Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Academy of Political Science Political Science Quarterly
The Academy of Political Science Political Science Quarterly
The Academy of Political Science Political Science Quarterly
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Political Science Quarterly
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Volume XXXIII] December, 1918 [Number 4
POLITICAL SCIENCE
QUARTERLY
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
462 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 41 THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 463
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
464 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 465
Exports Imports
1905 . . . . . . . . . . $6,986,o98 $2,736,828
I906 . . . .. 6,536,378 4,o65,437
1907 .. .. 7,628,356 4,948,96I
908 . . . . . . . . . . 9,396,487 4,767,775
1909 . . .. 8, 13,690 4,425,913
I9I0 . ... 0,849,623 6,257,69I
I9II . . . . . . . . IO,995,546 6,949,662
1912 . . . . . . . . . . I2,385,248 8,217,898
1913 .. . . 0,469,947 9,272,278
1914 .. . . 0,588,787 6,729,007
1915 . . . . 15,209,06I 9,II8,514
I9i6... 21,527,873 ii,664,430
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
466 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
19-15 1916
Sugar (raw). . . . . . . $7,671,383 $12,028,297
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . 9 . . 195,782 295,622
Molasses (of sugar) .. . . ..0. .. IO,023 120,738
Cacao. 4,863,754 5,958,669
Tobacco leaf.972,896 1,433,323
Coffee. 458,431 316,827
Goat skins and cattle hides .270,356 334,665
Bananas. i66,434 172,615
Wax . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 1I3,050 111,415
19'5 19z6
Cotton, and manufactures of . . . $1,913,143 $1,721,534
Iron and steel, and manufactures of. 1,200,8I0 1,562,367
Rice . . . . . . . . 908,876 I,o80,o68
Wheat flour and other breadstuffs . 692,544 737,713
Provisions, meat, and dairy products 541,408 530,195
Wood and manufactures of . . . . . . 242,051 317,421
Oils. 514,111 545,284
Fibres (vegetable) and manufactures of. 360,ooo 508,644
Leather, and manufactures of . . . . . 296,799 385,518
Fish and fish products . . . . . . . . 262,580 309,204
Chemicals, drugs, and dyes .... . . 200,509 293.072
Vehicles and boats. . . . . . . . . 146,143 408,832
Agricultural implements . . . . 77,238 121,830
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 41 THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 467
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
468 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
I Cf. Report, p. 4.
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 469
_ + + N 0 0 N o- X roo V cr N en I
ON o 0\O 0 0?' to " - en Olt- 0
.; .) . c. .. 6 "A. . 6 r..- . .. -
. 'o00"0o0o0 en 0 NM o k. % 0 0 o t o
0 N -6ZooD en 4 r 4
en n - N- N ~ 0
\10 00 0 \1 en en. 0 ( o en 0 %o O O t 00 d
00 %O e4 --d CN +" ne u 0
ooen e8 0 e 0n
1., 00 -00 d _ - 00 Nc - II d, (
~~o "O ~ ~ t- v~ ZN , 1 U L
O N t.~ ") ON- N) e dbO %C'0 _ "+ 1
- \~~~~~~~~~~~~~.0\0 t)
s o oN0 1"\1 00 oo 8
c 'ONZ W 06' t' NO LA)0 N 0 in
,oen 0 , ~o ve O4 e~ 00 in ce O
do t00 0e en _ mOo e \0+ tId 0
0 t- Ni
c\ 0 o\ -00
-- 6
I' t-o C\ \ ~-
o *0
0s
00 \O cPI e; 6 \O00'
r- - -1- - 00 en ~o N
I + O NO
I?0 0 N 00
0 u0 000 -
. ON ce\Oe;
0 N
_ No
_ en
0 ~ ~~~~ ., .r0 . A0 *00-
\ * e
. .t
00~ 00
. . *. 4
en\O O^ -~\0 b0 to-0 O
eN~~~~~~~~~ Ch _ 0e C 0S
Nn 8r-_
s 0 69. CT , t b
00'o 0\ rlt-N en eone N0 N
z - -0''t0~in64c 0 0 0
74 e)0 e;O
ef~~~~~00~~~f~~
4 \hOo n '0 cn
N x _ 0 6?
0 -0 N N N0 0*' *
0-0
00 00 - _
" c0N ~~
'o000~~t~ N *t..e~~~
-O 0 * I 'I ~~
0 00
i 00
*
N _N _P' N O 0 O
C~~~~~ ~~~ CT
c;CT r
0^004
en -0 %O O m
'.CT . O*
4b** cre
0 ~*'
N 0\
en n
0'i N8
\ 0)
- 14 . 0
NN
_ _
% N
__~~~E.
*_0.0. .. 0*
. - 0O0s
I
N-0 00c,r~ q0 8 . ct_C's
.= Q 0 -4-.CNI . . ,E
I -h t ItO* n * s}-
Co If No - O XO _E v _n 0.: N I' t- N I
, 0 n , ) u* 1 *M ) e0 cd 00 * *1 I oq
C:h w 04 uo E8s E- C4 " i) * "O * - I <
C * 0 4)d 0
C's C co 0 cd 0 -e I
tD r. ) ci4)t C4 > >
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
470 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
revenue in the preceding table since before that date the re-
ceivership's fiscal year was not the calendar year:
Total. $45,682,114.97
GROSS REVENUE
Duties on imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,380,oo0
Duties on exports ..... . . . ... ..... . 300,000
Port dues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .. 120,000
Consular fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,000
Wharfage taxes. .. . 200,000
Alcohol tax . . . .250,000
Stamp tax. . . . . . . . . . .280,000
Stamped paper. . . . . . . . . . I60,000
Dominican Central Railroad ... . 320,000
Sale of postage stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000
Telegraph and telephone. . . ... 20,000
Radiograph. . . 5,ooo
Rentals. ....... . . . . . . . . ...... . 500
Tax on auction sales . . .500
Registry fees (post office) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 7,000
Rent of post-office boxes . ...5.0.0. . . . . . . S??
Fees for registration of trade-marks. 500
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 47I
(Continued.)
Interest on deposits .... ............ 20,000
Registry fees, licenses and fines imposed by the new high-
way law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000
Unexpended balance of receipts under Executive Order
No. 88 (bonding of employes) ....... . . . . 25,000
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . I . . 1,000
APPROPRIATIONS
Total $3,163,000.00
I In the budget of I9I8 there has been excluded an item of $25,000, being the
unexpended balance of funds appropriated in 1917 to pay the government's share of
the premiums for the bonding of employes. This is not, strictly speaking, revenue.
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
472 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 41 THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 473
Total. $82,632
1 Cf. Constitution, Art. 24, par. 2; Art. 35, par. 31; Art. 78. Also Ley de
Comunes, Art. 32, par. 27; Art. 43-45.
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
474 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VoL XXXIII
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 475
(Continued.)
24. Municipal theaters ...... . 720 720
25. Road tax (poll tax) . ..... 2,455 14,250
26. Tax on entry of vessels. .886 I,300
27. Fines . .3,527 7,337
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
476 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
'Customs and octroi duties include the following items from the previous detailed
table: Nos. II, 14, 15, 26, 29 and 3I. Excise taxes include nos. 2 and 3. Licenses
and business taxes include nos. I, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, i6, I7, i8, 19, 32 and 33. Prop-
erty taxes include nos. 12 and 30. Fees include nos. 4, 13 and 21. Although a
net revenue is probably obtained from these sources in all or most of the communes,
they must still be classed as fees according to their nature. Prices include nos. lO,
20, 22, 23 and 24.
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 477
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
478 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VoL XXXIII
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 41 THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
480 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY [VOL. XXXIII
any particular part of the original tract as passing to the pur-
chaser. Loss and destruction of the records of these transac-
tions was common. There was also wholesale fraud. Titles
were counterfeited, often with the aid of dishonest notaries.
An owner would often sell shares representing many times his
whole interest. The result of centuries of this sort of thing is
a chaos of land titles that is hard to imagine. No survey of
the land has ever been made. The bulk of the land is in these
undivided tracts. A mass of peso-titles is scattered over the
country, some genuine, some counterfeit, all subject to suspic-
ion. The peso values expressed in these titles have of course
no relation to the real value of the land. As to any given
tract, there is no way of telling certainly its area, location,
value, or ownership, or how many peso-titles may be outstand-
ing against it. As to any given peso-title, there is no way of
telling certainly its genuineness, its value, or the land to which
it refers.
The actual occupation of land has little reference to the
ownership of titles. Many owners of titles have never occu-
pied their lands. Others have occupied and cultivated parts
of their tract with scant regard to the rights of the other peso
owners. Much of the land is in possession and use of squatters
who have no title whatever. The abundance of fertile land has
made such informal possession an easy development.
Disputes between various co-owners and between co-owners
and squatters had arisen in the eighteenth century, and in 1754
a judge was appointed to examine titles and protect the legiti-
mate owners. To certain of these there were issued amparos
reales. These titles, however, did not extinguish the existing
peso-titles, and those that exist to-day simply add to the
confusion.
It is a difficult matter to decide as between the present rights
of squatters and title holders. The Dominican laws make cer-
tain provision for obtaining prescriptive title by adverse pos-
session, but their meaning is not clear. In particular their
application to terrenos comuneros is uncertain, and they have
had little effect in clearing up the tangle. Certain legal pro-
cesses are also provided for obtaining a division of communal
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
No. 4] THE PUBLIC FINANCE OF SANTO DOMINGO 48i
This content downloaded from 180.254.125.49 on Sat, 03 Mar 2018 18:45:30 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms