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NMR
NMR
Spectroscopy
Hugh Benhardt
February 29, 2008
Outline
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
Modern applications
Purpose of NMR Spectroscopy
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
– Carbon13 NMR
– Hydrogen1 (Proton1) NMR
– High frequency NMR
– Solid-state NMR
Modern applications
Carbon13 NMR
Carbon13
– Not commonly found in nature
– Only carbon with nuclear spin
Weak signals produce “noisy” results
Signal averaging
– Eliminates background noise
– Increases time of procedure
FT-NMR
– Pulse of energy covers range of frequency at a constant
magnetic field strength
– Records signals simultaneously
– Fourier transforms manipulate data to produce normal
spectrum
Chemical Shift of Carbon Atoms
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
– Carbon13 NMR
– Hydrogen1 (Proton1) NMR
– High frequency NMR
– Solid-state NMR
Modern applications
Hydrogen1 NMR
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
– Carbon13 NMR
– Hydrogen1 (Proton1) NMR
– High frequency NMR
– Solid-state NMR
Modern applications
High Frequency NMR
Complex chemical
compounds have more
overlap of absorption
peaks due to multiple
electronic environments
Increasing field strength
produces a much larger
spectrum
Absorption peaks are
more spread out
Easier for interpretation
of results
Outline
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
– Carbon13 NMR
– Hydrogen1 (Proton1) NMR
– High frequency NMR
– Solid-state NMR
Modern applications
Solid-State NMR (SSNMR)
Solution-state NMR
– Solution: signal averaging compensates for anisotropic
interactions
– Solids:
Molecules held still; no signal averaging
Interactions broaden spectral lines: less resolution
Solid-state NMR
– Magic Angle Spinning (MAS): spinning sample at the magic
angle with respect to the direction of the magnetic field
– Decoupling of nuclear spin interactions
– Increases resolution of NMR spectra
Outline
NMR theory
Introduction to NMR spectroscopy
Methods of NMR spectroscopy
Modern applications
– Chemistry
– Biology
– Medicine
Chemistry
Protein NMR
– Obtain structural information on
complex proteins
– Multidimensional experiments
needed to correlate frequencies
with distinct nuclei
Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
– Insight into the structure of the
human body
– Sharp contrast in soft tissue
Clinical applications
– Cardiovascular system
– Musculoskeletal system
– Oncology
– Neurology
Summary