CHAPTER 20

MATRICES

20.1 Addition.
 Important concepts.

a b  p q a  p b  q
   
c d   r s   c  r d  s 

Example 1 Exercise 20.1

 3  7 
    
5  4  7    9
1.     
3  7   19   8 
  
5  4
10 
  
9

Example 2 2. 3  5    8 3

1 7    3 5
 1  3 7  5
  4 11

Example 3 4  3  7 0 
3.   
8 0    1 6 
 2 4   8 3
    
 1 6   7 5
 2  8 4  3
  
1  7 6  5
10 7 
  
 8 11 

matrices 1
Example 4 2  4  5 6 
4.   
 2 5 1 2
     1 0   7  4 
 3 7 3 6
 2 1 5  2
  
3  3 7  6
3 7 
  
 6 13 

20.2 Subtraction.

 Important Concepts

a b p q a  p b  q
  _   =  
c d  r s  cr d  s 

Example 1 Exercise 20.2.

 7   3
    
 8  5  5  6
1.     
 7  3   3  2 
  
8  5
 4
  
 3

Example 2 2. 8  2     1 3

9 7    4 3
  9  4 7  3
  5 4

Example 3 3  3  2  4
3.   
2 9   8  5 
  3 4   4  1

 7  
 8 
 2 3 

  3  4 4  ( 1) 
  72 
 83  
 7 5

 5 
 5


matrices 2
Example 4  4 7   5 9 
4.   
 6  3   8  6 
2 5   3 5
  
7 3   6 8 
 2  ( 3) 5  5 
  
 76 3  8 
5 0 
  
 1  5 

20.3 Multiplication
 Important concept.
a b   ka kb 
k   =  
c d   kc kd 

 p
 a b    =
q
 ap  bq 
 
a  ap aq 
    p q  =  
b  bp bq 
a b   p q  ap  br aq  bs 
     =  
c d   r s  cp  dr cp  ds 

Example 1 Exercise 20.3.

 1 2   5  1 5  2   5 10 
5        
 3 4   5  3 5  4  15 20   6 7
1. 9  
 2 5 

Example 2 6
 4 2. 2 5  
 2 3   7
5
  2  4  3  5
  23

Example 3  4 
3.(a)    5 2
 2   3
  4 3
1
 2  4 2  3  8 6
     
 1 4 1 3   4 3    3
 1  4 
(b)
 2 

matrices 3
Example 4  3 5  7 
4.   
2

3  5 
   2  6   3 
1 4  6 
 2  5  3  6   28 
     
 1  5  4  6   29 

Example 5 4  5
5. (a) 2  4   
 1 
1 3 
5 6 3

4 7
 1  5  3  4 1  6  3  7   3 0
(b) 2 h   
 17 27  1 4 
Example 6. 4 8  5 6
6.(a)   
2

3  5 4 
  5 7  3 9 
4 7  9 8 
 2 5  3 9 2  4  3 8
  
45  79 4  4  7  8 
1 0   1 2
(b)   
 1 4  1 3 
 37 32 
=  
 83 72 

20.4 Combined Operation

20.4.1 format A
Example
Find the matrix P such that
1 2  4  1
2    P   
3 0 2 3 
Solution :

 2 4  4  1
      P
 6 0   2  3
  2 5
   P
 4 3

Exercise 20.4.1
1. Find the matrix P such that

matrices 4
  1 0  2  4
3    P   
  3 1  3 5 
2. Find the matrix P such that

3 1 0 8 
   3P   
2  4 2  3 

20.4.2 Format B

Example
4  3 m 0  7  3
Given that    3  , find the value of m.
0 5  1  2   3  1 
Solution :
4 + 3m = 7
3m = 3, m=1

Exercise 20.4.2
 4 3  2 2  10 9 
1. Given that    m    , find the value of m.
 2 4  1 0  5 4
1 2  m 0 9 2
2. Given that    2    , find the value of m.
3 4  1 2 5 8

20.4.3. Format C
Example
 3 0  1 
Express    as a single matrix.
 1 5  2 
Solution :
 3 0  1   3  1  0  2   3 
   =     
 1 5  2   1  1  5  2  11 
Exercise 20.4.3
 3 2  2 
1. Express    as a single matrix.
 4 1  2 
 5 3  8 
2. Express    as a single matrix.
 4  2  5 

