UPPER

STRUCTURE

BY GJERMUND SIVERTSEN

JAZZ PIANO LESSON

 SUMMARY

Upper structure voicings are those nice sounding jazz chords that almost all jazz pianists
are playing. We all know how they sounds like, but maybe we didn’t know what they were
called. Also we might not know the structure or the secret behind the upper structure
voicings.

As usual, I like to simplify things so we understand at least the principles. Yet, it will take
you some time to master all of the upper structure voicings in all the keys. I still discover
new voicings or new perspectives on this subject.

This is how I see it:

- We have 3 main types of chords: Minor7 chords (1), Major7 chords (2), Dominant 7
chords (3).
- In this lesson I showed you how to play upper structure voicings on minor7 chords and
dominant 7 chords.

Whenever you see an Xminor7 chord, you can add certain types of upper-structure
voicings. If you see an Xdominant7 chord, you can add other types of upper structure
voicings.

For example you see a Cmi7 chord, you can play a D minor over the Cmi7 chord.

Or: If you see an F7 chord, you can add a D major over the F7 chord.

What you add on top of the other chord is what we refer to when you play upper structure
chords/voicings.

If you’re playing a tune from the real book, you can add upper structure voicings to almost
all of the chords.
For example if you play the tune: Moonlight in Vermont. The two first bars would look like
this:
So then you can think as follows:

If you play together with others (if you’re not playing the melody), you could play just like
written above. Replace the ”normal” chord with the upper structure voicings.

Please note: You can add several other combinations than written, so let me show you a
few:

MINOR 7 VOICINGS.

Example 1:
I talked about two in the YouTube lesson: These are like the one in previous example (e.g
G over Fmi7. That results in a Gmi 11

Example 2:
The next version is when you play a B voicing with your
left hand (or A voicing). Then with your right hand you
can play a major chord a wholestep under the root of the
B voicing.

See example to the right.

What is played in the left hand was the B voicing. The right hand plays the triad a whole
step under the root of the B voicing. (In this case the root was an A as the whole chord is
an Ami7. (Played like Ami11)

DOMINANT 7 VOICINGS
The dominant 7 chords are the most jazzy chords in my opinion. You can play the
dominant 7 chords with many different variations of the upper structure voicings. Here
are some examples:

Example 1:
D over C7. This results in a C13(#11) chord.
Example 2:
A over C7. This results in a C13(b9).
(Very nice to use when playing ”sweet” ballads)

Example 3:
Ab over C7. This results in a C7(#9#5)
(or you can call it a C7(b13#9))

Example 4:
F# over C7. This results in a C7(#11b9)

HOW TO USE THE UPPER STRUCTURE CHORDS:

TIP 1:
Play 3 and 7 with your left hand on the dominant 7 chords.

This will free up space for the upper structure chords.

Please note: You may also add the 13 to the left hand, but if you do:
only do this on an upper structure voicing that also has the 13th
note in the voicing. For example: D over C7 or A over C7. They both
have the 13th note (A).
(You can also play 3 and b7 in stead of b7 and 3 in your left hand)

TIP 2:
Vary the voicings you play when staying on a chord.
Since we have so many colors to pick from, we might want to create more tension by
varying what upper structure voicings we’ll play.

For example: If you stay for a long time on a C7 chord, play different versions of the upper
structure chords.

TIP 3:
Spread out your chords and double one note from the upper structure.

That makes a rich and big sound! In stead of playing an Ab

over C7(#9) or F#13 like on this image:

You can play it like this:

As you see, in this case I doubled the
Eb (the fifth note of the upper
structure), but you could also double
any of the others in stead

TIP 4:
Vary the alterations
This tip is similar to TIP 2, but I’d like to include it as a tip for itself. When you play a tune
and the melody repeats (keeping the same chords), the second time you play the melody:
try to play a different alteration.
TIP 5:
Create chromatic movements

To create a chromatic movement: Go up

a half step and back down when you play
a dominant 7. If you do this very quick,
people won’t notice – and it sounds
nice!
In this example: The original chord was a
D7. In stead: I played a B over Eb7 very
quick before landing on the D7 (played
as a Bb over D7)

TIP 6:
Fill and improvise by playing the notes from the upper structure voicings.

In other words: Use the upper structure chords as tools (cool notes) to play whenever
you’re working on improvising.

This could be:

One: Play patterns from the upper structure voicings as fills, or

Two: When you improvise over a tune, play the upperstructure voicings as arpeggios and
patterns.

TIP 7:
Are you playing with others?

Make sure you listen to whoever plays the melody – so you don’t choose the upper
structure voicings that would clash with the melody.

For example: If the trumpet player is playing the 13th note of a C7 chord as the melody,
then don’t play an Ab over C7 voicing

How to practice:
- Play the variations over the II-V-I chord progressions. (If you have a play-along track,
that will help you the most). (I cover all of this in greater detail in my Jazz Piano Step-by-
Step course).
- Exercise: Play the tune that came with this lesson. Test the upper structure voicings
over the melody. Make sure you choose a variant that doesn’t clash with the melody.

Good luck to you with everything!

Wish you the best!
- Gjermund Sivertsen