ s = = CV
i

A A

5d Ad
= 4Ae 0 # V = 4e 0 V
o
5d
. n
This electric filed density will be same in both the mediums. Given the dielectric
strength of two mediums,

w
Dielectric strengths of air = 30 kV/cm

w
Dielectric strength of glass = 300 kV/cm
w
So, dielectric breakdown will occur first in air medium. Therefore, we obtain the
maximum voltage (before breakdown) as

or
© E2 = Dn = 4V
30 kV/cm = 4V
ε0 5d
n
5d
Hence, V =
5 # (30 # 102) (5 # 10−3)
. i
o
4
c
= 18.75 kV
a
Q. 41 A sustained three-phase fault occurs in the power system shown in the figure. The
d i
current and voltage phasors during the fault (on a common reference), after the
natural transients have died down, are also shown. Where is the fault located?
n o
.
w
w
w
©
(A) Location P
(B) Location Q
(C) Location R
(D) Location S

In the given phasor diagram, we can observe that all the current except I2 are
lagging in nature. In the power system, if there is any fault, then current always
lagging in nature because mostly line are inductive in nature. If current is leading,
I2 will be opposite in direction that shown in figure. So, we get the actual current
n
direction flow diagram as
. i
c o
a .
d i
o
Hence, fault should be at point Q only.
. n
In other case, if fault is at point s , then current I2 and I 4 will flow in the direction
R-S -Q .
w J- 3 0 - 2NO
w
K
Q. 42 The maximum value of à_ such that the matrix K 1 - 1 0 O has three linearly
w
independent real eigenvectors is K0 a - 2O
L P
(A) 2
©
3 3
(B) 1
3 3
(C) 1 + 2 3
3 3
. i n
(D) 1 + 3
c o
.
3 3
a
i
Given Matrix
d
R V
S− 3 0 − 2W

n o
A = S 1 − 1 0 W
SS W
.
0 a − 2W
So, we write the characteristic Tequation forX the matrix as

w A - λI = 0
w
-3 - l 0 -2
w
or 1 -1 - l 0 = 0
0 a -2 - l
©
or ^- 3 - lh^- 1 - lh^- 2 - lh - 2a = 0
or ^l + 3h^l + 2h^l + 1h + 2a = 0
or l3 + 6l2 + 11l + 6 + 2a = 0
3
So, a =− l − 3l2 − 11 l − 3 (1)
2 2
For maximum value of a , we have
da = − 3l2 − 6l − 11 = 0
dλ 2 2
or 3l2 + 12l + 11 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation; we obtain
− 12 ! 144 − 4 ^3 h^11h
λ =
2#3

=− 2 ! 1
3
This is a real value. Now, checking the value for maxima
d 2 a =− 6λ − 6
i
dλ2 2

3 .
=− 3 d− 2 − 1 n − 6 (for λ =− 2 − 1 )
o 3
= 3 >0
. c
a
Again, we have

dλ2 3 i
d 2 a =− 3 d− 2 + 1 n − 6 (for λ =− 2 + 1 )
d 3
=− 3 < 0
n o
.
So, a will be maximum for
w
λ =− 2 + 1
3
w
Substituting this value in equation (1) we get
w
a =− 1 d− 2 + 1 n − 3 d− 2 + 1 n − 11 d− 2 + 1 n − 3
3 2

2 2
©
3 3 3
=− 1 d− 8 + 1 + 12 − 2 n − 3 d 4 + 1 − 4 n + 11- 11 - 3

2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
= 4 − 1 − 6 + 1 − 12 − 1 + 4 3 + 8 − 11

6 3 3 2 3
. i n
=− 1 + 2 3 − 11

6 3 2 3
c o
= − 1 + 36 − 33 = 2 = 1

a .
i
6 3 6 3 3 3
d
Q. 43 The open loop poles of a third order unity feedback system are at 0, - 1, - 2 .
o
Let the frequency corresponding to the point where the root locus of the system
. n
transits to unstable region be K . Now suppose we introduce a zero in the open
loop transfer function at - 3 , while keeping all the earlier open loop poles intact.
w
Which one of the following is TRUE about the point where the root locus of the
w
modified system transits to unstable region?
(A) It corresponds to a frequency greater than K
w
(B) It corresponds to a frequency less than K
©
(C) It corresponds to a frequency K
(D) Root locus of modified system never transits to unstable
Before adding zero in the system, open loop T.F. of the system is
G ^ s h H ^ s h = K1
s ^s + 1h^s + 2h

q ^ s h = 1 + G ^ s h x ^ s h
= s ^s + 1h^s + 2h + K1 = 0
= s3 + 3s2 + 2s + K1 = 0
We check the stability of the system by Routh criteria. The routh array is shown
below.

