HOW ARE ALKANES AND ALKENES
DIFFERENT?
ALKENES ARE UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS. THEY CONTAIN A
DOUBLE BOND, WHICH IS SHOWN
AS TWO LINES BETWEEN TWO OF
THE CARBON ATOMS. THE
PRESENCE OF THIS DOUBLE BOND
ALLOWS ALKENES TO REACT IN
WAYS THAT ALKANES CANNOT.
ALKANES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
it is a saturated hydrocarbon and all of its
bond is a complete covalent bond.
ALKANES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Alkanes is a covalent compound which
has a relatively low boiling and melting
point. The more the carbon atom or the
longer the chain in an alkane compound,
the higher its boiling and melting
point.The more the branches in the
carbon chain, the lower its boiling and
melting point.
ALKENES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The physical properties of alkenes are
comparable with those of alkanes. The
physical state depends on molecular mass
(gases from ethene to butene - liquids from
pentene onwards). The simplest alkenes,
ethene, propene and butene are gases. Linear
alkenes of approximately five to sixteen
carbons are liquids, and higher alkenes are
waxy solids.
ALKENES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Combustion of Alkenes
The alkenes are highly flammable and burn
readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and
water
FACTS ABOUT
ALKANES! FACTS ABOUT
ALKENES!
• any of a group of aliphatic
hydrocarbons whose molecules • Alkenes contain contain at least
contain only single bonds which is one double bond between the
the chemical bond. carbon atoms.
• said to have a continuous chain • Alkenes are unsaturated, as they
have spare bonds that they can
if each carbon atom in its
use. This is especially useful in
molecule is joined to at most two
making polymers.
other carbon atoms
• Alkenes decolourise bromine
• it is said to have a branched water.
chain if any of its carbon atoms is • Alkenes form polymers. This is
joined to more than two other because their double bonds open
carbon atoms up to join other monomers, but
• The first four continuous-chain this will be explained in more
alkanes are methane, CH4; ethane,
detail further down the article.
• Alkenes burn with a smoky
C2H6; propane, C3H8; and butane,
flame. This means that is
C4H10
incomplete combustion, where
• alkanes with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 not enough oxygen is getting to
carbon atoms in their molecules the burning object, which means
are pentane, hexane, heptane, that it produces carbon dioxide,
octane, nonane, and decane, carbon monoxide, water and
ALKANES &
carbon (soot).
respectively
• Chemically, the alkanes are • The general formula for alkenes
is CnH2n.
relatively unreactive
ALKENES
• They are obtained by fractional
distillation from petroleum and
are used extensively as fuels.
• sometimes referred to as the
HYDROCARBONS ARE COMPOUNDS MADE FROM
methane series (after the
CARBON AND HYDROGEN ATOMS JOINED BY
simplest alkane) or as paraffins. COVALENT BONDS.
• highly flammable compound at -ALKANES ARE SATURATED - THEY HAVE ONLY
high temperatures SINGLE BONDS. ALKENES HAVE A DOUBLE BOND
- THEY ARE UNSATURATED.
• it is a saturated hydrocarbon
ALKENES REACT WITH BROWN BROMINE WATER
and all of its bond is a complete AND DECOLOURISE IT, BUT ALKANES DO NOT.
covalent bond. -ALKENES CAN ACT AS MONOMERS. UNDER HIGH
PRESSURE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A
• Alkanes have lower acidity level
if you compare it with the acidity
CATALYST MANY MONOMER MOLECULES JOIN
TOGETHER TO MAKE POLYMER MOLECULES.
level of alkenes. THESE POLYMER MOLECULES ARE SATURATED.

Alkane:
Butane
Butane in either its refined
form, n-butane, or its purer
form, also known as
isobutane, is used in
industries such as plumbing,
construction, culinary arts as
well as in jewelry making,
glassmaking, welding, and
other crafty ventures.
BUTANE BOTTLES ARE USED FOR A WIDE RANGE OF
DEVICES AND PURPOSES, INCLUDING:
• PORTABLE CAMPING STOVES
• OUTDOOR GRILLS
• PATIO HEATERS
• PORTABLE SPACE HEATERS
• CABINET HEATERS
• CARAVAN AND MOTORHOME COOKING AND HEATING
• MOBILE CATERING
• REFILLING LIGHTERS
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BUTANE?
• Low Price
• Fast burn
• Ease of use
• Low toxicity
• Energy efficiency
WHAT ARE THE BEST BUTANE BRANDS?
• Colibri
• Newport
• Power
• Puretane
• Vector
Alkene:
ETHENE (C2H4) AKA
ETHYLENE
Ethene is the smallest alkene and is a
colorless gas at room temperature. Unlike
its cousin ethane, ethane does have an odor
that is often described as “sweet and
musky.” It is sometimes called ethylene,
which is technically a misnomer, but is part
of common parlance and so remains.
USES
Ethene is a very important industrial
chemical. Its primary use is in the
production of polyethylene plastic, the
mostly widely-used plastic in the world.
Polyethylene is used to make everything
from shopping bags to packing peanuts,
lubricants, and even some detergents. More
than half of all ethane is used to make
polyethylene
Oxidation of ethane produces various
components including ethylene glycol, the
primary ingredient in antifreeze.
Halogenation of ethene produces a range of
molecules such as ethyl chloride and
ethylene dibromide. These molecules are
found in produces like polyvinyl chloride,
another widely used plastic. Finally,
alkylation of ethane (the addition of an
alkyl group), is the first step in the
production of styrene, which is used to
make the plastic polystyrene for insulation
and packaging. Ethene, without
modification, is also a plant hormone that
produces a number of different effects
including ripening of fruit, pollination, leaf
abscission (falling off), seed germination,
and more.