@)!
% h"g
jif{ % c+s &@
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(What is inside ?)
à cfofltt vfBfGg========================!
(Do not make joke about)
à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ (^ / (&===#
(Civic Test - Q/A no. 90)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $)=========$
(Most common Eng. words 40)
à d"q k|0ffnLsf c+ux¿==============$
(Organs of urinary system)
cfofltt vfBfGgsf] 8/
DofuL rfprfpdf ln8 (Lead;
lzzf) kfOPsf] ;dfrf/n] lgs}
rrf{ kfof] . ef/tdf
ag]sf] of] rfprfp cd]l/sfdf
klg a]Rg] ul/G5 . xfd|f w]/}
efG;fdf klg of] kfSg] u/]sf]
5 . ef/tLo ;/sf/n] o;df
ln8 ePsf] atfof] . lalqm aGb
u¥of] . g]kfndf klg o;sf]
lalqm aGb ul/of] .
sxfFaf6 cfof], ln8 <
rfprfpsf] sRrfkbfy{
d}bf, g'g, kfgL cflbdWo]
d}bf g} ln8sf] ;|f]t xf] .
Pl;of dxfb]zdf dfq} $)
k|ltzt ux'F rfprfp agfpg
k|of]u x'G5 .
s] xf] ln8 <
/f;folgs ¿kdf ln8÷lzzf
Ps wft' xf], h;nfO{ vfB
ΩΩ j}1flgsx¿n] ux|f}+ wft'
Ps cd]l/sLn] jif{sf] cf};t (Heavy metal; x]eL d]6n_ sf]
@ ;o ^) kfpG8 cfofltt vt/gfs ;d"xsf Sof8\dLod
vfBfGg vfG5 . of] eg]sf] (Cadmium), ds{/L (Mercury),
p;sf] s"n vfgfsf] sl/a cf;]{lgs (Arsenic) cflb;Fu}
!# k|ltzt xf] . /fv]sf 5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf ljZjsf ! ;o of] wft' jftfj/0fdf slxNo}
&) b]zaf6 vfBfGg gf; x'Fb}g . pbfx/0fM ln8
cfpF5 . oxfF cfpg] ldl;Psf] t/sf/L hgfj/n]
vfBfGgsf] dfqf k|To]s jif{ vfG5, / pSt hgfj/sf] df;'
a9\bf] 5 . ahf/df hfg'cl3 dfG5]n] vfPdf :jf:Yodf xflg
;/sf/n] vfB hfFRg] sfd k'¥ofpF5 . /, hgfj/ x'Fb}
klg ul//xG5 . dfG5]df clg d[To'kl5
ΩΩ km]l/ hdLgd} lagf–gf]S;fg
lzzf 3'ld/xG5 . xfd|f] z/L/df
lbdfu, sn]hf], lduf}{nf, xf8df
ln8 a:g] x'Fbf /ut tyf
bL3{sfnLg c;/ x]g{ bfFt jf
xf8df ln8sf] k/LIf0f ul/G5 .
cd]l/sfdf eg] ;g\ !(&)
 @

@)!% h"g, jif{ % c+s &@

eGbf cl3 ag]sf 3/x? hLjsf] df;'sf] vkt a9]sf]
/+ufpg k|of]u ePsf /+udf tYofª\s klg kfOG5 .
lzzf k|of]u ePsfn] o:tf s;n] lgu/fgL u5{ <
3/df a:g] gfgLx? k|efljt cGo b]zaf6 leœofOg]
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . of] lzzfn] vfBfGgsf] u'0f:t/
kfFr jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf lgu/fgL ug]{ sfd vfB tyf
gfgLnfO{ k|ToIf c;/ u5{ . cf}ifwL k|zf;g (Food and
cd]l/sfdf cfpg] vfBfGg Drug Administration, FDA)
Ps cd]l/sLn] jif{sf] cf};t n] u5{ . To;}n] cd]l/sf
@ ;o ^) kfpG8 cfofltt dGqfnon] lrgfPsf] Nofpg] tof/L ubf{ g} o;sf]
vfBfGg vfG5 . of] eg]sf] s[lif dGqfnon] g} sof}+ ljb]zL k"j{ hfgsf/L pSt lgsfonfO{
p;sf] s"n vfgfsf] sl/a !# pTkfbgnfO{ vfg of]Uo eg]/ lbPsf] x'g'k5{ .
