79

(c) rz = cz + d z = − 6.1 m + 3.3 m = − 2.8 m.

G G G
11. We write r = a + b . When not explicitly displayed, the units here are assumed to be
meters.
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(a) The x and the y components of r are rx = ax + bx = (4.0 m) – (13 m) = –9.0 m and ry =
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ay + by = (3.0 m) + (7.0 m) = 10 m, respectively. Thus r = ( −9.0 m) ˆi + (10 m) ˆj .
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(b) The magnitude of r is

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r =| r |= rx2 + ry2 = (−9.0 m) 2 + (10 m) 2 = 13 m .

(c) The angle between the resultant and the +x axis is given by

⎛ ry ⎞ − 1 ⎛ 10.0 m ⎞
θ = tan − 1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan ⎜ ⎟ = − 48 ° or 132° .
⎝ rx ⎠ ⎝ − 9.0 m ⎠

Since the x component of the resultant is negative and the y component is positive,
characteristic of the second quadrant, we find the angle is 132° (measured
counterclockwise from +x axis).

The addition of the two vectors is depicted in the figure below (not to scale). Indeed, we
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expect r to be in the second quadrant.

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12. We label the displacement vectors A , B , and C (and denote the result of their
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vector sum as r ). We choose east as the î direction (+x direction) and north as the ĵ
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direction (+y direction). We note that the angle between C and the x axis is 60°. Thus,