Professional Documents
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Fuel Intake System
Fuel Intake System
Fuel Intake System
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Fuel Intake System- Main Functions
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Fuel Injection in
S. I. Engines
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Carburetion
The process of mixing proper amount of fuel with air
before admission to cylinder;
Factors Affecting Carburetion
Engine Speed;
Vaporization characteristics of fuel;
Temperature of incoming air;
Design of Carburetor;
Carburetor - Main Functions
Provides air/fuel mixture to engine;
Properly mixes the fuel with the air before entering
into cylinder; 4
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Air-Fuel Ratio
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Power Output and bsfc variation
with A/F Ratio for SI Engine
Constant Speed
and Full Throttle
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Air-Fuel Mixture Requirements
Carburetor Performance with Throttle Opening
Idling Range
•Operate at no load with throttle
valve is almost closed;
•During suction, backward flow
of exhaust gases dilutes the fresh
charge, and hence obstruct the
contact of fuel with air particles;
•As throttle is gradually opened
from A to B, pressure diff between
intake manifold and cylinder
becomes smaller;
Venturi Tube
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Simple Carburetor
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Cross Section of Carburetor
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Basic parts of the carburetor
Choke
Venturi
Throttle
Float Chamber
Air Filter
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Choke
venturi
vacuum fuel
float bowl
Venturi
Throttle
Valve
Fuel inlet
Float chamber
Throttle valve
Cylinder
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Carburetor -Theory
Areas of low pressure must be created in the carburetor
to facilitate the flow of air and fuel;
As piston moves from TDC to BDC on the intake
stroke, the intake valve opens, air is sucked through
the air inlet;
This area of low pressure draws fuel from the fuel
supply through the main discharge nozzle;
The carburetor must be able to adjust the air/fuel
mixture to the conditions presented;
It must run smoothly and economically at widely
varying speeds;
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Carburetor -Theory
A fuel metering device that uses a float-actuated needle
valve to maintain fuel level slightly below the edge of
the discharge nozzle;
Metering system
Idling system
Acceleration system
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Metering System
Measures the amount of air entering the engine and
controls the amount of fuel atomized into the air;
This system works on Bernoulli’s principle;
Venturi is at the center of this system;
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Main Metering and
Idling System
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Idling System
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Acceleration System
Between the main metering system and the idling
system there is a short time during acceleration when
both systems would be in-operative;
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Fuel Injection Systems
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Carburetor Fuel Injection system
Fuel is atomized due to Fuel is pressurized by a
vacuum created at the fuel pump for atomization;
venturi throat;
Air speed is greater than Fuel speed at the nozzle tip
fuel speed at throat; is greater than air speed;
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Air Injection System
Fuel is forced into cylinder by means of compressed air
Advantages:
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Solid Injection System
“Fuel is forced into cylinder by without the aid of compressed air”
• Fuel Tank:
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Classification of Solid Injection System
• Distributor system;
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Individual Pump and Nozzle System
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Common Rail System
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Distributor System
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Fuel Feed Pump
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Injection Pumps
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Jerk Type Fuel
Injection Pump
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Working of Jerk Type
Fuel Injection Pump
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Fuel Injector
Increases the surface area of fuel droplets by
atomizing the fuel into very fine droplets for
better mixing with air;
Main Components
• Compression Spring;
• Nozzle;
• Injector Body;
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Fuel Injector
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Nozzle
Main Functions
• Atomization;
• Fuel distribution;
• Prevention from impingement on walls;
• Mixing;
Nozzle Types
• Pintle Nozzle;
• Single Hole Nozzle;
• Multi-Hole Nozzle; 47
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