k|ltzt xf] . cfˆgf] gfd lbg] u/]sf] 5 . /ftf] df;', s'v'/fsf] df;' /
cd]l/sfdf ljZjsf ! ;o o:t} pbfx/0fdf dfly tl:a/ c08f h'g b]zaf6 Nofpg] eP
&) b]zaf6 vfBfGg cfpF5 . ePsf] Pp6f lrof ef/tdf klg cd]l/sL dfkb08cg';f/
oxfF cfpg] vfBfGgsf] dfqf ag]sf] xf] . o;nfO{ s[lif x'g'k5{ .
k|To]s jif{ a9\bf] 5 . kl5Nnf] dGqfno (USDA) n] cUof{lgs vfBfGgsf oL ;d:of
tYof+s x]g]{ xf] eg] cd]l/sfnfO{ (Organic) xf] eg]sf] 5 . vfBfGgsf o:tf ;d:ofx?
rflxn] vfBfGgdWo] *^ k|ltzt af/Daf/ cfO/xG5g\ . lsgeg]
;d'b|af6 kfOg] vfg]s'/f -df5f x'g] hn–hLj t caf}{+ 8n/ oxfFsf] ;/sf/n] o:tf
cflb_, %) k|ltzt kmnkm"n sf] cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . rLgdf vfBfGgdfly lg/Gt/ hfFrsf]
/ @) k|ltzt t/sf/L cGo Jofkf/sf nflu klg df5f ;Sbf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .
d'n'saf6 cfpF5 . cflbsf] pTkfbg w]/} x'g] olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg :ofpsf]
cGo b]zdf dhb"/L vr{ sd u/]sf] 5 . h';df cf;]{lgs, gfgLx?nfO{
nfUgfn] cGoqaf6 leœofpg' tfhf kmnkm"n / ;'sfOPsf v'jfpg] kmd"{nfdf d]nfdfOg
;:tf] k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu kmnkm"n -5f]s8f, ls;ld;, (Melamine), rfdndf
oxfF :ofp kmnfpg'eGbf cGo sfh', bfnlrgL cflb_ rLg– Sof8\dLod, ;'Fu'/sf] df;'df
b]zaf6 Nofpg' w]/} ;:tf] k5{ .afx]s sf]:6fl/sf / d]lS;sf]– af]/]S; (Borax), Rofpdf lAnr
;a}eGbf a9L sxfFaf6 cfpF5 < af6 cfpF5 . of] jif]{lg a9\bf] (Bleach), e6\df; cflb ld;fP/
aflx/af6 cfpg] vfB ;d"xdf 5 . o;afx]s o:tf ;'sfOPsf agfPsf] ;f]of ;; (Soy sauce)
tfhf df5f, vk6fdf x'g] kmnkm"n clk|msf, ef/t, leotf– df cf;]{lgs kfOPsfn] rLgaf6
hn–hLj, kmnkm"n / ;'s]sf gfd, blIf0f cd]l/sL b]zx?af6 o:tf vfB Nofpg /f]s
kmnkm"n, u'lnof] vfBfGg, jfOg cfpF5 . tfhf kmnkm"nx? eg] nufOPsf pbfx/0f 5g\ .
/ lao/ k5{g\ . e"–dWo /]vf Sofg8f, d]lS;sf], lrnL, k]? s] ug]{ <
j/k/sf :yfgdf pAhg] cflb b]zaf6 cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . à vfB tyf cf}ifwL k|zf;g
t/sf/Lx? w]/} k7fpg]df (FDA) sf] j]a;fO6 x]g]{ .
