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INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
2.1 Overview
π
y = sec–1x R– (–1,1) [0,π] –
2
–π π
y = tan–1x R ,
2 2
y = cot–1x R (0,π)
Notes:
(i) The symbol sin–1x should not be confused with (sinx)–1. Infact sin–1x is an
angle, the value of whose sine is x, similarly for other trigonometric functions.
(ii) The smallest numerical value, either positive or negative, of θ is called the
principal value of the function.
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 19
⎛ –π π ⎞
tan–1(tan x) = x : x ∈⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
cot–1(cot x) = x : x ∈ ( 0, π )
π
sec–1(sec x) = x : x [0, π] –
2
–π π
cosec–1(cosec x) = x : x , – {0}
2 2
2. sin (sin–1 x) = x : x ∈[–1,1]
cos (cos–1 x) = x : x ∈[–1,1]
tan (tan–1 x) = x : x ∈R
cot (cot–1 x) = x : x ∈R
sec (sec–1 x) = x : x ∈R – (–1,1)
cosec (cosec–1 x) = x : x ∈R – (–1,1)
1
3. sin –1 cosec –1 x : x ∈R – (–1,1)
x
1
cos –1 sec –1 x : x ∈R – (–1,1)
x
20 MATHEMATICS
1
tan –1 cot –1 x : x>0
x
= – π + cot–1x : x<0
4. sin–1 (–x) = –sin–1x : x ∈[–1,1]
cos–1 (–x) = π−cos–1x : x ∈[–1,1]
tan–1 (–x) = –tan–1x : x ∈R
cot–1 (–x) = π–cot–1x : x ∈R
sec–1 (–x) = π–sec–1x : x ∈R –(–1,1)
cosec–1 (–x) = –cosec–1x : x ∈R –(–1,1)
π
5. sin–1x + cos–1x = : x ∈[–1,1]
2
π
tan–1x + cot–1x = : x ∈R
2
π
sec–1x + cosec–1x = : x ∈R–[–1,1]
2
x y
6. tan–1x + tan–1y = tan–1 1 – xy : xy < 1
⎛ x− y ⎞
; xy > –1
tan–1x – tan–1y = tan–1 ⎜⎝ 1 + xy ⎟⎠
2x
7. 2tan–1x = sin–1 : –1 ≤ x ≤ 1
1 x2
1 – x2
2tan–1x = cos–1 : x≥0
1 x2
2x
2tan–1x = tan–1 : –1 < x < 1
1 – x2
2.2 Solved Examples
Short Answer (S.A.)
3
Example 1 Find the principal value of cos–1x, for x = .
2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 21
3
3
Solution If cos –1
2 = θ , then cos θ = .
2
3
Since we are considering principal branch, θ ∈ [0, π]. Also, since > 0, θ being in
2
3 π
the first quadrant, hence cos–1 2 = .
6
–π
Example 2 Evaluate tan–1 sin .
2
–π ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ π
Solution tan–1 sin = tan–1 ⎜ − sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ = tan–1(–1) = − .
2 ⎝ 2
⎝ ⎠⎠ 4
13π
Example 3 Find the value of cos–1 cos .
6
13π ⎛ π ⎞ –1 ⎛ π⎞
Solution cos–1 cos
6
= cos–1 ⎜ cos (2π + ) ⎟ = cos ⎜ cos ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
π
= .
6
9π
Example 4 Find the value of tan–1 tan .
8
9π ⎛ π⎞
Solution tan–1 tan = tan–1 tan ⎜ π + ⎟
8 ⎝ 8⎠
–1 ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ π
= tan ⎜ tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ =
⎝ ⎝ 8 ⎠⎠ 8
Example 5 Evaluate tan (tan (– 4)).
–1
π ⎛1⎞ 2π π π
= − π + cos –1 ⎜ ⎟ = − + =− .
3 ⎝2⎠ 3 3 3
–1 –1 3
Example 7 Evaluate: sin cos sin 2 .
–1 –1 3 π –1 1 π
Solution sin cos sin sin –1 cos = sin .
2 3 2 6
Example 8 Prove that tan(cot–1x) = cot (tan–1x). State with reason whether the
equality is valid for all values of x.
