8.19 A WT230 × 26 standard steel shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.19a.

The dimensions from the top and bottom of the shape to the centroidal axis are shown on the sketch of
the cross section (Fig. P8.19b). Consider the entire 4-m length of the beam and determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.19a Fig. P8.19b

Solution
Section properties
From Appendix B: I z = 16.7 ×106 mm 4

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 13.61 kN-m
negative M = −20.00 kN-m

Bending stresses at max positive moment

(13.61 kN-m)(60.7 mm)(1,000)2
σx = −
16.7 × 106 mm 4
= 49.5 MPa (C)
(13.61 kN-m)( − 164.3 mm)(1,000)2
σx = −
16.7 × 106 mm 4
= 133.9 MPa (T)

Bending stresses at max negative moment

(−20 kN-m)(60.7 mm)(1,000) 2
σx = −
16.7 ×106 mm 4
= 72.7 MPa (T)
(−20 kN-m)( − 164.3 mm)(1,000)2
σx = −
16.7 ×106 mm 4
= 196.8 MPa (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 133.9 MPa (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 196.8 MPa (C) Ans.

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8.20 A WT305 × 41 standard steel shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.20a.
The dimensions from the top and bottom of the shape to the centroidal axis are shown on the sketch of
the cross section (Fig. P8.19b). Consider the entire 10-m length of the beam and determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.20a Fig. P8.20b

Solution
Section properties
From Appendix B: I z = 48.7 × 106 mm 4

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 45.84 kN-m
negative M = −24.00 kN-m

Bending stresses at max positive moment

(45.84 kN-m)(88.9 mm)(1,000) 2
σx = −
48.7 × 106 mm 4
= 83.7 MPa (C)
(45.84 kN-m)( − 211.1 mm)(1,000) 2
σx = −
48.7 × 106 mm 4
= 198.7 MPa (T)

Bending stresses at max negative moment

(−24 kN-m)(88.9 mm)(1,000) 2
σx = −
48.7 × 106 mm 4
= 43.8 MPa (T)
(−24 kN-m)( − 211.1 mm)(1,000) 2
σx = −
48.7 × 106 mm 4
= 104.0 MPa (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 198.7 MPa (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 104.0 MPa (C) Ans.

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8.21 A steel tee shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.21a. The dimensions of
the shape are shown in Fig. P8.21b. Consider the entire 24-ft length of the beam and determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.21a Fig. P8.21b

Solution
Centroid location in y direction:
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
(in.2) (in.) (in.3)
top flange 24.0000 19.2500 462.0000
stem 13.8750 9.2500 128.3438
37.875 in.2 590.3438 in.3

Σyi Ai 590.3438 in.3

y= = = 15.5866 in. (from bottom of shape to centroid)
ΣAi 37.8750 in.2
= 4.4134 in. (from top of shape to centroid)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d = yi – y d²A IC + d²A
4
(in. ) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
top flange 4.5000 3.6634 322.0861 326.5861
stem 395.7266 −6.3366 557.1219 952.8484
Moment of inertia about the z axis (in.4) = 1,279.4345

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Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Maximum bending moments
positive M = 100.75 kip-ft
negative M = −68.00 kip-ft

Bending stresses at max positive moment

(100.75 kip-ft)(4.4134 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1, 279.4345 in.4
= 4.17 ksi (C)
(100.75 kip-ft)( − 15.5866 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1, 279.4345 in.4
= 14.73 ksi (T)

Bending stresses at max negative moment

(−68 kip-ft)(4.4134 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1, 279.4345 in.4
= 2.81 ksi (T)
(−68 kip-ft)( − 15.5866 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1, 279.4345 in.4
= 9.94 ksi (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 14.73 ksi (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 9.94 ksi (C) Ans.

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8.22 A flanged wooden shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.22a. The
dimensions of the shape are shown in Fig. P8.22b. Consider the entire 18-ft length of the beam and
determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.22a Fig. P8.22b

Solution
Centroid location in y direction:
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
(in.2) (in.) (in.3)
top flange 20.0 13.0 260.0
web 20.0 7.0 140.0
bottom flange 12.0 1.0 12.0
52.0 in.2 412.0 in.3

Σyi Ai 412.0 in.3

y= = = 7.9231 in. (from bottom of shape to centroid)
ΣAi 52.0 in.2
= 6.0769 in. (from top of shape to centroid)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d = yi – y d²A IC + d²A
4
(in. ) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
top flange 6.6667 5.0769 515.5030 522.1696
web 166.6667 −0.9231 17.0414 183.7081
bottom flange 4.0000 −6.9231 575.1479 579.1479
Moment of inertia about the z axis (in.4) = 1,285.0256

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Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Maximum bending moments
positive M = 14,851 lb-ft
negative M = −8,400 lb-ft

Bending stresses at max positive moment

(14,851 lb-ft)(6.0769 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1,285.0256 in.4
= 843 psi (C)
(14,851 lb-ft)( − 7.9231 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1,285.0256 in.4
= 1, 099 psi (T)

Bending stresses at max negative moment

(−8, 400 lb-ft)(6.0769 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1,285.0256 in.4
= 477 psi (T)
(−8, 400 lb-ft)( − 7.9231 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
1,285.0256 in.4
= 622 psi (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 1,099 psi (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 843 psi (C) Ans.

