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Determination of Hardness: Gargi Memorial Institute of Technology
Determination of Hardness: Gargi Memorial Institute of Technology
ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY
DETERMINATION OF HARDNESS
OBJECTIVE: To determine the hardness of a given Sample of water
INTRODUCTION:
Hard water are generally considered to be those waters that require considerable amount of soap to
produce a foam or lather and that also produce scale in hot water pipes, heaters, boilers and other
unit in which the temperature of water is increased materially. Hardness are caused by multivalent
metallic cat ions. Such ions are capable of reacting with soap to form precipitates and with certain
anion present in the water to form scale. The principle hardness causing cat ions are the divalent
calcium, magnesium, however strontium, ferrous ion, manganous ions which are normally present in
trace quantities in natural water, also cause hardness. The degree of hardness of drinking water has
been classified in terms of the equivalent CaCO3 concentration as follows:
Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and its sodium salts form a chelated soluble complex when
added to a solution of certain metal cat ions. If small amount of dye such as Erichrome Black T
indicator added to an aqueous solution containing calcium and magnesium ions at a pH 10.0 ± 0.1,
the solution will becomes wine red. When EDTA is added as a titrant, the Ca++ and Mg++ divalent ions
get chelated and sharp change of colour from wine red to blue which indicates complete chelation.
This is the end point of titration.
REAGENTS:
PROCEDURE:
RESULT:
CALCULATION:-
A= ml of titrant = ml
DISCUSSION-