Types Of Paint

Primers seal the surface off and provide a "tooth" for the finish paint, they are used on bare
wood and metal, previously painted surfaces that have been repaired or are in poor
condition, ( flaking, peeling), or if the existing surface is to be painted with a new color that
is much darker or lighter than the existing. Primers/Sealers are also used block out stains
like water stains, crayon, smoke, soot, ink and on woods that will bleed through a paint
coating, e.g., cedar or redwood.

Primers/Sealers insure longer lasting paint work as the resins in the finish paints stay on the
surface creating the "wear layer" as they are designed to do. Peeling and premature failure
is eliminated and this is by far the most important part in getting a long lasting, durable
finish.

FINISH PAINTS:
There are two types of paints used today, latex and alkyd. Alkyd paint is also known as oil-
based paint. Latex provides an excellent finish, while being an easier paint to use. Latex
paint cleans up with soap and water, dries quickly, has less odor, is non-flammable, easy to
touch up, they remain more flexible and allow moisture to evaporate through the film thus
reducing blistering, cracking and peeling.
Inexpensive latex paints use softer vinyl resins (binders) and more water in the formulation
while the more durable of the latex paints use 100% acrylic resins and less water, ( you only
get what you pay for). The term "Enamel" is normally associated with paints that have some
gloss to the finish. Enamels are formulated with higher concentrations of resin as they are
intended to be subjected to more wear and tear. Hy-Tech ceramics enable Hy-Tech to
produce flat finish paints that have the same durability as shiny traditional "enamel paints.
LEVELS of GLOSS:
The sheen of a paint is the amount of light reflected by the surface of a paint finish. There
are four basic sheens: flat, satin, semi gloss and gloss.
Flat Paints exhibit non-reflective properties providing a matte finish. This finish helps hide
surface imperfections, and is normally used for ceilings and walls in areas not subjected to a
lot of wear and tear, dining rooms, living rooms and bedrooms not used by small children.
Satin Finish also know as eggshell finish, provides a soft luster sheen similar to that of an
eggshell. A satin finish provides a harder surface finish which is more durable and more stain
resistant than a flat finish. This durability makes satin paint a good choice for walls in
children's rooms, hallways, stairways and family rooms.
Semi gloss Paints are very durable, they are easier to clean, and are more stain resistant
than satin finish paints. Semi gloss paints are most often used on heavy wear surfaces or
areas that are frequently cleaned such as kitchens and bathrooms. Semi gloss paint is also
used on wood trim and cabinets.
Gloss Paint is a harder, more durable, more stain resistant paint finish. It is easier to clean
than all the other paint finishes. Gloss finishes generally make surface imperfections more
noticeable. Gloss finishes are the best choice for heavy wear areas like kitchens, bathrooms,
furniture and cabinets, floors, stairs, handrails, high traffic doors and trim.
The Different Types of Paint
Oil-Based vs. Water-Based Paint

When it comes down to it, paint is either oil-based or water-based, meaning that the paint’s
main ingredient is either water or a type of oil (usually either alkyd or linseed oil).

There are pros and cons to each, but here’s a quick rundown:

Oil-Based Paint

 Drying and curing time takes longer.

 More durable than water-based paint.
 Cleaning paint brushes requires harsh chemicals like paint thinner.
 Often provides a much smoother and better-looking finish.
Water-Based Paint

 Drying and curing takes less time than oil-based paint.

 Isn’t quite as durable.
 Cleanup doesn’t require chemicals—soap and water works great.
 More common than oil-based paint (depending on where you look).

Consider using oil-based paint on surfaces that take frequent beatings and abuse—like
exteriors, floors, doors, trim, and furniture. Water-based paint, however, is great for things
that won’t see a whole lot of wear and tear—like walls and ceilings.

Water-based paint is also colloquially known as latex paint, even though this type of paint
uses acrylic resins or vinyl instead of actual latex. Water-based paint is also the most
common type of paint—usually around 75% of paint available at most hardware or paint
stores is water-based, although it depends where you shop.
Primer

Primer is an important component to the painting process, but you should understand that
primer isn’t actually “paint.” It’s very similar in that it has the same consistency as paint and
is applied the same way, but you would never use it as a final coat on anything. Applying a
primer before applying the actual paint allows the primer to act as an adhesive of sorts for
the paint to stick to, which adds durability and longevity.

