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Reviewer - FS 106 Lab Exam 2
Reviewer - FS 106 Lab Exam 2
Reviewer - FS 106 Lab Exam 2
Exact chemical components are not known in Complex Media, thus it is better used in culturing an
unknown organism (Plate Count Agar – Beef Extract and Peptone)
If you want to know the Carbon source of S. aureus, use chemically-defined media since you know the
contents of the medium. It is usually used in studying the metabolic and nutritional properties of
bacteria
What happens if autoclave has air in it? (60% steam, 40% air)
Air decreases the internal temperature inside the autoclave. Thus, it would take a longer time to reach
the desired temperature of 121 deg. Celsius.
Even if pure steam and that which has air, have the same internal temperature, the one with pure steam
would still be able to sterilize better.
Air is heavier than steam thus it would be the one in contact with the container or microorganism, thus
decreasing the penetrating effect of steam inside the autoclave.
Streak Plate, Pour Plate, and Spread Plate – All are indirect methods in enumerating microorganisms
since you are not counting actual cells, you are counting the colonies formed.
Pour and Spread plate are used for enumeration. Streak plate is used for isolation – uses the concept of
dilution
Flaming in between streaks, so as to get a new set of microorganism for the new streak
New streak must come from the previous streak
-
Steps in performing pour plate: Inoculum before agar (1.0 mL)
- Formation of subsurface and surface colonies
Steps in performing spread plate: (0.1 mL) because smaller surface area
- overcrowding or visible spreaders (on the surface) would be the result if 1.0 mL is used in spread
plate
Example:
Sir Kenneth has suspension of mold that of high concentration. What plating technique must he use?
Answer: Spread plate, since molds are strictly aerobic organisms
Sir Kenneth has a psychrophilic organism. What plating technique must he use?
Answer: Spread plate, since organism may die if pour plate is used
Sir Kenneth is analyzing processed food. What plating technique must he use?
Answer: Pour plate, since you are expecting lower counts for processed food. You would rather employ
a technique that has a higher sensitivity
Direct Microscopic Count usually used in pasteurized milk, more sensitive. Very small amount of results.
But may include dead cells in the counting
Plate Count Agar is used since there is lower risk of overestimating, only accounts for live cells.
Total coliforms – Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes (can do fermentation), lactose producing acid
and gas (Salmonella)
LST is used as resuscitation part for injured organisms. If directly placed in BGLB, result may indicate a
false negative.
Iodine – hinders the production of protein, instead of amino acids binding to each other, iodine is the
one that forms complex with the amino acids, inhibiting the formation of polypeptide
Soap – formation of micelles. Mechanical removal of the organisms, does not really kill the
microorganisms. Solubilizes oil, and is able to mix with the compounds
- percent microbial growth reduction (by micelle formation)
- hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, surrounds the dirt, goes with the rinsing
Domex – NaOCl
- denatures protein through oxidation, Chlorine is an intense oxidizing agent
Sodium Nitrite
- inhibits clostridium botulinum endospores
Acetic Acid
- change of pH, precipitating the proteins whilst destroying the bonds of the nucleic acids,
destroying the manufacturing of proteins
Experiment 15 - Parasitology –
*study the life cycle of the organisms for the exam
Definitive host – where organisms grow, where microorganism matures, and where parasite generally
resides
Intermediate host – used to go to the next stage for the microorganism
Protozoans used in study: (one-celled)
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
- multiply through trophozites
Helminths (multicellular)
Schistosoma
- produce eggs, but hatches only when exposed to the environment
- perhaps through repeated exposure to the environment that the helminth is able to thrive in
the body