;a}h;f] vfB zt k|ltzt
à ;dfrf/ k9\g], ;'Gg] jf
aflx/af6 cfpF5g\ . egf}+ g d]lS;sf] k5{ . To;kl5
Sofg8f, k]? cflb b]z k5{g\ . x]g]{ afgL ug]{ .
slkm, rsn]6 cflb agfpFbf
à ;fyLefO, Oi6ldq cflb;Fu
rflxg] sf]sf]cf (Cocoa), /ftf] df;' c? b]zaf6 klg
ukmufkm ug]{ afgLn] o:tf
lrof zt k|ltzt cGo b]zaf6 cfpF5 . ufO{sf] df;' k7fpg]df
hfgsf/L kfOG5 .
cfpF5 . o:tf lrhsf] oxfF Sofg8f cuf8L 5 . To;kl5
à tof/L vfBfGgM a§f,
pTkfbg z'Go a/fa/ 5 . Go'lhNof08, p?Uj], / ci6«]lnof
y}nf], kf]sf] cflbsf k|zf]lwt
rLgaf6 dfq df5f, vk6fdf k5{g\ . kl5Nnf jif{x?df cGo vfgfdf cvfB x'g] ;+efjgf
a9L x'G5 . tfhf vfg]s'/f
:j:y x'G5g\ .
-cd]l/sfdf ln8÷lzzfsf] ljiffSttfaf/]
yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu …cIfl/sfÚsf]
;g\ @)!@ cu:t c+s x]g'{xf];\ ._
#
@)!% h"g, jif{ % c+s &@

cd]l/sfsf] em08fsf t]x| kftf / krf; tf/f

gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] chusetts), ;fpy – lsgeg] k|To]s tf/fn] Pp6f
lstfasf] k|Zg gDa/ (^ tyf Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina), /fHo hgfpF5g\ (because each
(& / ltgsf pQ/M Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire), star represents a state) .
à cd]l/sfsf] em08fdf lsg !# elh{lgof (Virginia), Go'of]s{ – lsgeg] oxfF %) /fHo 5g\
kftf 5g\ < (Why does the flag (New York), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (because there are 50
have 13 stripes?) (North Carolina), / /f]8 states) .
– lsgeg] oxfF !# j6f d"n a:tL cfONofG8 (Rhode Island) ••
lyP (because there were 13 x'g\ . To;}n] xfdL cd]l/sL cd]l/sL em08fsf] s'gfsf]
original colonies) em08fnfO{ …tf/fx¿ / kftfx¿Ú rf/kf6] gLnf] k[i7e"lddf %)
– lsgeg] oL kftfn] z'?sf a:tL sf] eG5f}+ . tf/f 5g\ . k|To]s %) tf/fn]
hgfpF5g\ (because the stripes cd]l/sf :jtGq d'n's ag]sf] %) /fHo hgfpF5g\ . sfnf–
represent the original !* jif{;Dd em08fdf !# kftf Gt/df cd]l/sL em08fdf ePsf
colonies) . lyP . ;g\ !&($ df !# tf/f a9]/ %) k'u]sf x'g\ .
• • s]G6sL (Kentucky) / ed{G6 ;g\ !(%( df cd]l/sL
cd]l/sL em08fdf gLnf], (Vermont) gofF /fHosf ¿kdf em08fdf tf/fsf] ;+Vof %)
/ftf] / ;]tf] /+u k|of]u ePsf] k|j]z u/], clg b'O{ kftf k'u]sf] xf], ha xjfO{ (Hawaii)
5 . s'gfsf] rf/kf6] gLnf] ylkP . ;g\ !*!* df s+u|];n] cd]l/sfsf] %) cf}+ /fHo
k[i7e"lddf %) tf/f 5g\ . oL em08fdf kftf ;w}+ !# g} aGof] .
