International Diploma

SAMPLE RESOURCES

This RMS sample resources pack contains a selection of powerpoint

slides together with a supporting lesson plan and are representative of
the full set of RMS trainer materials for the NEBOSH International Diploma
qualification.

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Element IA4

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Identifying hazards, assessing

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and evaluating risks
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 Learning outcomes

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IA4.1 Describe how to use internal and external sources of
information in the identification of hazards and the

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assessment of risk
IA4.2 Outline a range of hazard identification techniques

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IA4.3 Explain how to assess and evaluate risk and to

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implement a risk assessment programme
IA4.4 Explain the principles and techniques of failure tracing
methodologies with the use of calculations
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 Contents

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IA4.1 Sources of information in the identification of
hazards and the assessment of risk

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IA4.2 Hazard identification techniques

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IA4.3 Assessment and evaluation of risk
IA4.4 Failure tracing methodologies

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 Contents

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IA4.1 Sources of information in the identification of
hazards and the assessment of risk

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IA4.2 Hazard identification techniques

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IA4.3 Assessment and evaluation of risk
IA4.4 Failure tracing methodologies

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 Hazard identification techniques
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Hazard identification
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Observation
• Task analysis

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• Checklists
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Failure tracing techniques
• Importance of worker input
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 Hazard identification
• Important part of the risk management process and is the

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first step in the determination of what needs to be managed

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• UK Regulation 3 of the MHSWR 1999 places an absolute
duty on the employer to make a suitable and sufficient

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assessment of the risks to health and safety of his

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employees
• The first step is to identify the hazards
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 Hazard identification
• A hazard may be considered to be:

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“Something that has the potential to cause harm (loss)”
“The potential to cause harm, including ill-health and injury, damage

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to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses
or increased liabilities”

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 Hazard identification
Hazards can rise from a number of workplace factors

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Articles Methods of work

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• Sharp tools such as chisels • Working at height

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Substances and chemicals The working environment
• A strong acid would be a • Confined spaces

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corrosive hazard Other aspects of work
Plant or machines organisation
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• Electricity, movement of • Shift working
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mobile cranes
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 Observation
• Hazard identification can be carried out by observation of

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the workplace or activity and noting the hazards

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• Observation methods have advantages over carrying out a
‘desktop exercise’

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• Hazards could exist in practice because workers developed

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their own method of working, contrary to operating
manuals, instructions and training
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 Observation
• The UK ACOP to Regulation 3 of the MHSWR 1999 states:

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“You also need to:
(a) Observe the actual practice; this may differ from the

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works manual, and the employees concerned or their
safety representatives should be consulted and;

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(b) Address what actually happens in the workplace or
during the work activity”
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Source: UK, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999.
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 Task analysis
• A methodology used in the assessment and reduction of

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human error

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• Two main forms: hierarchical and step analysis
• Take into account the structure of the task and the

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observable operator behaviour

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• Highlights where there could be errors and eliminate them
before they can occur
• Can be used at the design stage and when a task is already
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being conducted
• Also be used in accident/incident investigation
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• Can assist with the identification of immediate causes of loss

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 Task analysis
Hierarchical task analysis

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• Considers the overall objective of the task and how it is

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organised to achieve that objective
• It is a ‘top down’ approach

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• At each stage the potential for error can be noted

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• Breakdown of the task can help the assessor decide on the
control measures needed to reduce the risk of loss
• Can then be written into a safe system of work or safe
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procedure
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 Hierarchical task analysis

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Source: RMS.

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 Task analysis
Step task analysis

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• Often called ‘job safety analysis’

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• Consists of a formal step-by-step review of the work to be
carried out

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• All aspects of the task should be considered and recorded

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• Objective is to establish the hazards/risk factors and controls
at each stage of the procedure
• The process can be considered by looking at the acronym
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SREDIM
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 Task analysis
Step task analysis

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SREDIM

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• Select the task to be analysed
• Reduce the task to steps

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• Evaluate the risk at each of the steps by identifying the

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hazards
• Develop a safe system of work (SSW)
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• Implement the SSW
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• Monitor and review

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 Example of the application of step task
analysis

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Dispensing sulphuric acid from a 200 litre drum

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Job step Risk factor Control action
Select drum. Error in selection. Check drum identification and
hazard label.

Fit eye, hand, body and foot
protection.
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Splash of acid to eyes/face.
Hands, forearms, body.
Select and fit suitable personal
protective equipment (PPE) for
example, chemical goggles/visor,

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protective suite, long gloves and
boots.

Loosen and remove cover from
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drum discharging hole.
Insert drum discharging tap in
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Acid vapour on ventilation. Ensure local ventilation operating.
Controlled release of cover.
Tap is in open position when fitted Ensure tap is closed before

discharging hole. or poor seal, leading to leaks and inserting, align carefully, and
spills of drum contents. tighten securely.
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Locate horizontal drum holder. Unstable load. Ensure drum holder on level and
even floor.

