MSS SP-55-2001 Quality Standard for Stee! Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities Standard Practice Developed and Approved by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 127 Park Street, NE @ Vienna, Virginia 22180 (703) 281-6613 Copyright by the Manufacturere Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fitings Industy Inc Wed May 19 11:40:37 2004MSS. STANDARD?! CE SP-55 e This MSS Standard Practice was developed under the consensus of the MSS Technical Committee 304 and the MSS Coordinating Committee. The content of this Standard Practice is the result ofthe efforts ‘of competent and concerned volunteers to provide an effeetive, clear, and non-exclusive specification ‘that will benefit the industry asa whole. This MSS Standard Practice is intended as a basis for common practice by the manufacturer, the user, and the general public. The existence of an MSS Standard Practice does not in itself preclude the manvfacture, sae, or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice, Mandatory conformance is established only by reference in a code, specification, sales contract, or public law, as applicable. Unless otherwise specifically noted in this MSS SP, any standard referred to herein is identified by the date of issue that was applicable to the referenced standard(s) at the date of issue of this MSS SP. (See Annex A). In this Standard Practice all notes, annexes, tables, and figures are construed to be essential to the understanding of the message of the standard, and are considered part of the text unless noted as “supplemental”, All appendices appearing in this document are construed as “supplemental”. “Supplemental” information does not include man- datory requirements. U.S, customary units in this SP are the standard; metric units are for reference only Non-toleranced dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal, and, unless otherwise specified, shall be considered “for reference only”. Any part of this standard may be quoted. Credit lines should read ‘Extracted from MSS SP-55, 2001, with permission ofthe publisher, the Manufacturers Standardization Society.’ Reproduction prohibited under ‘copyright convention unless written permission is granted by the Marfacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc Originally Approved April 1961 Copyright 1985 by Manufacturers Standarization Society ofthe ‘ave and Fittings Industry ne e Printed in USA. Copyrignt by the Manufacturers Standardization Society OF The Valve And Fittings Industry Ine Wed May 19 11:40:45 2008Mss STANDARD PRACTICE, @ FOREWORD The MSS SP-55, Quality Standard for Stel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Compo- nents Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities, was originally adopted in 1961. Ic wasdeveloped forthe purpose of providing the industry with a uniform means for identifying various types of casting surface irregularities. A set of 60 reference photographs illustrating these casting surface irregularities is included in the standard to permit a visual comparison of an actual casting surface with the reference photographs for the purpose of estab- lishing acceptable/unacceptable casting surface irregularities, ‘The format ofthis standard was revised in 1996 to be consistent with other MSS Standards. ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS ECTION PAGE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. a : i GQ OREWORD rns TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1 scope, 1 2 DEFINITION OF SURFACE QUALITY BY VISUAL INSPECTION... 3. REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS. 4 TERMINOLOGY FOR REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS, 1 5 COMPARISON OF MSS SP-5$ ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA WITH SCRATA STANDARD COVERING SURFACE TEXTURE QUALITY STANDARDS. TABLE 1 Acceptance Levels in the Scrata Comparators Considered Equivalent to the Acceptance Criteria of MSS SP-55 3 ANNEX A Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates. PHOTOGRAPHS .Type I through XI Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society OF The Valve And Fitings Industry ine Wed May 19 11:40:47 2004MSS. STAND. PRACTIC! sp. QUALITY STANDARD FOR STEEL CASTINGS FOR VALVES, FLANGES, FITTINGS, AND OTHER PIPING COMPONENTS - VISUAL METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF SURFACE IRREGULARITIES 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard is intended to supplement the re- quirements of ASTM Specifications A 216/A 216M, A2ITA217M, A 331/4 351M, A 352/A 352M, ‘A 389/A 389M, A 487/A 487M, and A 744/A 744M and to provide a series of reference photographs typi- cal ofthe various surface irregularities common to steel pressure castings and illustrations of generally acceptable and gencraly rejectable quality. Table 1 of Section 5 is provided to show MSS interpretation sto the relationship between this standard practice and the levels of surface quality illustrated by the comparators and photographs ofthe SCRATA Com- parators forthe Definition of Surface Quality of Stee! Costings. 1.2. Foradditional nondestructive examinations de- fining quality of steel castings, this standard may be supplemented by MSS Standard Practices SP-53 for magnetic particle examination method, SP-54 for radiographic examination method, SP-93 for liquid penetrant examination method, SP-94 for ultrasonic ‘examination method and SP-112 for visual and tac- tile method. DEFINITION OF SURFACE QUALITY BY VISUAL INSPECTION 2.1 Twelve general types of surface irregularities, are characterized inthe collection, five examples be- ing included of each type. The two examples in each case shown tothe left illustrate acceptable degrees of the particular typeof iregularity. Thethree examples tothe right are characterized as containing unaccept- able defects. 2.2 Itis recognized that problems may be encoun- tered in evaluating surfaces of castings over a wide range of size and section thickness using the same sot of standards. This guide attempts to minimize the size effect and is intended for general use for any 4"x 5” (100mm x 125mm) area. 3, REFERENCE PI PHS 3.1. A set of 60 reference photographs illustrating various casting surface irregularities which can be ‘observed by visual inspection, is included herewith ‘These photographs are actual-size examples of gra dations in acceptable and non-acceptable irregulari- ties. Itis intended tha irregularities less pronounced than those shown as non-acceptable shall be accepted under this guide, 3.2. Photographs included are of actual castings and ‘may exhibit surface irregularities other than the type characterizedin the heading. Each type of surface irregularity shall be judged only agains the series of photographs identified with the type I )R REFERENCE PHOTOGHAPHS 4.1 Itshould be noted that all definitions and dis cussions of terminologies apply only to surface ir- regularities and not to internal defects. The types of surface imrogularities illustrated in the reference pho- tographs are as follows: Type I- Hot Tears and Cracks, Linear surface discontinuities or fractures ‘caused by ether internal or extemal stresses or combination of both acting on the casting ‘They may occur during or subsequent toso- lidification. In general, visible surface cracks and/or hot tears are not acceptable a) Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Sosity Of The Valve And Fitings Industry Inc Wee May 19 11:40:48 2004MSS. STANDARD PRACI SI » ° d 9 hy d Type Il Shrinkage. Ayyoid left in cast metals as a result of soliditi- cation shrinkage and the progressive freezing exposed upon cutting off ris- Type HII Sand Inclusions. ‘Sand that becomes entrapped inthe molten metal ‘and shows on the surface of the casting. Type IV- Gas Porosity. Voids in cast motal caused by entrapment of ‘gas during solidification Type V-Veining. Features on the surface of castings appearing, as.aridge and associated with movement or cracking of sand. Type V1- Rat Tails Features on the surface of castings appearing asa depression resulting ftom faulting or buck- ting of the mold surfaces. Type VIT- Wrinkles, Laps, Folds, and Coldshuts, Surface irregularities caused by incomplete fus- ing or by folding of molten metal surfaces, Type VITT- Cutting Marks. Irregularities in casting surfaces resulting from bbuming or mechanical means used inthe clean= ing of castings Type IX- Scabs. Slightly raised surface blemishes that are usu- ally sand crusted over by a thin porous layer of metal. Type X~ Chaplets. Evidence of chaplets on surface of casting dis- closing incomplete fusion, which likewise ean apply to internal chills Kk) TypeXI- Weld Repair Areas. Evidence of improper surface preparation after welding. D Type XI - Surface Roughness. Surface texture due to design, pattern, gating, and sand conditions. 