20.4.4 Format D
Example
 3 0
Given that  m 2      2m 8 , find the value of m and of n.
1 n 
Solution :

matrices 5
  3m  (2) 0  2n    2m 8 

3m - 2 = 2m ; 2n = 8
8
3m - 2m = 2 n=
2
m =2 n=4

Exercise 20.4.4
1  2
1. Given that  m 2      4  8 find the value of m and n.
n 4 
3 n
2. Given that  3 m     10 15 find the value of m and n.
1 6 
20.4.5 Format E
Example
1 3   1 1  3 4
Given that m     , find the value of m.
0 2  1 1  1 5 
Solution :
m+1=3
m=2
Exercise 20.4.5

1 2  2 2 5 8 
1. Given that m       ,find the value of m.
0 3  2 2   2 11 
 1 4 3 3  4 7 
2. Given that m       ,find the value of m.
 2 1 3 3   5 4 
20.4.6 Format F
Example
  1
Given that  k 5     6  , find the value of k.
 2 

Solution : - k + 10 = 6
- k = 6 – 10
-k = -4
k = 4

=====================================================================
Exercise 20.4.6
 7 
1. Given that  k 4      k  , find the value of k.
  3
 2 
2. Given that  5 k      k  12 , find the value of k.
  3
20.4.7. Format G
Example
 x 6 20 
Given that   4 y     , find the value of x and of y.
 2 8 10 

matrices 6
Solution :
 4x xy   6 20 
  
 8 2 y   8 10 

4 x = 16 , 2 y = 10
16 10
x = y=
4 2
x = 4 y= 5

Exercise 20.4.7
 x 10 15 
1. Given that   2 y     ,find the value of x and y.
 4  8 12 
 3  9 9 
2. Given that   y 3   , find the value of x and of y.
 x   1  1

20.4.8. Format H
Example
 3 k  2   2 
Given      , find the value of k and n.
 k n  1   1 
Solution :
 3  2  k 1  2 
    
 k  2  n  1  1 
 6  k   2
    
 2k  n   1 
6 + k = 2 ; 2k + n = 1
k= 2- 6 2( -4) + n = 1
k = -4 -8+n=1
n=9

Exercise 20.4.8
2 k  k   6 
1. Given       , find the value of k and of n.
n 5  1   k 
k 3  2   20 
2. Given       , find the value of k and of n
1 n  4   30 
k 2  4  18 
3. Given       , find the value of k and of n.
1 n  5   n 

matrices 7
Questions based on examination format

 k   6   k 
1. Given that 2        ,
  1   3    5 
find the value of k.
A. -6 C. 2.
B. -2 D. 6

 3 w 2 6
2. Given that   w 2     ’ find the value of w.
 4 w3 8 
A. 1 C. -1
B. 2 D. -2

 2 1  4 
3.    
 3 0  6 
 8 6  14 
A.   C.  
  18 0   7
 8 6  14 
B.   D.  
  18 5    12 

1  2 1 0 
4. Given that 2    M   , find the matrices of M.
3 0  6  4 
1  4  13  2
A.   C.  
0 4  12 4 
1  2 3  4
B.   D.  
0 4  12  4 

 x 1
5. Given that 1 7       11 5 , find the value of x
 2 2 
A. 11 C. -3
B. 3 D. -11

 3    1 0
6. Given    3     , the value of e.
  5  2e  e
A. 1 C. -4
B. 0 D. -9

 7
7. Given  4 2 f       34  .Find the value of f.
 3 
A. -3 C. 2
B. -1 D. 3

 5   4
8.      
  3    1

matrices 8
  9   20 
A.   C.  
  4  3 
9 1
B.   D.  
 3  4

2  1   3 4   2 5
9.    =
6 3   0  1   4 7 
 3 8   1  2
A..   C.  
  10  9  10  5 
 3  2  1 8 
B.   D.  
 10  9    2  5

 2  3  4 0 
10. T -   , the matrix of T is
1 0   2  1
 6  3 2 3 
A.   C.  
 3  1 1  1
  2  3 6  1
B.   D.  
 1 1  1  1

2 1  3   4 
11. Given that     k   , find the value of k.
0  3  2    3

A. 1 C. 4
B. 2 D. 8

12. Given the matrix equation 5  2 h   k k 3    26 17  , find the value of h – k .

A. 5 C. 1

B. -1 D. 6

 2  3  5 4  7 y
13. Given that      ,
 x 0   2 1   4 1 
find the values of x and of y.