Solution Let cot–1x = θ. Then cot θ = x
π π
or, tan – θ = x ⇒ tan –1 x = – θ
2 2
⎛π ⎞ ⎛π –1 ⎞
So tan(cot x) = tan θ = cot ⎜ – θ ⎟ = cot ⎜ − cot x ⎟ = cot(tan x)
–1 –1
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
The equality is valid for all values of x since tan–1x and cot–1x are true for x ∈ R.
⎛ –1 y ⎞
Example 9 Find the value of sec ⎜ tan ⎟.
⎝ 2⎠
y ⎛ π π⎞ y
Solution Let tan
–1
=θ , where θ ∈ ⎜ − , ⎟ . So, tanθ = ,
2 ⎝ 2 2⎠ 2
4 y2
which gives secθ= .
2
⎛ y⎞ 4 + y2
Therefore, sec ⎜ tan –1 ⎟ = secθ = .
⎝ 2⎠ 2
–1 8
Example 10 Find value of tan (cos–1x) and hence evaluate tan cos .
17
Solution Let cos–1x = θ, then cos θ = x, where θ ∈ [0,π]
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 23
1 – cos 2 θ 1 – x2
Therefore, tan(cos–1x) = tan θ = = .
cosθ x
2
⎛ 8⎞
1– ⎜ ⎟
Hence ⎛ 8⎞ ⎝ 17 ⎠ 15 .
tan ⎜ cos –1 ⎟ = =
⎝ 17 ⎠ 8 8
17
–1 –5
Example 11 Find the value of sin 2cot
12
⎛ –5 ⎞ −5
Solution Let cot–1 ⎜ ⎟ = y . Then cot y = .
12
⎝ ⎠ 12
–1 –5
Now sin 2cot = sin 2y
12
12 –5 ⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
= 2siny cosy = 2 ⎢since cot y < 0, so y ∈⎜ 2 , π ⎟ ⎥
13 13 ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
–120
169
–1 1 4
Example 12 Evaluate cos sin sec –1
4 3
1 4 ⎡ –1 1 3⎤
Solution cos sin
–1
sec –1 = cos ⎢sin + cos –1 ⎥
4 3 ⎣ 4 4⎦
–1 1 3 1 3
= cos sin cos cos –1 – sin sin –1 sin cos –1
4 4 4 4
2 2
3 1 1 3
= 4 1– 4 –
4
1–
4
3 15 1 7 3 15 – 7
= 4 4 –4 4 16
.
24 MATHEMATICS
3 17 π
Example 13 Prove that 2sin–1 – tan–1 =
5 31 4
3 3 ⎡ −π π ⎤
Solution Let sin–1 = θ, then sinθ = , where θ ∈ ⎢ , ⎥
5 5 ⎣ 2 2⎦
3 3
Thus tan θ = , which gives θ = tan–1 .
4 4
3 17
Therefore, 2sin–1 – tan–1
5 31
17 3 17
= 2θ – tan–1 = 2 tan–1 – tan–1
31 4 31
⎛ 3 ⎞
⎜ 2. ⎟ 17
tan –1 ⎜ 4 ⎟ – tan –1 24 17
= 31 = tan–1 − tan –1
⎜ 1– 9 ⎟ 7 31
⎝ 16 ⎠
⎛ 24 17 ⎞
⎜ − ⎟
tan –1 ⎜ 7 31 ⎟ π
= =
⎜ 1+ 24 . 17 ⎟ 4
⎝ 7 31 ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⎜ 7+8 ⎟ –1 1
–1
tan ⎜ ⎟ + tan 1 1
= 1 1 18 (since x . y = . < 1)
⎜ 1− × ⎟ 7 8
⎝ 7 8⎠
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 25
⎛ 3 1 ⎞
⎜ + ⎟
–1 3 –1 1 tan –1 ⎜ 11 18 ⎟
= tan + tan = (since xy < 1)
11 18 ⎜ 1− 3 × 1 ⎟
⎝ 11 18 ⎠
–1 65 –1 1
= tan = tan = cot–1 3
195 3
Example 15 Which is greater, tan 1 or tan–1 1?
Solution From Fig. 2.1, we note that tan x is an increasing function in the interval
⎛ −π π ⎞ π π
⎜ , ⎟ , since 1 > ⇒ tan 1 > tan . This gives
⎝ 2 2⎠ 4 4 Y tan x
tan 1 > 1
π
⇒ tan 1 > 1 >
4 O
⇒ tan 1 > 1 > tan–1 (1). X
–p/2 p/4 p/2
Example 16 Find the value of
⎛ 2⎞
sin ⎜ 2 tan –1 ⎟ + cos (tan –1 3) .