s3 1 2
s2 3 K1
6 - K1
s 3
0
n
s0 K1 0
. i
For the system to be unstable (i.e. root locus cross the imaginary axis), we have
6 - K1 # 0
c o
.
3
a
or K1 $ 6
G ^ s h H ^ s h = d i
Now, adding zero to the system, we have
K1 ^s + 3h
os ^s + 1h^s + 2h

So,
.n
q ^s h = 1 + G ^s h H ^S h
w
= s3 + 3s2 + 2s + K1 s + 3K1
= s3 + 3s2 + ^1 + K1h s + 3K1
w

= s3 + 3s2 + ^K1 + 2h s + 3K1
w
Routh array for the characteristic equation is obtained as
© s
s2
3
1
3
K1 + 2
3K1
i n
s1 2 0
s0 3K1 0
o.
c
In the Routh array, for any value of K1 $ 6 , system does not go in right half
.
cycle of s = 0 plane and in negative feed back system, dc gain is always positive.
a
i
So, it is always stable. Hence, the root locus of modified system never transits to
d
unstable region.
Q. 44
n o
A 200/400 V, 50 Hz, two-winding transformer is rated at 20 kVA. Its windings
.
are connected as an auto-transformer of rating 200/600 V. A resistive load of 12 Ω
is connected to the high voltage (600 V) side of the auto-transformer. The value
w
of equivalent load resistance (in Ohm) as seen from low voltage side is______
Sol. 44
w
w
Given 200/400 V two-winding transformer has rating of 20 kVA and 50 Hz.
©
Now, the windings are connected as an auto transformer of rating 200/600 V.

. i n
c o
From the transformer circuit, we have
a .
i
3
Current in L1 winding = 20 # 10 = 100 A
d
200
o
3
Current in L2 winding = 20 # 10 = 50 A
400
So,
. n
I 3 = I1 + I2 = 100 + 50 = 150 A
w
Resistance losses in both the cases should be same, so
w
I 22 R2 = I 32 Re1
or ^50h2 # 12 = ^150h2 Re1
Hence, w Re1 =
12 # ^50h2
^150h2
= 1.33 Ω
Q. 45 ©
Consider the economic dispatch problem for a power plant having two generating
units. The fuel costs in Rs/MWh along with the generation limits for the two
i n
units are given below:

o.
C1 ^P1h = 0.01P 12 + 30P1 + 10; 100 MW < P1 < 150 MW
C2 ^P2h = 0.05P 22 + 10P2 + 10 ; 100 MW < P2 < 180 MW
. c
The incremental cost (in Rs/MWh) of the power plant when it supplies 200 MW
a
is ______
d i
o
Given fuel costs,
C1 ^P1h = 0.01P 12 + 30P1 + 10 where 100 # P1 # 150
n

.
C2 ^P2h = 0.05P 22 + 10P2 + 10 where 100 # P2 # 180
Total load,
w
PD = 200 MW
w
So, P1 + P2 = 200 (1)
w
For economical scheduling, the required condition is
dC1 = dC 2
©
dP1 dP2
Now, we have
dC1 = 0.02P + 30 (2)
1
dP1
and dC 2 = 0.1P + 10 (3)
2
dP2
On equating the above equations,
0.2P1 + 30 = 0.1P2 + 10
or 2P1 + 3000 = 10P2 + 1000
or 5P2 - P1 = 1000 (4)
On solving equations (1) and (4), we get
P2 = 200 , and P1 = 0

