The Flash Distillation Column T-100 is used to separate the phases in Flash Distillation

Feed Stream (S11) that has 2 phases in it into gas phase product and liquid phase product in
Flash Distillation Top Product (S9) and Flash Distillation Bottom Product (S10) respectively. It
is vital for the Temperature of Flash Distillation Column to be maintained at a temperature of
30°C. Besides that, gas flow out of the reactor have to be maintained at about 1 atm to prevent
pressure build up or near vacuum pressure in the Packed Bed Reactor. The level of liquid inside
the vessel has to be maintained to prevent overflow or underflow of the contents.

Firstly, it is appropriate to design a temperature control system. The disturbance in this

particular unit will be the temperature of Gaseous Reactor Product Stream (S7) the controlled
variable will be the condensate flow into E-101 while Temperature of Flash Distillation Column
will be the output. For this particular control system a feedback controller is used because the
disturbance which is temperature of Gaseous Reactor Product Stream (S7) may fluctuate
unpredictably due to the efficiency of heat transfer in the reactor.

Moving on now to consider on the way the controller works in this E-101 heat exchanger
unit if the temperature of Flash Distillation Column is too high. This change will be detected by
the TE-501 where this signal is then sent to TT-501 and to FY-500. FY-500 will compute an
appropriate condensate flowrate based on the current condensate flowrate which is detected by
FT-500, this will then cause the FV-500 to open accordingly until a temperature of 30°C in Flash
Distillation Column is achieved. Considering a lower temperature of Flash Distillation Column,
will then be detected by TE-501 and the appropriate corrective action will be computed by FY-
500 and the FV-500 will close accordingly until a temperature of 30°C in Reactor Feed Stream is
achieved.

By referring to the P&ID, an electrical signal connection between the instrumentation are
vital since the FT-501 and TE-500 are attach to a pipeline with a low temperature, thus, the
possibilities for the wire connection to melt will not happen.

It is also appropriate for design to be controlled by a pressure control system. The

disturbance in this particular unit will be the efficiency of the E-101 heat exchanger to convert
gaseous feed into two phase product before entering the flash distillation column. The controlled
variable will be the pressure at the Gaseous Flash Distillation Product Stream (S9) while the total
pressure at the top of the vessel will be the output. For this particular control system a feedback
controller is used because the disturbance which is efficiency of the E-101 heat exchanger to
convert gaseous feed into two phase product may fluctuate unpredictably.

Moving on now to consider on the way the controller works in this Flash Distillation
Column T-100, if the total pressure at the top of the vessel is more than 1 atm. PT-502 will detect
it, and this will then cause the FV-502 to open accordingly until the pressure drops back to 1 atm
at the top of vessel. Considering a lower total pressure at the top of the vessel, will then be
detected by PT-502 and the appropriate corrective action will be computed by PIC-502 and the
FV-502 will close accordingly until the pressure rises back to 1 atm at the top of vessel.

By referring to the P&ID, an electrical signal connection between the instrumentation are
vital since the PT-502 and PIC-502 are attach to a pipeline with a low temperature, thus, if an
electrical signal transmission is used the possibilities for the wire connection to melt will not
happen. Besides, a stop check valve is placed at Flash Distillation Feed Stream (S11) to prevent
back flow when the pressure in the vessel is too high and a stop check valve is placed at Gaseous
Flash Distillation Top Product (S9) to prevent back flow when the pressure in the vessel is too
low. A pressure relieve valve and fail open valve (FV502) is used to prevent explosion when the
control valve ends up failing or have already opened to its max but the pressure in the vessel is
too high.

It is also appropriate for the design to be controlled by a level controller. The disturbance
in this particular unit will be the efficiency of the E-101 heat exchanger to convert gaseous feed
into two phase product before entering the flash distillation column and also the flow rate of
Flash Distillation Feed Stream (S11). The controlled variable will be the flow rate of Flash
Distillation Bottom Product (S10) while the level of the liquid content in the vessel will be the
output. For this particular control system a feedback controller is used because the disturbance
which is efficiency of the E-101 heat exchanger to convert gaseous feed into two phase product
may fluctuate unpredictably along with the flow rate of Flash Distillation Bottom Product (S10).

Moving on now to consider on the way the controller works. When the level of liquid in
that vessel is detected to be too low by LT-503, an alarm will be triggered and a signal will be
sent to the LIC-503 which will close the FV-503 control valve until the level of liquid content in
the vessel is brought back to normal. When the level of liquid in that vessel is detected to be too
high by LT-503, an alarm will be triggered and a signal will be sent to the LIC-503 which will
open the FV-503 control valve to drain the content until the level of liquid in the vessel is
brought back to normal.

By referring to the P&ID, an electrical signal connection between the instrumentation are
vital since the LT-503 and LV-503 are attach to a pipeline with a low temperature, thus, if an
electrical signal transmission is used the possibilities for the wire connection to melt will not
happen. A stop check valve is placed before the valve to prevent back flow of the liquid content
back into the flash distillation column.