%) tf/fn] %) cd]l/sL /fHo x'g'k5{ eGg] lg0f{o u¥of] . pQm ;g\ !&&& df bf];|f]
hgfpF5g\ . dflyaf6 tntkm{ lg0f{osf] cfzo !# kftfn] dxfb]lzo s+u|];n] em08f;DaGwL
!# j6f t];f{ kftf 5g\ . oL d'n's :jtGq x'Fbfsf a]nfotL klxnf] P]g Nofof], To;df
;]tf / /ftf kftfn] cd]l/sfsf pklgj]zsf !# /fHosf] ;Ddfg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, …kfl/t eof],
z'?df !# /fHo hgfpF5g\ . u5{ eGg] xf] . cd]l/sfsf] of] em08fdf t]x|
tL /fHoM 8]nfj/ (Delaware), à cd]l/sfsf] em08fdf lsg %) j6f Pskl5 csf]{ /ftf] /
k]G;ne]lgof (Pennsylvania), tf/f 5g\ < (Why does the flag ;]tf] ub}{ kftf x'g]5g\, h;df
Go'h;L{ (New Jersey), hlh{of have 50 stars?) ;+3sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ gLnf]
(Georgia), sg]l6s6 (Con- – lsgeg] Pp6f /fHosf nflu k[i7e"dLdf ;]tf t]x| tf/fx¿sf]
necticut), d]l/Nof08 (Mary- Pp6f tf/f xf] (because there x'g]5g\, To;n] gofF tf/fd08n
land), df;fr';]6\; (Massa- is one star for each state) hgfpF5 .
 $

@)!% h"g, jif{ % c+s &@

c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 40
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 $) cf}+ ;"rL -efu $)_
• client : 7Kk ug'{, lrlDng', ;dfKt ug'{ 9flsg', ;+lbUw x'g', clgi6
gfd– sfg"gL jf cGo jf x'g', k"/f ug'{ . ;"rs x'g', ck;u'gL x'g',
Joj;foLaf6 ;]jf k|fKt gfd÷ljz]if0f– aGb, 7Kk, xKk, 9fSg', ?Flbg', w'lDdg', abnL
ug]{ JolSt, emul8of, u|fxs, u'lD;Psf], u'Kt, 3gf, cj;fg, x'g', afblng', cFWof/f] x'g', pbf;
;]jfu|fxL, sfof{yL{, cfl>t, glhs, j/, ;fFv'Nn], ;fy, x'g', aflkmg' .
d'jlSsn, SnfoG6 . lgs6, ;lGgs6, 3lgi7, gfd– ?Fb, afbn, d]3, hnjfx,
• climate : lgolGqt, uf9f, ;dflKt, k|fKt s6f, cDa'w/, s'g} rLhsf] Ps}
gfd– xfjfkfgL, hnjfo', ug{ sl7g, nueu . tkm{ rNg] ;xdlt .
cfjxjf, l:ylt, jftfj/0f, • closely : • club :
nIf0f, ;d'bfo jf hdfgfsf] ljz]if0f– Wofg lbP/, u'Kt lqmof– lk6\g', 8G8fn] xfGg',
k|j[lQ cyjf efj . ?kn], ;fjwfgLn], ;"Idtfåf/f, ldNg', ;femf x'g', ubfn] xfGg',
• climb : bQlrQ eP/ . nf7f]n] lk6\g', Ps 7fpFdf
lqmof– pSng', r9\g', dfly • closer : hDdf x'g', Sna agfpg' .
hfg', pFef] nfUg', cf/f]x0f ug'{, gfd– cem glhs, cem 5]p . gfd– ubf, n6\7L, nf7f], d]ns,
psfnf] nfUg' . • closet : d08n, uf]i7L, uf]nf -kmnfd]_
gfd– pSnfO, r9fO, cf/f]x0f, lqmof– s;};Fu uf]Ko s'/f] ug'{, . c8\8f, Sna, ;ef .
psfnf] . gfd– ;fgf] sf]7f, uf]Ko s'/f– • cm :
• clock : sfgL ug]{ sIf, b/fh÷cfndf/L . gfd– ;]lG6ld6/ (centimeter)
lqmof– ;do cjlw k~hLs[t ljz]if0f– PsfGtdf a;]/ sfd sf] 5f]6s/L .