⎝ 3⎠
2 2
Solution Let tan–1 = x and tan–1 3 = y so that tan x = and tan y = 3.
3 3
⎛ 2⎞
Therefore, sin ⎜ 2 tan –1 ⎟ + cos (tan –1 3)
⎝ 3⎠
= sin (2x) + cos y
2
2.
2 tan x 1 3 + 1
= 1 + tan x + = 4
( )
2 2
1+ tan 2 y 1+ 1+ 3
9
12 1 37
= + = .
13 2 26
26 MATHEMATICS
⎛ 1− x ⎞ 1
tan –1 ⎜ –1
⎟ = tan x, x > 0
⎝ 1 + x ⎠ 2
⎛ 1− x ⎞
Solution From given equation, we have 2 tan –1 ⎜ –1
⎟ = tan x
⎝ 1+ x ⎠
⎛π⎞ π
⇒ 2 ⎜ ⎟ = 3tan –1 x ⇒ = tan –1 x
⎝4⎠ 6
1
⇒ x=
3
⇒ x 2 x – x 2 + 1 − x 2 (1− x −1) = 0
⇒x ( )
2 x – x 2 − 1− x 2 = 0
⇒x = 0 or 2x – x2 = 1 – x2
1
⇒x = 0 or x= .
2
π
Example 19 Solve the equation sin–16x + sin–1 6 3 x = −
2
π –1
Solution From the given equation, we have sin–1 6x = − − sin 6 3 x
2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 27
⎛ π –1 ⎞
⇒ sin (sin–1 6x) = sin ⎜ − − sin 6 3 x ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇒ 6x = – cos (sin–1 6 3 x)
⎧ α ⎛ π β ⎞⎫ –1 sin α cos β
2 tan–1 ⎨ tan .tan ⎜ − ⎟ ⎬ = tan
⎩ 2 ⎝ 4 2 ⎠⎭ cos α + sin β
α ⎛π β⎞
2 tan .tan ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎛ –1 –1 2 x ⎞
⎜ since 2 tan x = tan
–1
Solution L.H.S. = tan α
⎟
⎛π β⎞ ⎝ 1− x 2 ⎠
1 − tan 2 tan 2 ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 4 2⎠
β
1 − tan
α 2
2 tan
2 1 + tan β
–1 2
= tan 2
⎛ β⎞
1 − tan
α ⎜ 2⎟
1 − tan 2 ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎜ 1 + tan β ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
α
⎛ β⎞
2 tan . ⎜ 1− tan 2 ⎟
2
⎝ 2⎠
= tan –1 2 2
⎛ β⎞ 2 α ⎛ β⎞
⎜ 1 + tan ⎟ − tan ⎜ 1 − tan ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠
28 MATHEMATICS
α
⎛ 2 β⎞
2 tan ⎜ 1 − tan ⎟
2
⎝ 2⎠
= tan –1
⎛ 2 β⎞ ⎛ 2 α⎞ β ⎛ 2 α⎞
⎜ 1 + tan ⎟ ⎜ 1 − tan ⎟ + 2 tan ⎜ 1+ tan ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠
α β
2 tan 1− tan 2
2 2
2 α 2β
1+ tan 1+ tan
= tan –1 2 2
2 α β
1− tan 2 tan
2+ 2
2 α 2β
1+ tan 1+ tan
2 2
⎛ sin α cos β ⎞
= tan –1 ⎜ ⎟ = R.H.S.
⎝ cos α + sin β ⎠
⎛ π π⎞ ⎡ π π⎤
(A) ⎜ − , ⎟ (B) ⎢ − , ⎥
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎣ 2 2⎦
⎛ π π⎞
(C) ⎜ − , ⎟ – {0} (D) (0, π)
⎝ 2 2⎠
⎡ π π⎤ π⎫
(A) ⎢ − , ⎥ − {0} (B) [0, π] − ⎧⎨ ⎬
⎣ 2 2⎦ ⎩2⎭
⎛ π π⎞
(C) (0, π) (D) ⎜ − , ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 29
⎡ π 3π ⎤ 3π ⎫
(A) ⎢2, 2 ⎥ (B) [ π , 2π] − ⎧⎨ ⎬
⎣ ⎦ ⎩2⎭
(C) (0, π) (D) [2π, 3π]
–1 ⎛ ⎛ 43π ⎞ ⎞
Example 24 The value of sin ⎜ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ is
⎝ ⎝ 5 ⎠⎠
3π −7 π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D) –
5 5 10 10
–1 ⎛ 40π + 3π ⎞ –1 ⎛ 3π ⎞
Solution (D) is the correct answer. sin ⎜ cos ⎟ = sin cos ⎜ 8π + ⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠
–1 ⎛ 3π ⎞ –1 ⎛ ⎛ π 3π ⎞ ⎞
= sin ⎜ cos ⎟ = sin ⎜ sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2 5 ⎠⎠
–1 ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ π
= sin ⎜ sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟ = − .
⎝ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎠ 10
2π − 2π 34π π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
Solution (A) is the correct answer. cos–1 (cos (680°)) = cos–1 [cos (720° – 40°)]
2π
= cos–1 [cos (– 40°)] = cos–1 [cos (40°)] = 40° = .
9
Example 26 The value of cot (sin–1x) is
1+ x 2 x
(A) (B)
x 1+ x 2
30 MATHEMATICS
1 1− x 2
(C) (D) .
x x
1 1− x 2
⇒ 1 + cot2 θ = ⇒ cotθ = .
x2 x
π
Example 27 If tan–1x = for some x ∈ R, then the value of cot–1x is
10
π 2π 3π 4π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5
π
Solution (B) is the correct answer. We know tan–1x + cot –1x = . Therefore
2
π π
cot–1x = –
2 10
π π 2π
⇒ cot–1x = – = .
2 10 5
Example 28 The domain of sin–1 2x is
(A) [0, 1] (B) [– 1, 1]
⎡ 1 1⎤
(C) ⎢ − , (D) [–2, 2]
⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
2π π 4π 5π
(A) − (B) − (C) (D) .
3 3 3 3
Example 30 The greatest and least values of (sin–1x)2 + (cos–1x)2 are respectively
5π 2 π2 π −π
(A) and (B) and
4 8 2 2
π2 −π2 π2
(C) and (D) and 0 .
4 4 4
Solution (A) is the correct answer. We have
π2 ⎛π ⎞
= − 2sin –1 x ⎜ − sin –1 x⎟
4 ⎝2 ⎠
π2
( )
2
= − π sin –1 x + 2 sin –1 x
4
⎡ π –1 π2 ⎤
( )
–1 2
2
= ⎢ sin x − sin x + ⎥
⎣ 2 8 ⎦
⎡⎛ –1 2
π ⎞ π2 ⎤
= ⎢⎜
2 sin x − ⎟ + ⎥.
⎢⎣⎝ 4 ⎠ 16 ⎥⎦
⎛ π2 ⎞ π2 ⎡⎛ −π π ⎞ 2 π2 ⎤
2
Thus, the least value is ⎜ ⎟ i.e. and the Greatest value is 2 ⎢ ⎜ − ⎟ + ⎥,
⎝ 16 ⎠ 8 ⎢⎣⎝ 2 4 ⎠ 16 ⎦⎥
5π 2
i.e. .
4
Example 31 Let θ = sin–1 (sin (– 600°), then value of θ is
32 MATHEMATICS
π π 2π − 2π
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
3 2 3 3
–1 ⎡ ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎤ –1 ⎛ 2π ⎞
= sin ⎢ − sin ⎜ 4π − ⎟ ⎥ = sin ⎜ sin ⎟
⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 3 ⎠
–1 ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ –1 ⎛ π⎞ π
= sin ⎜ sin ⎜ π − ⎟ ⎟ = sin ⎜ sin ⎟ = .
⎝ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 3
(C) ⎡⎣ − 5, − 3 ⎤⎦ ∩ ⎡⎣ − 5, 3 ⎤⎦ (D) ⎡⎣ − 5, − 3 ⎤⎦ ∪ ⎡⎣ 3, 5 ⎤⎦
⇒ x∈⎡⎣ − 5, − 3 ⎤⎦ ∪ ⎡⎣ 3, 5 ⎤⎦
Solution (B) is the correct answer. Let sin–1 (.6) = θ, i.e., sin θ = .6.
π
Example 36 If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then value of cos–1 x + cos–1 y is
2
π 2π
(A) (B) π (C) 0 (D)
2 3
π
Solution (A) is the correct answer. Given that sin–1 x + sin–1 y = .