Q. 46 An unbalanced DC Wheatstone bridge is shown in the figure. At what value of p

will the magnitude of V0 be maximum ?
. i n
c o
a .
(A) ^1 + x h
d i
(B) ^1 + x h
n o
1
.
w
(C)
^1 + x h
(D) ^1 - x h
w
w
Given circuit is redrawn as
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
From the circuit, we obtain
©
V0^+h =
ER ^1 + x h
pR + R ^1 + x h
E ^1 + x h
p + ^1 + x h
=
and V0^-h = ER = E
pR + R P + 1
So, the output voltage is
V0 = V0^+h − V0^−h
E ^1 + x h
= − E
p+1+x p+1
The magnitude of V0 is maximum for

dV0 = 0
dp
− E ^1 + x h E = 0
2 +
^ h ^ 1h2
or
p + 1 + x p +
^1 + x h
n
1
i
2 =
^ h ^ 1h2
or
.
p + 1 + x p +
^ 1 + x h^p + 1h = p + ^1 + x h
o
or
^ 1 + x − 1h p = ^1 + x h − 1 + x
c
or
1 + x ^ 1 + x − 1h
a .
i
Hence, p =
^ 1 + x − 1h
= 1+x
o d
n
Q. 47 A separately excited DC motor runs at 1000 rpm on no load when its armature
.
terminals are connected to a 200 V DC source and the rated voltage is applied
w
to the field winding. The armature resistance of this motor is 1 Ω . The no-load
armature current is negligible. With the motor developing its full load torque,
w
the armature voltage is set so that the rotor speed is 500 rpm. When the load
w
torque is reduced to 50% of the full load value under the same armature voltage
condition, the speed rises to 520 rpm. Neglecting the rotational losses, the full
©
load armature current (in Ampere) is______
n
2
Q. 48 A solution of the ordinary differential equation ddty + 5 dy
dt + 6y = 0 is such that
y ^0 h = 2 and y ^1 h =− e . The value of dt ^0 h is______
i
2
.
1 − 3e dy
3
o
Sol. 48 Correct answer is - 3 .
.c
Given differential equation,
a
d2 y dy
i
2 + 5 dt + 6y = 0
dt
d
So, the auxiliary equation can be solved as
^m2 + 5m + 6h y = 0
n o
.
m2 + 5m + 6 = 0
w
or m =− 2, − 3
Therefore, the solution of differential equation will be of the form

w y ^ t h = C1 e−2t + C 2 e−3t (1)
w
^1 − 3e h
Given y ^1 h =−
e3
and
© y ^ 0 h = 2
Substituting t = 0 in equation (1),
y ^ 0 h = C 1 + C 2 = 2
or C1 + C2 = 2 (2)
Again, substituting t = 1 in equation (1),
y ^1 h = C1 e−2 + C 2 e−3
or 3e-1 = C1 e + C2 (3)
e3 e3
Solving equations (2) and (3), we get
C 1 = 3
C2 =− 1

Hence, y ^ t h = 3e−2t + 3e−3t

dy ^ t h
and =− 6e−2t + 3e−3t
dt
Thus, at t = 0 , we obtain
dt ^ h
n
dy
i
0 =− 6 + 3 =− 3
Q. 49
o.
The op-amp shown in the figure has a finite gain A = 1000 and an infinite input
. c
resistance. A step-voltage Vi = 1 mV is applied at the input at time t = 0 as shown.
a
Assuming that the operational amplifier is not saturated, the time constant (in
i
millisecond) of the output voltage V0 is
o d
. n
w
w
w
©
(A) 1001
(B) 101
n
(C) 11
(D) 1
. i
c o
.
We redraw the given circuit as
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
Applying nodal analysis at node A,
©

0 − 1 (1 # 10−3) 0 − V
s
R
+ 1 0 = 0
Cs
or 1 (1 10-3) =− CsV0
sR #
or V0 =− 1 2 (1 # 10−3)
CRs
From above equation, the time constant of circuit is obtained as
τ = RC
= 1 # 103 # 1 # 10−6
= 1 millisecond

Q. 50 A 3-phase 50 Hz square wave (6-step) VSI feeds a 3-phase, 4 pole induction

,motor. The VSI line voltage has a dominant 5 th harmonic component. If the
operating slip of the motor with respect to fundamental component voltage is
0.04 the slip of the motor with respect to 5 th harmonic component of voltage
n
is______
. i
o
For the 3-phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz induction motor, we have
c
120f
.
Synchronous speed = ns =
P

i a
= 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
d
4
o
The operating slip is given by
n
s = N s − N
.