Source: RMS.

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 Example of the application of step task
analysis
Job step
Position drum horizontally.
Place drip tray beneath drum
discharging tap.
Release cover from drum
ventilation hole.
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Position container to receive
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discharge of acid.
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Risk factor Control action
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Unstable load. Use mechanical aid and kinetic
technique. Drum in correct contact
with drum holder.
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None if discharge tap closed and Selection of tray size and careful
securely fitted. positioning to ensure tray will catch
drips from tap and containers
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being filled.
Leakage of acid from ventilation Controlled release of ventilation
hole if drum has been overfilled or cover.
contents expanded. Breathing
acid vapour released during
ventilation.
Unsuitable container. Acid resistant container.
Suitable opening to receive acid.
Correct identification/hazard label.
Source: RMS.
Source: RMS.
 Example of the application of step task
analysis

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Job step Risk factor Control action

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Discharge acid. Risk of splash of acid/overfilling Full attention, regulate discharge.
container.

Close discharge tap. Small quantity of drips may come Position of feet and hands.

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from tap after it is closed. Contact Clockwise direction. Allow last drips
with tray or container when reaching to fall from tap into container.
over.

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Replace ventilation hole cover. Breathing acid vapour released
during ventilation. Contact with tray
or container when reaching over.
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Check PPE for signs of acid Risk of acid burns when removing
contamination. PPE.
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Position of feet and hands.
Clockwise direction, close securely
but not over tighten.
Wash off any acid contamination
with water at emergency shower.

Remove PPE to storage.

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Source: RMS.

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NEBOSH International Diploma – Unit IA – International Management of Health and Safety

Lesson Plan – Day 1

TIME ELEMENT/TOPIC CONTENT RESOURCE/TASK
09.00 Welcome Computer with DVD/Sound functionality. Flip charts,
examiners reports, internet access.
Introduction Name, job, background, experience Name cards

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The lesson plan has been designed to be flexible – timings are only Ice breaker.
approximations that the tutor can flex – depending on the capability of Spilt the group into teams of three or four. Team

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the group being tutored. The delivery sequence may not necessarily members to interview each other and find out hobbies/
follow that of the syllabus. Activities are suggested and should be likes/dislikes etc and represent these pictorially. Team to
varied or adapted depending on the group experience/knowledge and give themselves a name and introduce their team to the
available time. Reference to suitable videos, props, objects from real wider group.
life used in classroom instruction and other media is made, these are
suggestions only and the tutor can introduce different material as they

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feel appropriate.
Course plan Admin arrangements Complete paperwork if necessary

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Course content
Syllabus and exam arrangements
The course will require students to undertake some research.
Programme for the day Topics to be covered Slides, Nebosh Syllabus guide.
09.30 Element IA1: Principles of Learning outcomes: Slides / Flipchart
health and safety  Explain the moral, legal and economic reasons for a health and www.nebosh.org.uk (students downloads section).
management
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safety management system
 Outline the societal factors which influence health and safety www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/
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standards and priorities for conventions/recommendations and access to ILO
 Explain the principles and content of effective health and safety, Encyclopaedia.
quality, environmental, and integrated management systems
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with reference to recognised models and standards

 Outline the role and responsibilities of the health and safety
practitioner
1.1 Reasons for managing Moral: Slides
health and safety

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NEBOSH International Diploma – Unit IA – International Management of Health and Safety

TIME ELEMENT/TOPIC CONTENT RESOURCE/TASK

 concept of reasonable care
 unacceptability of putting health and safety of people at risk
 society’s attitude to moral obligations
 accident/incident and ill-health statistics
Activity
Optional DVD (think what if-not if only) – OR (work
under pressure) available from ‘outtakes film
communications) or similar DVD to discuss with students
the three main reasons for maintaining and promoting

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 higher-risk industries health and safety.
 effect of size of organisation on accident/incident rates Optional DVD: The Secret Syphon

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available from ‘outtakes film communications’
Legal: Questions/answers and discussion.
 the preventive (by enforcement notices)
 punitive (through criminal sanctions)

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 compensatory effects of law
 principle of self-regulation
Economic:

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 costs associated with incidents and their impact on society and
the organisation
 insured and un-insured costs
 financial benefits of positive health and safety management
10.45 Break
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11.00 1.2 Societal factors which Factors: Slides
influence health and safety  economic climate, government policy and initiatives Questions/answers and discussion.
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standards and priorities
 industry/business risk profile
 globalisation of business
 migrant workers
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 level of sickness absence

 societal expectations of equality eg, adjustments for workers
with disabilities
Principle of ‘corporate social responsibility’

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