2
⎛π –1 ⎞ ⎛π –1 ⎞ π
Therefore, ⎜ – cos x ⎟ + ⎜ – cos y ⎟ =
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2
π
⇒ cos–1x + cos–1y = .
2
⎛ –1 3 1⎞
Example 37 The value of tan ⎜ cos + tan –1 ⎟ is
⎝ 5 4⎠
19 8 19 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 19 12 4
⎛ –1 3 1⎞ ⎛ –1 4 1⎞
Solution (A) is the correct answer. tan ⎜ cos + tan –1 ⎟ = tan ⎜ tan + tan –1 ⎟
⎝ 5 4⎠ ⎝ 3 4⎠
34 MATHEMATICS
⎛ 4 1 ⎞
⎜ 3+4 ⎟ –1 ⎛ 19 ⎞ 19
= tan tan –1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan tan ⎜ ⎟ = .
⎜ 1− 4 × 1 ⎟ ⎝8⎠ 8
⎝ 3 4⎠
Example 38 The value of the expression sin [cot–1 (cos (tan–1 1))] is
1 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) .
3 3
π 1 ⎡ –1 2 ⎤ 2
sin [cot–1 (cos )] = sin [cot–1 ]= sin ⎢sin ⎥=
4 2 ⎣ 3 ⎦ 3
⎛ 1 ⎞
Example 39 The equation tan–1x – cot–1x = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ has
⎝ 3⎠
(A) no solution (B) unique solution
(C) infinite number of solutions (D) two solutions
π π
tan–1x – cot–1x = and tan–1x + cot–1x =
6 2
2π
Adding them, we get 2tan–1x =
3
π
⇒ tan–1x = i.e., x = 3 .
3
Example 40 If α ≤ 2 sin–1x + cos–1x ≤β , then
−π π
(A) α = , β= (B) α = 0, β = π
2 2
−π 3π
(C) α = , β= (D) α = 0, β = 2π
2 2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 35
−π π
Solution (B) is the correct answer. We have ≤ sin–1 x ≤ 2
2
−π π π π π
⇒ + ≤ sin–1x + ≤ +
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ 0 ≤ sin x + (sin x + cos x) ≤ π
–1 –1 –1
⇒ 0 ≤ 2sin–1x + cos–1x ≤ π
= 22 × 1 + 32 – 2 = 11.
2.3 EXERCISE
⎛ 5π ⎞ –1 ⎛ 13π ⎞
⎟ + cos ⎜ cos
–1
1. Find the value of tan ⎜ tan ⎟.
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠
–1 – 3
2. Evaluate cos cos .
2 6
–1 1 1 –
4. Find the value of tan – cot –1 tan –1 sin .
3 3 2
⎛ 2π ⎞
5. Find the value of tan–1 ⎜ tan ⎟ .
⎝ 3 ⎠
– –1 ⎛ –4 ⎞
6. Show that 2tan–1 (–3) = + tan ⎜ ⎟ .
2 ⎝ 3 ⎠
36 MATHEMATICS
8.
⎛
Find the value of the expression sin ⎜ 2 tan
⎝
–1 1 ⎞
3
–1
(
⎟ + cos tan 2 2 .
⎠
)
π
9. If 2 tan–1 (cos θ) = tan–1 (2 cosec θ), then show that θ = ,
4
where n is any integer.
⎛ –1 1 ⎞ ⎛ –1 1 ⎞
10. Show that cos ⎜ 2 tan ⎟ = sin ⎜ 4 tan ⎟.
⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
⎛ 3⎞
11. ( ⎝
)
Solve the following equation cos tan –1 x = sin ⎜ cot –1 ⎟ .
4⎠
–1 1 x2 1– x 2 1
12. Prove that tan cos –1 x 2
2
1 x – 1– x 2 4 2
–1 3 4 –3
13. Find the simplified form of cos cos x sin x , where x ∈ , .
5 5 4 4
–1 8 3 77
14. Prove that sin sin –1 sin –1 .
17 5 85
–1 5 3 63
15. Show that sin cos –1 tan –1 .
13 5 16
1 2 1
16. Prove that tan
–1
+ tan –1 = sin −1 .
4 9 5
–1 1 1
17. Find the value of 4 tan – tan –1 .
5 239
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 37
1 –1 3 4– 7 4+ 7
18. Show that tan sin and justify why the other value
2 4 3 3
is ignored?
19. If a1, a2, a3,...,an is an arithmetic progression with common difference d, then
evaluate the following expression.
⎡ ⎛ d ⎞ –1 ⎛ d ⎞ –1 ⎛ d ⎞ –1 ⎛ d ⎞⎤
tan ⎢ tan –1 ⎜ ⎟ + tan ⎜ ⎟ + tan ⎜ ⎟ + ... + tan ⎜ ⎟⎥ .
⎣ ⎝ 1 + a1 a2 ⎠ ⎝ 1 + a2 a3 ⎠ ⎝ 1 + a3 a4 ⎠ ⎝ 1 + an –1 an ⎠⎦
⎧π⎫
(C) [0, π] (0, π) – ⎨ ⎬
(D)
⎩2⎭
21. Which of the following is the principal value branch of cosec–1x?
⎛ –π π ⎞ ⎧π⎫
(A) ⎜ , ⎟ (B) [0, π] – ⎨ ⎬
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎩2⎭
⎡ –π π ⎤ ⎡ –π π ⎤
(C) ⎢ 2 , 2⎥ (D) ⎢ 2 , 2 ⎥ – {0}
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
22. If 3tan–1 x + cot–1 x = π, then x equals
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) .
2
33
23. The value of sin–1 cos is
5
3π –7π π –π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 10 10
38 MATHEMATICS
–1 3
28. The value of cos cos is equal to
2
π 3π 5π 7π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
1
29. The value of the expression 2 sec–1 2 + sin–1 is
2
π 5π 7π
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
6 6 6
4π
30. If tan–1 x + tan–1y = , then cot–1 x + cot–1 y equals
5
π 2π 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) π
5 5 5
2a –1 1– a 2 2x
31. If sin –1 cos tan –1 , where a, x ∈ ]0, 1, then
1 a2 1 a2 1– x 2
the value of x is
a 2a
(A) 0 (B) (C) a (D)
2 1– a 2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 39
–1 7
32. The value of cot cos is
25
25 25 24 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 7 25 24
1 2
33. The value of the expression tan cos –1 is
2 5
(A) 2 5 (B) 5–2
5 2
(C) (D) 5 2
2
⎡ θ 1– cos θ ⎤
⎢ Hint :tan = ⎥
⎣ 2 1 + cos θ ⎦
2x
34. If | x | ≤ 1, then 2 tan–1 x + sin–1 is equal to
1 x2
1 1
(A) < x≤1 (B) 0≤x<
2 2
1
(C) −1≤ x < (D) x>0
2
40 MATHEMATICS
⎛ 3π ⎞
39. The value of sin–1 ⎜ sin ⎟ is__________.
⎝ 5 ⎠
40. If cos (tan–1 x + cot–1 3 ) = 0, then value of x is__________.
⎛1⎞
41. The set of values of sec–1 ⎜ ⎟ is__________.
⎝2⎠
42. The principal value of tan–1 3 is__________.
⎛ 14π ⎞
43. The value of cos–1 ⎜ cos ⎟ is__________.
⎝ 3 ⎠
44. The value of cos (sin–1 x + cos–1 x), |x| ≤ 1 is______ .
⎛ sin –1 x + cos –1 x ⎞ 3
45. The value of expression tan ⎜ ⎟ ,when x = is_________.
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
2x
46. If y = 2 tan–1 x + sin–1 for all x, then____< y <____.
1 x2
⎛ x− y ⎞
47. The result tan–1x – tan–1y = tan–1 ⎜ 1 + xy ⎟ is true when value of xy is _____
⎝ ⎠
48. The value of cot (–x) for all x ∈ R in terms of cot–1x is _______.
–1
State True or False for the statement in each of the Exercises 49 to 55.
49. All trigonometric functions have inverse over their respective domains.
50. The value of the expression (cos–1 x)2 is equal to sec2 x.
51. The domain of trigonometric functions can be restricted to any one of their
branch (not necessarily principal value) in order to obtain their inverse functions.
52. The least numerical value, either positive or negative of angle θ is called principal
value of the inverse trigonometric function.
53. The graph of inverse trigonometric function can be obtained from the graph of
their corresponding trigonometric function by interchanging x and y axes.
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 41
n π
54. The minimum value of n for which tan–1 > , n∈N , is valid is 5.
π 4
⎡ ⎛ –1 1 ⎞ ⎤ π
55. The principal value of sin–1 ⎢cos ⎜ sin ⎟ ⎥ is .
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ 3