Ns
w
So, 0.04 = 1 − N
Ns
or
wN = Ns ^1 − 0.04h
w
= 1500 # 0.96 = 1440 rpm
Since, fifth harmonic component is negative sequence component. So, it rotates
©
in negative direction.
N5 = 5N [since N = 120f
P , N5 =
120 # ^5f h
P ]
n
Hence, slip with respect to fifth harmonic is
. i
N − (− 5N)
s = s
Ns
= Ns + 5N
c o
.
Ns

1500
i a
= 1500 + 5 # 1440 = 5.8
Q. 51
o d
An 8 bit unipolar Successive Approximation Register type ADC is used to convert
n
3.5 V to digital equal output. The reference voltage is + 5 V. The output of ADC
.
at end of 3 rd clock pulse after the start of conversion is
w
(A) 10100000
(B) 10000000
(C) 00000001
w
(D) 00000011
w
©
In successive approximation DAC, at even clock pulse, it will load a value in
output register with MSB = 1 and remaining bit will be unchanged.
If Vin < VDAC , then it maintains the loaded bit
Vin < VDAC , then it clears the loaded bit
Now, the resolution is given by
R = Vn max = 8 5 = 20 mV
2 −1 2 −1
For the first clock pulse, the value loaded in register is
= ^10000000h2 = ^128h10
So, VDAC = 128 # 20 mV = 2.56 V.

Therefore, we have
Vin > VDAC (3.5 > 2.56)
So, it maintains the bit in second clock pulse. Again, it will load value in output
register as
^11000000h2 = ^192h10
i n

So,
For this, we have
VDAC = 192 # 20 mV = 3.84 V
o.
Vin < VDAC
. c (3.5 < 3.84)
a
So, it will clear the bit in second cycle. So, after second cycle, the output is

d i
= ^10000000h2 = ^128h10
o
Similarly, in third cycle, it will load bit in output register as
^10100000h2 = ^160h10
n

and we obtain
.
w
VDAC = 160 # 20 = 3.2 V
w
Since, Vin > 3.2 V
So, it maintains the loaded bit. Hence, at the end of third bit, we have

w ^10100000h2 = ^160h10
Q. 52
©
The single-phase full-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI), shown in figure, has an
output frequency of 50 Hz. It uses unipolar pulse width modulation with switching
frequency of 50 kHz and modulation index of 0.7 for Vm = 100 V DC, L = 9.55
i n
mH, C = 63.66 µF , and R = 5 Ω , the amplitude of the fundamental component in
.
the output voltage V0 (in volt) under steady-state is______
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
For the given VSI, we obtain the pulse width as
2d = 0.7 # 180c
or
w d = 0.7 # 180c
w
2
= 0.7 # 90 = 63c
©
So, output voltage is
V0 = /
3
4Vs sin nd sin nπ sin nωt
π 2
n = 1, 3, 5
Hence, amplitude of fundamental voltage is
V0 = Vs sin d
π
= 2 # 100 sin 63c
π
= 56.72


Q. 53 f Â, B, C, D h = Π M (0,1,3,4,5,7,9,11,12,13,14,15) is a maxterm representation of

a Boolean function f Â, B, C, D h where A is the MSB and D is the LSB . The
equivalent minimized representation of this function is
(A) Â + C + D hÂ + B + D h
n
(B) AC D + ABD
(C) ACD + ABCD + ABCD
. i
o
(D) ^B + C + D hÂ + B + C + D hÂ + B + C + D h
. c
i a
Given maxterm representation,
f Â, B, C, D h = Π M ^0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15h
o
So, the minterm representation for the Boolean function is
f Â, B, C, D h = Σm ^2, 6, 8, 10h
n

.
Here, A is MSB and D is LSB, so we form the K-map as
w
w
w
©
. i n
From the K-map, we have
c o
f Â, B, C, D h = ACD + AB D
a .
i
In option (C), the expression is
d
= ACD + AB D + AB C D
o
= ACD + AB D ^1 + C h

