Question no 1:

Why do we learn complex variables?

For the same reason we study negative numbers, even though it's not possible to have a
negative of something. The word imaginary is a bit of a misnomer, as mathematics that
utilize imaginary numbers have a lot of real-world applications.
There are quite a few uses for them. In fact, Quantum Mechanics uses them heavily. The
wave function for systems like the hydrogen atom, particle on a ring, etc. have functional
forms with terms such as e-inx
There are also some interesting tricks you can do with them such as integrating equations
that would be hard to do in real space.
Using complex numbers simplifies mathematics, often a lot. For example, a harmonic
oscillation is represented by a function exp(i w t) in complex numbers, which is a lot
easier to work with than its real parts in(w t). If you want to calculate the measured signal
later, you can simply do your calculations with the complex number and then process it
through some algorithm into the reals (the easiest being just taking the real part, in QM
you take the absolute square). The same exponential function also allows to
accommodate absorption into the same quantity as oscillation by adding an imaginary
part to your 'frequency' w, which will lead to an oscillating exponential decay, a very
common signal.
Some mathematical manipulations, in particular the Fourier transform, are also vastly
easier to do with complex numbers.
Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable,
is the branch of mathematical analysis that investigates functions of complex numbers. It
is useful in many branches of mathematics, including algebraic geometry, number theory,
analytic combinatorics, applied mathematics; as well as in physics, including the
branches of hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and particularly quantum mechanics. By
extension, use of complex analysis also has applications in engineering fields such as
nuclear, aerospace, mechanical and electrical engineering.
Question no: 02
What are the objectives of learning complex variables?
The objective of this course is to introduce the fundamental ideas of the functions
of complex variables and developing a clear understanding of the fundamental
concepts of Complex Analysis such as analytic functions, complex integrals and
a range of skills which will allow students to work effectively with the concepts.

Moreover, to develop a sound knowledge of complex analysis on vector quantities and to

develop the skill related to complex analysis.
Moreover.
1. perform basic algebraic manipulation with complex numbers

2. understand the geometric interpretation of complex numbers

3. know methods of finding the nth roots of complex numbers and the solutions of
simple polynomial equations.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_analysis
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mathematics-and-
statistics/mathematics/introduction-complex-numbers/content-section---learningoutcomes
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/importance-of-complex-analysis.76215/