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Case Study of Structural-Functional Paradigm
Case Study of Structural-Functional Paradigm
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The structural-functional paradigm is a framework for the structure of society. The structural-functional approach tells that all parts in the society
works together in order to form a harmonious, sensible and stable society. This approach sees the society as a macro-level orientation. Each and
every component is interrelated and it is concerns with broad patterns that shape society as a whole. The larger social institutions of the society
such as population, education, economy, government play very important roles on shaping our lives. The family is considered as the most
favourable body composition of the social organization because family is the most elementary and closest social structure which every individual
attached to. For example, assume that if the students are not present, the teachers would not exist as well. Because there is an interrelated
relationship between the students and teachers which represents that the society is a complex system where parts coordinate together to balance
and stabilize the civilization. Auguste Comte, the "Father of Sociology" said that it is very important to keep the society together because many
traditions were weakened due to the rapid change of the humanity. Herbert Spencer linked the society to the human body. For example, a society
is composed by a large number of individuals as a complete functional group. In human body, many cells and tissues form the organs of the
organism, such as hands, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, etc. Various organs of the organism have its unique features to meet the needs of the organism
and to maintain its survival. Similarly, various social structures have its unique features to meet the needs of the community and provide a stable
and balance society.
Symbolic-interaction Paradigm
Symbolic-interaction theory focuses on the study of the relationship between the individual and others. It is a micro-level orientation which
emphasizes the social interactions between the individuals in some speci c situations. As people interact with each other, a person's self-
awareness is the result of the judgement from the surrounding people. The symbolic-interaction theory advocate humans have their own "self",
and because of this "self" people play a "role" of others, and they gain the ability to look at themselves through the eyes of others. If one does not
have the ability to interact with the people and society, the social stability cannot be maintained. Because of the shared reality that human created,
the human social interaction can be stable, expand and maintained. George Herbert Mead says that symbolic-interaction has three characteristics:
It has an explanation on the behaviour of others; there is a de nite process, which means one is ready to tell others when they do something; have
a prediction on others reaction, which is able to predict what they do will cause what responses from others. This depends on the interaction
between two individuals have a shared meaning of the symbol system. Mead sees society as an organized interaction between di erent
individuals, this interactive form of organization depends on the role of the spirit, but also to establish an internal communication process on the
basis of the use of meaningful symbols.
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