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concrete
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Effectively
confined
core •
SECTION B-B
Cover concrete
(spalls off) •—^q-ra
Ineffectively
confined s \s
core

SECTION A-A
FIG. 2. Effectively Confined Core for Circular Hoop Reinforcement

Confinement Effectiveness for Sections Confined by Spirals or

Circular Hoops
If in Fig. 2 the arching action is assumed to occur in the form of a
second-degree parabola with an initial tangent slope of 45°, the area of an
effectively confined concrete core at midway between the levels of
transverse reinforcement is

A, = - (12)
-l^-u
where s' = clear vertical spacing between spiral or hoop bars; and ds =
diameter of spiral between bar centers. Also the area of concrete core is

Ace = 4 d2s(l - p c (13)

Therefore, from Eq. 10, the confinement effectiveness coefficient is for

circular hoops
1809

J. Struct. Eng., 1988, 114(8): 1804-1826