Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Published March 2012

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012 5045
Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet 1
Contents

Prior learning 2
Topics 3
Topic 1—Algebra 3
Topic 2—Functions and equations 4
Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry 4
Topic 4—Vectors 5
Topic 5—Statistics and probability 5
Topic 6—Calculus 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 1

 Formulae

Prior learning

Area of a parallelogram A b h

Area of a triangle 1
A (b h)
2

Area of a trapezium 1
A ( a b) h
2

Area of a circle A r2

Circumference of a circle C 2 r

Volume of a pyramid 1
V (area of base vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) V l w h

Volume of a cylinder V r 2h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder A 2 rh

Volume of a sphere 4 3
V r
3

Volume of a cone 1 2
V r h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and d ( x1 x2 ) 2 ( y1 y2 ) 2 ( z1 z2 ) 2

( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2

with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) , ,
2 2 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 2

Topics

Topic 1—Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an un u1 (n 1)d
arithmetic sequence
The sum of n terms of an n n
arithmetic sequence Sn (2u1 (n 1)d ) (u1 un )
2 2
The nth term of a un u1r n 1

geometric sequence
The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )
finite geometric sequence Sn , r 1
r 1 1 r
The sum of an infinite u1
geometric sequence S , r 1
1 r

1.2 Exponents and logarithms ax b x log a b

Laws of logarithms log c a log c b log c ab

a
log c a log c b log c
b
log c a r r log c a

Change of base log c a

log b a
log c b

1.3 Binomial coefficient n n!

r r! n r !

Binomial theorem n n1 n nr r
( a b) n an a b a b bn
1 r

Mathematics SL formula booklet 3

Topic 2—Functions and equations
2.4 Axis of symmetry of b
graph of a quadratic f ( x) ax 2 bx c axis of symmetry x
2a
function

2.6 Relationships between a x e x ln a

logarithmic and log a a x x a loga x
exponential functions

2.7 Solutions of a quadratic b b 2 4ac

equation ax 2 bx c 0 x , a 0
2a
Discriminant b2 4ac

Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1 Length of an arc l r

Area of a sector 1 2
A r
2

3.2 Trigonometric identity sin

tan
cos

3.3 Pythagorean identity cos 2 sin 2 1

Double angle formulae sin 2 2sin cos

cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 2cos 2 1 1 2 si n 2

3.6 Cosine rule a2 b2 c2

c2 a2 b2 2ab cos C ; cos C
2ab
Sine rule a b c
sin A sin B sin C
Area of a triangle 1
A ab sin C
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 4

Topic 4—Vectors
4.1 Magnitude of a vector v v12 v2 2 v32

4.2 Scalar product v w v w cos

v w v1w1 v2 w2 v3 w3

Angle between two v w

vectors cos
v w

4.3 Vector equation of a line r = a + tb

Topic 5—Statistics and probability

5.2 Mean of a set of data n
fi xi
i 1
x n
fi
i 1

5.5 Probability of an event A n( A)

P( A)
n(U )

Complementary events P( A) P( A ) 1

5.6 Combined events P( A B ) P( A) P( B ) P( A B)

Mutually exclusive events P( A B ) P( A) P( B )

Conditional probability P(A B ) P(A) P(B | A)

Independent events P( A B ) P( A) P( B )

5.7 Expected value of a discrete E( X ) x P( X x)

random variable X x

5.8 Binomial distribution n r

X ~ B(n, p ) P( X r) p (1 p ) n r , r 0,1, ,n
r

Mean E( X ) np

Variance Var( X ) np (1 p )

5.9 Standardized normal x

variable z

Mathematics SL formula booklet 5

Topic 6—Calculus
6.1 Derivative of f ( x) dy f ( x h) f ( x)
y f ( x) f ( x) lim
dx h 0 h

6.2 Derivative of x n f ( x) xn f ( x) nx n 1

Derivative of sin x f ( x) sin x f ( x) cos x

Derivative of cos x f ( x) cos x f ( x) sin x

Derivative of tan x 1
f ( x) tan x f ( x)
cos 2 x

Derivative of e x f ( x) e x f ( x) e x

Derivative of ln x 1
f ( x) ln x f ( x)
x
Chain rule dy dy du
y g (u ) , u f ( x)
dx du dx
Product rule dy dv du
y uv u v
dx dx dx
Quotient rule du dv
v u
u dy dx dx
y
v dx v2

6.4 Standard integrals

xn 1
x n dx C, n 1
n 1

1
dx ln x C , x 0
x

sin x dx cos x C

cos x dx sin x C

e x dx e x C

6.5 Area under a curve b

between x = a and x = b A y dx
a

Volume of revolution b
V y2 x
about the x-axis from x = a a

to x = b

6.6 Total distance travelled t2

distance v(t ) dt
from t1 to t 2 t1

Mathematics SL formula booklet 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 7