ug'{, ;do n]Vg' jf /]s8{ ug'{ . ug]{, ;}4flGts, uf]Ko ?kaf6 • coach :
gfd– 7"nf] 38L, uf]nLufF7f]sf] sfo{ ug]{ . lqmof– v]n l;sfpg', cltl/St
efudf /flvPsf] a'§f . • cloth/ clothing : k9fOg' . la6 dfbf{dfb}{
• close : gfd– n'uf, sk8f, j:q, kf]zfs, gfd– /fhsLo ;jf/L, /]nsf] cfF ug]{ d'vnfO{
lqmof– aGb ug'{ jf x'g' -lasf]{, cfj/0f, n'ufkmf6f] . 8Aaf, a; -nfdf] ofqfsf]_, lghL of] cfF ug]{ d'v / slxNo}
9f]sf, sf]7f, ;8s, k;n, sf/f] • cloud : df:6/, v]n lzIfs . gel/g] k]6nfO{ slt yf]s
af/ cflb_ y'Gg', 6fNg', nfpg', lqmof– d]3n] 9fSg', d]3af6 qmdzM rflxg] < To;}n] xf]nf d'v /
k]6sf s'/f w]/ x'G5g\ . x]/f}+
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿ g pvfg, æclgsfnsf] eft
d"q k|0ffnL vfg 7'nf] d'v cfF u/Æ, ævfg]
d'vnfO{ h'Fufn] 5]Sb}gÆ,
lk;fa agfpg] k|0ffnLnfO{ x'g] y}nL . ælrKnf d'vsf], wldnf] k]6Æ,
d"q k|0ffnL (Urinary system) à d"qdfu{ (Urethra): æltqfsf] d'v} a}/LÆ, æxflQsf]
elgG5 . o;df of}g c+ux? d"qfzoaf6 lk;fa aflx/ hfg] d'vdf lh/fÆ, æ;:tf] a];fxf k]6
klg x'G5g\ . o; k|0ffnLsf c+u . k'?ifsf] z/L/af6 jLo{ nfuL d/Æ cflb cflb .
c+usf gfd lbOPsf] 5M klg aflx/ lg:sG5 . dfG5] d'v / k]6 dfq lnP/
à d[uf}nf (Kidney): /utaf6 d"qdfu{n] k'?ifsf] hGdb}g . cfFvf, sfg, gfs
v/fa tÎjx? cnu u/]/ d"qfª\u÷lnª\u (Penis) ;Fu lnP/ hGdG5 . h;nfO{ cfFvf,
lk;fasf ?kdf aflx/ k7fpg] ldn]/ sfd u5{ . sfg, gfsn] ;fy lb+b}gg\ .
z/L/leq d]?b08sf] tNnf] à d"q lj1fg (Urology): ljj]sn] sfd ubf]{ xf] . kl/jf/,
efusf] bfofF afofF /xg] hf]8L d"qlj1fg, lk;faaf/] j}1flgs Oi6ldq, ;dfh, b]zn] sfd
cjoj . lg:sg] gnL . ?kdf cWoog ug]{ lrlsT;f ubf{ x'g\ . To;}n] cfkm"n] vfg]
à d"qaflxgL÷gnL (Ureter): lj1fgsf] zfvf . vfBaf/] hfGg vf]Hg' w]/} /fd|f]
à d"qfzo÷d"qy}nL÷lk;fa
x'G5 . sf]lz; u/] s] lau|G5
lk;fanfO{ d"qfzo;Dd jf y}nL (Bladder): d"qdfu{af6 à d"q/f]u ljz]if1 (Urologist):
/<
aflx/ k'‍¥ofpg] d[uf}nfaf6 lk;faaflx/ lg:sg'cl3 hDdf d"q/f]uaf/] hfGg] JolSt . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/,
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya