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Alkanes & Alkenes
Alkanes & Alkenes
Alkanes & Alkenes
ALKANES &
octane, nonane, and decane,
carbon chain, the lower its boiling and dioxide, carbon monoxide,
respectively
melting point. • Chemically, the alkanes are
water and carbon (soot).
• The general formula for
ALKENES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES relatively unreactive
alkenes is CnH2n.
ALKENES
The physical properties of alkenes are • They are obtained by fractional
distillation from petroleum and
comparable with those of alkanes. The physical
are used extensively as fuels.
state depends on molecular mass (gases from • sometimes referred to as the
ethene to butene - liquids from pentene methane series (after the
HYDROCARBONS ARE COMPOUNDS MADE FROM
CARBON AND HYDROGEN ATOMS JOINED BY
onwards). The simplest alkenes, ethene, simplest alkane) or as paraffins. COVALENT BONDS.
propene and butene are gases. Linear alkenes • highly flammable compound at -ALKANES ARE SATURATED - THEY HAVE ONLY
high temperatures SINGLE BONDS. ALKENES HAVE A DOUBLE BOND
of approximately five to sixteen carbons are - THEY ARE UNSATURATED.
• it is a saturated hydrocarbon
liquids, and higher alkenes are waxy solids. and all of its bond is a complete
ALKENES REACT WITH BROWN BROMINE WATER
AND DECOLOURISE IT, BUT ALKANES DO NOT.
ALKENES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES covalent bond. -ALKENES CAN ACT AS MONOMERS. UNDER HIGH
Combustion of Alkenes • Alkanes have lower acidity PRESSURE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A
CATALYST MANY MONOMER MOLECULES JOIN
The alkenes are highly flammable and burn level if you compare it with the
TOGETHER TO MAKE POLYMER MOLECULES.
acidity level of alkenes. THESE POLYMER MOLECULES ARE SATURATED.
readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and water