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8.23 A channel shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.23a. The dimensions of
the shape are shown in Fig. P8.23b. Consider the entire 12-ft length of the beam and determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.23a Fig. P8.23b

Solution
Centroid location in y direction:
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
(in.2) (in.) (in.3)
left stem 3.000 3.000 9.000
top flange 5.500 5.750 31.625
right stem 3.000 3.000 9.000
11.500 in.2 49.625 in.3

Σyi Ai 49.625 in.3

y= = = 4.3152 in. (from bottom of shape to centroid)
ΣAi 11.500 in.2
= 1.6848 in. (from top of shape to centroid)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d = yi – y d²A IC + d²A
4
(in. ) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
left stem 9.0000 −1.3152 5.1894 14.1894
top flange 0.1146 1.4348 11.3223 11.4369
right stem 9.0000 −1.3152 5.1894 14.1894
Moment of inertia about the z axis (in.4) = 39.8157

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Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Maximum bending moments
positive M = 8,850 lb-ft
negative M = −9,839 lb-ft

Bending stresses at max positive moment

(8,850 lb-ft)(1.6848 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
39.8157 in.4
= 4, 494 psi (C) = 4.49 ksi (C)
(8,850 lb-ft)( − 4.3152 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
39.8157 in.4
= 11,510 psi (T) = 11.51 ksi (T)

Bending stresses at max negative moment

(−9,839 lb-ft)(1.6848 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
39.8157 in.4
= 4,996 psi (T) = 5.00 ksi (T)
(−9,839 lb-ft)( − 4.3152 in.)(12 in./ft)
σx = −
39.8157 in.4
= 12, 796 psi (C) = 12.80 ksi (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 11.51 ksi (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 12.80 ksi (C) Ans.

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8.24 A W360 × 72 standard steel shape is used to support the loads shown on the beam in Fig. P8.24a.
The shape is oriented so that bending occurs about the weak axis as shown in Fig. P8.24b. Consider the
entire 6-m length of the beam and determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress at any location along the beam, and
(b) the maximum compression bending stress at any location along the beam.

Fig. P8.24a Fig. P8.24b

Solution
Section properties
From Appendix B: I z = 21.4 ×106 mm 4 b f = 204 mm

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 16.50 kN-m
negative M = −19.12 kN-m

Since the shape is symmetric about the z axis, the

largest bending stresses will occur at the location
of the largest moment magnitude – either positive
or negative. In this case, the largest bending
stresses will occur at support B, where the
moment magnitude is 19.12 kN-m.

Bending stresses at maximum moment

(−19.12 kN-m)( ± 204 mm/2)(1,000) 2
σx = −
21.4 ×106 mm 4
= 91.1 MPa (T) and (C)

(a) Maximum tension bending stress = 91.1 MPa (T) Ans.

(b) Maximum compression bending stress = 91.1 MPa (C) Ans.

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8.25 A 1.00-in.-diameter solid steel
shaft supports loads PA = 180 lb and PC
= 240 lb as shown in Fig. P8.25.
Assume L1 = 5 in., L2 = 16 in., and L3 =
8 in. The bearing at B can be idealized
as a roller support and the bearing at D
can be idealized as a pin support.
Determine the magnitude and location
of the maximum bending stress in the
shaft.
Fig. P8.25

Solution
Section properties
π π
I= D4 = (1.00 in.) 4 = 0.049087 in.4
64 64

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 980 lb-in.
negative M = −900 lb-in.

Since the circular cross section is symmetric

about the z axis, the largest bending stresses
will occur at the location of the largest moment
magnitude – either positive or negative. In this
case, the largest bending stresses will occur at
C, where the moment magnitude is 980 lb-in.

Bending stresses at maximum moment

(980 lb-in.)( ± 1.00 in./2)
σx = −
0.049087 in.4
= 9,980 psi Ans.