5. COMPARISON OF MSS SP-55 ACCEPTANCE ‘CRITERIA WITH SCRATA STANDARD COV- ERING TEXTURE QUALITY STANDARDS 5.1 MSS and other societies have published stan- dards illastating various levels of surface texture and irregularities classified by type. The SCRATA stan- ard discussed inthis section does not identify spe- cific levels as being acceptable, leaving the issue t0 the product specification or contract. 5.2 Table | has been included for the purpose of showing MSS interpretation as to the levels of dis- continuity by type which would be met by castings, ‘conforming to SP-55. 5.3. The SCRATA comparators are plastic replicas of actual casting surfaces, each of which is also rep- resented by photograph. The standard suggests des- ignating acceptance criteria on drawings. 5.4 MSS SP-55 acceptance criteria have been re- viewed against the SCRATA standard to designate the acceptance criteria ofeach type, which are equiva lent 40 SP-SS acceptance criteria. Comparisons pub- lished in Table 1 represent the MSS interpretation ‘They are intended to be of assistance to those inter- pretingthe SCRATA standard. CCopytight by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industry Ine Wed May 19 11:40:51 2004Mss STANDARD PRACTICE SP-55 ©] —_—_ Tas Acceptanco Levels tn the Serta Comparators Considered Eaivlent tthe Acepiance Ghtera of MSS SP MSS SP-55 SCRATA COMPARATORS CLASSIFICATION EQUIVALENT TYPEI Hot tears and cracks None acceptable (None acceptable) TYPE il NO EXAMPLES Shrinkage Use MSS SP-55, “TYPE IIL COMPARATOR B2 Sand Inclusions cor better TYPEIV COMPARATOR C2 Gas Porosity orbetter TYPEV NO EXAMPLES Veining Use MSS SP-55 e@ TYPEVL NO EXAMPLES Rat Tails ‘Use MSS SP-55 TYPE Vil ‘COMPARATOR D2 ‘Wrinkles, Laps, Folds, and Cold Shuts orbetter ‘TYPE VILL ‘COMPARATOR G2 orbetter Cutting Marks COMPARATOR H4 or better TYPE IX COMPARATOREI Scabs orbetter TYPE X COMPARATOR F2 Chaplets or better TYPE Xt COMPARATORS Weld Repair Areas orbetter TYPE XII COMPARATOR AS Surface Roughness orbetter | Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society OF The Valve And Fittings industry Inc Wed May 19 11:40:53 2004MSS STANDARD PRACTICI SI ANNEX A. Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates ‘This Annex is an integral part of this Standard Practice and is placed after the main text for convenience. Standard Name or Designation ASTM A216/A 216M-93 (R98) A2ITIA21TM-99 A3S1/A351M-944 (R99) A352/A 352M-93 (R98) A389/A 389M-93 (R 98) ‘A487/A 487M-93 (R 98) A TAMA TA4M-98A, ‘Mss SP-53-1999 SP-S4-1999 SP-93-1999 SP-94-1999 SP-112-1999 SCRATA SPECIFICATIONS FOR: ‘Stee! Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding for High Temperature Service Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for High Temperature Service Stee! Castings, Austr ic. for High Temperature Service ‘Steel Castings, Perrtic and Martensitc, for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for Low Temperature Service Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat Treated, for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for High Temperature Service Steel Castings, Suitable for Pressure Service Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel Base, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service ‘Quality Standard for Stce! Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components - Magnetic Particle ‘Examination Method. Quality Standard for Stee! Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components Radiographic Examination Method Quality Standard for Stee! Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittingsand Other Piping Components - Liquid Penetrant Examination Method! ‘Quality Standard for Ferrtic and Martensitic Steet Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components - Ultrasonic Examination Method Quality Standard for Evaluation of Cast Surface Finishes - Visual and Tactile Method (Comparators for the Definition of Surface Quality of Steel Castings 4 Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Secloly OF The Valve And Fittings Industry Ine Wed May 19 11:40:54 2008MSs. STANDARD PRACTICE, e Publications of the following organizations appear on the above lists: ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA. 19428-2959 Mss, Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 127 Park Street, N-E., Vienna, VA 22180 SCRATA Steel Castings Research and Trade Association 5 East Bank Road, Sheffield $2 3PT, England ‘Stee! Founders Society of America 205 Park Avenue, Barrington, IL, 60010 Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industry Ine Wes May 18 11:40:57 2004NON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And 1:49:58 2004 TYPE I HOT TEARS AND CRACKS ings Industry neNON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE lanufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industry In 2-208 Hy w2 ag ~H -007 EziLD:EL BL ABs ponn pay onren euL 10 Aso UoREZIpIEpUEIS siOIMIDE;MUEM Bly Aq WUBUKAOD 5 Asp sum ACCEPTABLE, NON ACCEPTABLE TYPE OL SAND INCLUSIONSACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE Puy ONeA 2uL 10 AB!D0g UO a TYPE W GAS POROSITYNON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE ings Industry Ine Copyright by the Manufacturers Standaraization Socioty Of The Valve And Wed May 1! 2004TYPE RAT TAILS NON ACCEPTABLE. ACCEPTABLE Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industy Ine Wed May 19 11:42:04 2004002 9L-ZP'4 61 AW DIM, uy Ansnpuy SSumi PUY enien us JO Alele0s uoneZIepUENS exeIRIDEINUEYA a Aa IYEUAIED ACCEPTABLE NON ACLEPTABLE TYPE WI WRINKLES, LAPS, FOLDS AND COLDSHUTSTYPE WO CUTTING MARKS NON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of Tho Valve And Fittings Industry Inc Wea May 19 11:42:29 20044 a = 5 9 < z 3 2 ACCEPTABLE e e e Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industry Inc Wed May 19 11:42:43 200¢TYPEX CHAPLETS NON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE Copyright by the Manufacturere Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industy Inc Wed May 19 11:42:53 2004NON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE 19 Manufacturers Standardization Socioty Of The Valve And Fittings Industry Inc 43:05 2004 TYPE XT WELD REPAIR AREASTYPE XI SURFACE ROUGHNESS NON ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE Copyright by the Manufacturers Standardization Society Of The Valve And Fittings Industry Ine Wed May 19 11:43:17 2004List of MSS Standard Practices (Price List Available Upon Request) Sree Sanded Fane or Cola Fes of ip Flanges and Connecting rd Farge of Ven and Figs Samoa Sit Pacing fr Bona, anaes Fagen srasioue Sindee Masing Sytem For Vales, Fg: Fagns 2 Uso Sele to8 eo Conon Resta: Gat lobe, hag re Ceak Vas wth Fang and But Waid Eda Saunt IR 0) Waugh Stas stew Buteling Farge porary Sent PeeinnFanger Season Byposs ane Drain Conwetons Sesiamt0 Geen ‘SOLN Conoson Rest Cas anges and Fanon Fos Sse hy San Sn Curso Porn es Fad Fg od be og Cenpore Map ane seats [Siliy Suncor Sel Canoga or Vues, Ranges a Fringe and Oe Png Confers - RadogragneExamnatn Meat Sessa iy Ste St Ces te ves, Pgs, i as Over Pg Cer vou os Eahao spssos pe Hangs and Sopp Maui, Design a Manta Speb-iora Carnet Flange det Sewn Tepiy Seen an Tp Vas Prat Testing of Ste Valor gh Pressre Chea! lausy Flanges and Teaded Sb fr Use wih ers Gascte stey vos igh PreasreButery Vai ns Oe! 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Stats, pusshed by Bbw, In ede et 8 she sou {2 Sete meron, he HSB wnaons te Sancord io mth ene Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, inc. 127 Park Street, N-E., Vienna, VA 22180-4820 « (703) 281-6613 Fax # (703) 281-6671 Copyright by the Manutacturore Standardization Seciely OF The Valve And Fitings Industry Ine Wed May 19 11:43:29 2004