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FIG. 6. Assumed Deterioration in Tensile Strength of Concrete due to Prior

Compression Loading

where

E,=
f, (44)

and
//
(45)

When the tensile strain at the tensile strength is exceeded, i.e., s c > (e,
- Epi), cracks open and the tensile strength of concrete for all subsequent
loadings is assumed to be zero.
Reloading Branches
Fig. 7 shows the stress-strain curves including unloading and reloading
branches. The coordinates of the point of reloading (sro ,fro) may be from
either the unloading curve, or from the cracked state in which ero = (epl —
e,) and/ TO = 0, as shown in Fig. 7. A linear stress-strain relation is assumed
between e ro and E„„ to a revised stress magnitude to account for cyclic
degradation. The new stress point (fneH) is assumed to be given by the
equation
fnew = 0.92fun + 0.08/„ (46)
The same experimental data used to calibrate Eq. 46 was used for Eqs.
32-41.
A parabolic transition curve is used between the linear relation
fc=fro + Er(ec- ero) (47)

1816

J. Struct. Eng., 1988, 114(8): 1804-1826