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8.26 A 30-mm-diameter solid steel
shaft supports loads PA = 1,400 N and
PC = 2,100 N as shown in Fig. P8.26.
Assume L1 = 100 mm, L2 = 200 mm,
and L3 = 150 mm. The bearing at B can
be idealized as a roller support and the
bearing at D can be idealized as a pin
support. Determine the magnitude and
location of the maximum bending stress
in the shaft.
Fig. P8.26

Solution
Section properties
π π
I= D4 = (30 mm) 4 = 39, 760.8 mm 4
64 64

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 120,000 N-mm
negative M = −140,000 N-mm

Since the circular cross section is symmetric

about the z axis, the largest bending stresses
will occur at the location of the largest moment
magnitude – either positive or negative. In this
case, the largest bending stresses will occur at
support B, where the moment magnitude is
140,000 N-mm.

Bending stresses at maximum moment

(140,000 N-mm)( ± 30 mm/2)
σx = −
39, 760.8 mm 4
= 52.8 MPa Ans.

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8.27 A 20-mm-diameter solid steel shaft
supports loads PA = 500 N, PC = 1,750
N, and PE = 500 N as shown in Fig.
P8.27. Assume L1 = 90 mm, L2 = 260
mm, L3 = 140 mm, and L4 = 160 mm.
The bearing at B can be idealized as a
roller support and the bearing at D can
be idealized as a pin support. Determine
the magnitude and location of the
maximum bending stress in the shaft.
Fig. P8.27

Solution
Section properties
π 4 π
Iz = D = (20 mm) 4 = 7,853.9816 mm 4
64 64

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 91,500 N-mm
negative M = −80,000 N-mm

Since the circular cross section is symmetric

about the z axis, the largest bending stresses
will occur at the location of the largest moment
magnitude – either positive or negative. In this
case, the largest bending stresses will occur at
C, where the moment magnitude is 91,500 N-
mm.

Bending stresses at maximum moment

(91,500 N-mm)( ± 20 mm/2)
σx = −
7,853.9816 mm 4
= 116.5 MPa Ans.

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8.28 A 1.75-in.-diameter solid steel shaft
supports loads PA = 250 lb, PC = 600 lb,
and PE = 250 lb as shown in Fig. P8.28.
Assume L1 = 9 in., L2 = 24 in., L3 = 12
in., and L4 = 15 in. The bearing at B can
be idealized as a roller support and the
bearing at D can be idealized as a pin
support. Determine the magnitude and
location of the maximum bending stress
in the shaft.
Fig. P8.28

Solution
Section properties
π π
I= D4 = (1.75 in.) 4 = 0.460386 in.4
64 64

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 1,550 lb-in.
negative M = −3,750 lb-in.

Since the circular cross section is symmetric

about the z axis, the largest bending stresses
will occur at the location of the largest moment
magnitude – either positive or negative. In this
case, the largest bending stresses will occur at
support D, where the moment magnitude is
3,750 lb-in.

Bending stresses at maximum moment

(−3, 750 lb-in.)( ± 1.75 in./2)
σx = −
0.460386 in.4
= 7,130 psi Ans.

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8.29 A HSS12 × 8 × 1/2 standard steel shape
is used to support the loads shown on the
beam in Fig. P8.29. The shape is oriented so
that bending occurs about the strong axis.
Determine the magnitude and location of the
maximum bending stress in the beam.

Fig. P8.29

Solution
Section properties
From Appendix B: I z = 333 in.4 d = 12 in.

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 124.59 kip-ft
negative M = −72.00 kip-ft

Since the shape is symmetric about the z axis,

the largest bending stresses will occur at the
location of the largest moment magnitude –
either positive or negative. In this case, the
largest bending stresses will occur at C, where
the moment magnitude is 124.59 kip-ft.

Bending stresses at max moment magnitude

(124.59 kip-ft)( ± 12 in./2)(12 in./ft)
σx = − = 26.9 ksi Ans.
333 in.4

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8.30 A W410 × 60 standard steel shape
is used to support the loads shown on
the beam in Fig. P8.30. The shape is
oriented so that bending occurs about
the strong axis. Determine the
magnitude and location of the
maximum bending stress in the beam.

Fig. P8.30

Solution
Section properties
From Appendix B: I z = 216 × 106 mm 4 d = 406 mm

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

Maximum bending moments
positive M = 50 kN-m
negative M = −70 kN-m

Since the shape is symmetric about the z axis,

the largest bending stresses will occur at the
location of the largest moment magnitude –
either positive or negative. In this case, the
largest bending stresses will occur between B
and C, where the moment magnitude is 70 kN-
m.

Bending stresses at max moment magnitude

(70 kN-m)( ± 406 mm/2)(1,000) 2
σx = − = 65.8 MPa Ans.
216 × 106 mm 4

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