. n
= ACD + AB D
This is same as that obtained from the K-map. Hence, the equivalent minimized
w
representation of the given function is

w ACD + ABCD + ABCD
w
A 50 Hz generating unit has H -constant of 2 MJ/MVA. The machine is initially
Q. 54
operating in steady state at synchronous speed, and producing 1 pu of real power.
©
The initial value of the rotor angle δ is 5c, when a bolted three phase to ground
short circuit fault occurs at the terminal of the generator. Assuming the input
mechanical power to remain at 1 pu, the value of δ in degrees, 0.02 second after
the fault is______
Given
Inertia constant, H = 2 MJ/MVA.
Initial rotor angle = 5c
Pm = 1 P.U.
Here, mechanical momentum is
m = GH = 2 = 1 P.U.
πf 180 # 50 4500

A bolted three phase to ground short circuit fault occurs at the terminal of the
generator, so
mα = Pm − Pc
n
or α = Pm − 0 = 11 = 4500 deg/sec
i
m
.
4500
Hence, the change in angle is
Tδ = 1 # t2
c o
.
2

2
i a
= 1 # 4500 # ^0.02h2

o d
= 4500 # 0.01 # 0.02
= 9000 # 10−4

. n
Tδ = .9c
w
After 0.02 sec, we have
δ = d 1 + Td

w = 5 + .9

w δ = 5.9c
©
Q. 55 The circuit shown in the figure has two sources connected in series. The
instantaneous voltage of the AC source (in volt) is given by v ^ t h = 12 sin t . If the
circuit is in steady-state, then the rms value of the current (in Ampere) flowing
n
in the circuit is______
. i
c o
a .
d i
Correct answer is 10.
o
Sol. 55
Given circuit is
. n
w
w
w
©
From the circuit, we have
v ^ t h = 12 sin t
z ^s h = R + LS = 1 + 1s
or z ^ jωh = ^1 + jωh
i ^ t h = 8 + 12 sin t (1)
^ h ^1 + jwh
So,
1 + jw
Now, we have
ω = 0 rad/sec, for dc voltage, Vdc = 8 V
ω = 1 rad/sec, for v ^ t h = 12 sin t

So, equation (1) becomes

i ^ t h = 2
8
2
− tan−1 ^0 h + 12 sin ^t − 45ch
1 +0 1 + 12
2
= 8 + 12 sin ^t − 45h
i n
2
= 8 + 12 d sin + 1 − cos t 1 n
2 2 2
o.
c
i ^ t h = 8 + 6 sin t − 6 cos t
a
Hence, the rms value of current is
i
8 + d 6 n + d 6 n = 10 A
2 2
d
2
i rms =
2 2
n o
.
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
w
w
w
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©

ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (A) (C) (A) (A) (A)
. i
(B)
n (32) (C) (D)
c o
1 2 3 4 5
a . 6 7 8 9 10
i
(90) (0.192) (9) (A) (3.36) (D) (D) (A) (0.25) (A)
d
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(B) (1) (C) (B)
n o (A) (B) (A) (A) (A) (D)
.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
w
(B) (105.1) (0.22) (A) (A) (C) (D) (7) (A) (0.5)
w
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(B) (0.545) (A) (6) (D) (14.14) (C) (D) (555) (18.75)
41 42
w43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
©
(D) (B) (D) (1.33) (0) (A) (8) (–3) (D) (5.8)
51 52 53 54 55
n
(A) (56.72) (C) (5.9) (10)
. i
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©


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Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

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Thus, statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient.

to be true, decide the correct option.

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Q. No. Marks Answered Answered Not Attempted

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Q. 9 Select the alternative meaning of the underlined part of the sentence.

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Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

A moving average function is given by y ^ t h = 1

Sol. 2 Correct answer is 0.192

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(A) [123.5, 136.5] (B) [125.898, 134.12]

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The continuous time signal is drawn in the figure below.

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Sum of total probability is 1, i.e.

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Q. 11 A separately excited DC generator has an armature resistance of 0.1 Ω and

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(A) power transformer

(B) potential transformer

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Consider the transformer circuit shown below.

= j c 314 # 0.8 − 314 # 0.48 m

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Given that the output of multiplexer is

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From the truth table, we have

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Hence, dividing equation (5) by (4), we obtain the desired ratio as

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Sol. 24 Correct option is (A).

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Q. 26 - Q. 55 Carry two marks each.

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Given that A and B play game alternately.

Sol. 28 Correct answer is 7.

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for the two cases:

Here H , N , M , and L are elements of Jacobian. To make the system faster, we

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This gives the approximate load flow gain.

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So, we obtain the current through the 2 Ω resistance as

CASE 2: When SW is OFF

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