Problema 01-b: Considerando las deformaciones axiales.

Ensamblar la matriz de rigidez K, calcular las fuerzas en los

elementos de la estructura.

Datos:

E ≔ 200 GPa

-4 4
I ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 m

-3 2
A0 ≔ 6 ⋅ 10 m

Solución:

1. Grados de Libertad:

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2. Matriz de rigidez de cada elemento "Local":

⎡ E⋅A -E ⋅ A ⎤
⎢ ―― 0 0 ―― 0 0 ⎥
⎢ L L ⎥
⎢ 12 ⋅ E ⋅ I 6⋅E⋅I -12 ⋅ E ⋅ I 6 ⋅ E ⋅ I ⎥
⎢ 0 ――― ――― 0
3 2
―――――――⎥
3 2
⎢ L L L L ⎥
⎢ 6⋅E⋅I E⋅I -6 ⋅ E ⋅ I E⋅I ⎥
⎢ 0 ――― ――
2
L
0 ―――
2
―― ⎥
L
L L
K' = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ -E ⋅ A E⋅A ⎥
⎢ ―― 0 0 ―― 0 0 ⎥
L L
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 -12 ⋅ E ⋅ I -6 ⋅ E ⋅ I 12 ⋅ E ⋅ I -6 ⋅ E ⋅ I
―――― ――― 0 ――― ―――⎥
⎢ L
3
L
2
L
3
L
2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 6⋅E⋅I E⋅I -6 ⋅ E ⋅ I E⋅I ⎥
――― ―― 0 ――― ――
⎢⎣ L
2
L L
2
L ⎥⎦

Elemento AB: Lab ≔ 7.9998 m

⎡ 150.0038 0 0 -150.0038 0 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 0.9376 3.7502 0 -0.9376 3.7502 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 3.7502 20.0005 0 -3.7502 10.0003 ⎥ 3
K'ab = 10
⎢ -150.0038 0 0 150.0038 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 -0.9376 -3.7502 0 0.9376 -3.7502 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 3.7502 10.0003 0 -3.7502 20.0005 ⎦

Elemento BC: Lbc ≔ 9.00 m

⎡ 133.3333 0 0 -133.3333 0 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 0.6584 2.963 0 -0.6584 2.963 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 2.963 17.7778 0 -2.963 8.8889 ⎥ 3
K'bc = 10
⎢ -133.3333 0 0 133.3333 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 -0.6584 -2.963 0 0.6584 -2.963 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 2.963 8.8889 0 -2.963 17.7778 ⎦

3. Matriz de rigidez de cada elemento "Global":

Elemento AB: ϕi ≔ 22.025° ϕj ≔ 22.025°

⎡ 0.927 0.375 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ -0.375 0.927 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
0 0 1 0 0 0⎥
Tab = ⎢
T
Kab ≔ Tab ⋅ K'ab ⋅ Tab
⎢ 0 0 0 0.927 0.375 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 -0.375 0.927 0⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1 ⎥⎦

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 ⎡ 129.04 51.822 -1.406 -129.04 -51.822 -1.406 ⎤
⎢ 51.822 21.901 3.476 -51.822 -21.901 3.476 ⎥ ⎡0⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢0⎥
-1.406 3.476 20.001 1.406 -3.476 10 ⎢ ⎥
Kab = ⎢ ⎥ 10 3
⎢ -129.04 -51.822 1.406 129.04 51.822 1.406 ⎥ GLab = ⎢0⎥
⎢ -51.822 -21.901 -3.476 ⎢1⎥
51.822 21.901 -3.476 ⎥ ⎢2⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ -1.406 3.476 10 1.406 -3.476 20.001 ⎦ ⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦

Elemento BC: ϕi ≔ 0° ϕj ≔ 0°

⎡1 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 1 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
0 0 1 0 0 0⎥ T
Tbc = ⎢ Kbc ≔ Tbc ⋅ K'bc ⋅ Tbc
⎢0 0 0 1 0 0⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 1 0⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1 ⎥⎦
⎡1⎤
⎡ 133.333 0 0 -133.333 0 0 ⎤ ⎢2⎥
⎢ 0 0.658 2.963 0 -0.658 2.963 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ 3
⎢ 0 2.963 17.778 0 -2.963 8.889 ⎥ 3 GLbc = ⎢ ⎥
Kbc = 10 ⎢0⎥
⎢ -133.333 0 0 133.333 0 0 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢ 0 -0.658 -2.963 0 0.658 -2.963 ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 2.963 8.889 0 -2.963 17.778 ⎦

4. Matriz de rigidez de la estructura:

⎡ 262373.409 51821.803 1406.362 ⎤ ⎡1⎤

K = ⎢ 51821.803 22559.681 -513.537 ⎥ GL = 2 ⎥
⎢
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1406.362 -513.537 37778.278 ⎦ ⎣3⎦

5. Fuerzas de empotramiento:

Elemento BC:
⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ 18 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
27 ⎥
f'bc ≔ ⎢
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 18 ⎥
⎢⎣ -27 ⎥⎦

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 ⎡ 0⎤
⎢ 18 ⎥ ⎡1⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢2⎥
T 27 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
fbc ≔ Tbc ⋅ f'bc = ⎢ 3
⎢ 0⎥ GLbc = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 18 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢⎣ -27 ⎥⎦ ⎢0⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

femp. = fab + fbc

⎡ 0⎤
femp. = ⎢ 18 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 27 ⎦

6. Fuerzas concentradas:

⎡ 11.25 ⎤
fcon. = -27.81 ⎥
⎢
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

7. Matriz de fuerzas:

F ≔ fcon. - femp.

⎡ 11.25 ⎤
F = ⎢ -45.81 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ -27 ⎦

8. Desplazamientos:

F = K⋅u
⎡ 0.00082707 ⎤ m. ⎡1⎤
⋅ F = ⎢ -0.00394866 ⎥ rad GL = ⎢ 2 ⎥
-1
u≔K
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ -0.00079916 ⎦ rad ⎣3⎦

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.00082707 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ -0.00394866 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ -0.00079916 ⎥
uab = ubc =
⎢ 0.00082707 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ -0.00394866 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ -0.00079916 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

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9. Fuerzas en cada elemento:

Elemento AB:

⎡ 99.03 ⎤ ⎡ 107.12 ⎤
⎢ 40.84 ⎥ ton ⎢ ton
0.73 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ton ⎢ ⎥ton
6.9 ⎥ 6.9 ⎥
Fab ≔ Kab ⋅ uab = ⎢ ton.m F'ab ≔ Tab ⋅ Fab = ⎢ ton.m
⎢ -99.03 ⎥ ⎢ -107.12 ⎥
⎢ -40.84 ⎥ ton ⎢ -0.73 ⎥ton
⎢ -1.09 ⎥ ton ⎢ -1.09 ⎥ton
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
ton.m ton.m

Elemento BC:

⎡ 110.28 ⎤
⎢ 13.03 ⎥ ton
⎢ ⎥ ton
⎢ 1.09 ⎥
Fbc ≔ fbc + Kbc ⋅ ubc = ton.m
⎢ -110.28 ⎥
ton
⎢ 22.97 ⎥
⎢⎣ -45.8 ⎥⎦ ton

10. Reaciones en los apoyos:

Rax ≔ 99.03 kN Rcx ≔ -110.28 kN

Ray ≔ 40.84 kN Rcy ≔ 22.97 kN

Ma ≔ 6.9 kN ⋅ m Mc ≔ -45.8 kN

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11. Diagrama de Fuerzas Cortantes:

12. Diagrama de Momentos Flectores:

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13. Resultados del análisis con el programa SAP 2000:

Elemento AB:

Elemento BC:

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