A. x=2,y=1 C. x=4,y=2
B. x = 2 , y = -1 D. x=6,y=1

  4
14. Express 3  2  1   as a single matrix
 0 
A. (-8) C. (-28)
B. (10) D. (-24)

15. Given that

matrices 9
 2  6 2 
   3 1   ,  the value of m is
m  6  2 
A. 4 C. -2
B. 6 D. -3

1  1
16. 4  2   
0 3 
 4  4
A.   C.  6  6
 0  6
4 2 
B.   D.  4  10 
 0  6

17. Find out matrix of P in the matrix equation below

 5 7    5  1
   4 P   
 3  4   17  8 
1 2 2 0
A.   C.  
0 5 1 5 
5 2 0 2
B.   D.  
0 1 5 1 

18. Given that

 4   1  7 
   m     ,the value of m is
7  2  1

A. -4 C. 3
B. -3 D. 4

19. Given that

 k   6   k 
2        , find out the value of k.
  1   3    5 
A. -6 C. 2
B. -2 D. 6
 5 1 1 0
20. Given that A=  
 and AB=I , where I is a identical matrix  ,
 4 1 0 1 
find the matrix of B.

 1  1 1 1 
A.   C.  
 4 5   4  5 
  10 5   5 1 
B.   D.  
  2 1  4  1

Past Year SPM Questions.

matrices 10
November 2003
1
1. 5 8    4 3  6 8 
2
A.  4 15 C. 13 5
B. 12 9  D. 15 13

 x 
2. Given that  3 x    = 18 . Find the value of x.
  1
A. 9 C. -3
B. 4 D. -6

5 1   2 
3.   
3 4  4 
  6   10 4 
A.   C.  
 10    6 16 
  12    10  2 
B.   D.  
 28   12 16 

July 2004

4. Given that 41  2   M   5 7  , then M

A. (9 -1) C. (1 9)
B. (6 -1) D. (1 15)

1 4  2  1
5.   
0  1 1 2 
 6 7   2 9 
A.   C.  
1  2   1  2 
6 1  2 1 
B.   D.  
7  2  9  2 

November 2004
6. Given the matrix equation 2  4 h   k 1 2   13 8 , fnd the value of h + k.
A. 4 C.10
B. 8 D.11

July 2005

matrices 11
  3   1  5 
7.    2     
6  4    10 
 6  9 
A.   C.  
 4   8
 6  10 
B.   D.  
 0   12 

 2m 0   m m 
8.   2 =
  2  1   m 0 
 m 2 2m 2   m2 2m 2 
A.   C.  
 0  2m    2m  2m 
  
 m2 0  2m 2 2 m 2 
B.   D.  
 2m 0    m  2m 
   

November 2005

 3 1  1 0
9. 2      =
 4 6   1 4
 4 2 5 2
A.   C.  
1 4 5 2 
 4 3 5 2
B.   D.  
7 4 9 8 

 3 0
10. Given  k 5     24 5 , calculate the value of k .
 k 1 
A. 3 C. -1
B. 8 D. -12

.
July 2006

  1  3 
11.    2  
 4    1
  4  7
A.   C.  
 5   3 
  5  7
B.   D.  
 2   6 

2  1 3  1  4 1
12. Given    2     , calculate the value of m
7 m m 2   1 0 
A. 2 C. 4

matrices 12
 B. 3 D. 8

 2
13. Given matrix P =  5  1 and matrix Q =   , then PQ is
 3
A.  7 C. 10  3
 10  10  2
B.   D.  
  3 15  3 

November 2006

 5 2 2 0    3 1
14.    3     
7 1 2  3    2 5
14 1  8 4 
A.   C.  
15  13  15  13 

13 4  7 3
B.   D.  
16  4  10 0 

4p
15. If  3 2      7  , then p =
 p 
1
A. 1 C.
2
7
B. 2 D.
9

matrices 13