Furthermore, primer is pretty much required on new, clean surfaces that aren’t already
painted. For example, if you’re painting a brand new wall that’s never been painted before,
you’ll want to use primer.

In other circumstances, primer may not be necessary. For example, if you’re painting over a
previous paint job that uses a similar shade, you probably don’t need to apply primer first. If
you’re painting a light color over a dark color, though, primer can be really helpful. You
might need several coats of paint to completely mask the darker shade, but you typically
need much less primer to cover it up—plus, primer is usually cheaper than actual paint and
can save you a few bucks.
Paint Sheen

In addition to oil-based and water-based paints, there are also different sheens of paint. In
other words, paint comes in different levels of shininess (a.k.a. gloss).

On one end you have paint sheens that aren’t that glossy. They’ll be called things like “Flat”,
“Matte”, “Eggshell”, and “Satin”. Flat and matte paints are very similar, though matte is
usually just a tad more glossy than flat. Matte is also usually more durable than flat. These
types of paint are good for ceilings, as they can hide imperfections much better than higher-
gloss paint can.

Eggshell and satin paints are a bit more glossy, but still look fairly matte if viewed at the
right angle. These types of paint are a good compromise between durability and sheen. So if
you want something that’s durable but still looks fairly flat, eggshell and satin paints are
good options.

Semi-gloss and gloss paints are the most durable of sheens and they can take a good
scrubbing without rubbing off, so they work well in kitchens and bathrooms. However, they
do reflect light quite a bit and provide a shiny surface, which can make small imperfections
stand out.

The type of sheen you should use is ultimately up to you, though—just be aware of the pros
and cons of each.
What Is “Enamel” Paint?

While browsing paint at the store, you might come across some cans with the word
“enamel” written on the label. In general, enamel paint refers to any paint that has
incredible durability and dries to a tough, hard finish that can withstand a lot of abuse. If a
paint can label has the word “enamel”, you can be sure that it’s some of the toughest paint
around.

In the past, most (if not all) enamel paint was oil-based, but in recent years many water-
based paints have taken on enamel as well. Personally, I swear by using an oil-based
enamel, since oil-based paint is naturally durable in the first place. Enamel paint usually
comes in the form of exterior paint and high-temp paint, as well as some indoor paints
aimed at surfaces that see a lot of abuse, like kitchen cabinets or furniture.

WATER-BASED PAINTS

The majority of wall paint sold today is water-based, but oil-based paint remains popular for
glossy woodwork, doors, and furniture, as well as demanding surfaces such as floors.

Be cautious when switching to a water-based paint if the surface has previously been coated
with an oil-based product, as the new paint may not stick. In this situation, Sherwin-
Williams recommends washing the surface and then roughening it all over with a medium to
smooth grit sandpaper—making it clean, dry, and dull in order to prevent peeling of the new
coat.

Advantages of water-based paints

 low VOCs (low levels of toxic emissions)

 easy cleanup with water
 quick drying
 an elastic, flexible finish resistant to cracking
 stable color over time, without yellowing
 OIL-BASED PAINTS

For those instances when an oil-based paint would traditionally be preferable, but you
desire a water-based product, a number of companies have introduced "waterborne
enamels" or "waterborne alkyds." These paints look and behave much like oil-based options
because they have good leveling qualities for a smooth finish.

Advantages of oil-based paints

 attractive gloss
 good "leveling" (brush strokes fill themselves in to create a smooth finish)
 hard, durable finish
 PAINT FINISHES

Sheen options vary by manufacturer, but share some common characteristics.

As durability improves across all sheen levels with newer paints, many people are finding
creative ways to mix and match them. "We've noticed that customers are becoming more
experimental in their use of paint finish, to create real impact and texture within a scheme,"
says Farrow & Ball director Sarah Cole. "Try painting a stripe of full gloss on a matte wall in
the same color to create a striking, textured look," she suggests.
Matte paint:

 is the least reflective sheen available

 has a velvety texture
 helps hides imperfections in walls and ceilings
 offers great depth of color
 is generally considered the standard sheen for walls
 can sometimes be difficult to clean

Eggshell and satin paint (satin is slightly glossier than eggshell):

 have some reflectivity

 offer improved durability
 are frequently used in demanding environments, like kitchens and bathrooms, where
easy cleanup without a highly glossy finish is desired

Semi-gloss and gloss paint:

 are the most reflective sheens

 are highly durable and stand up to multiple cleanings
 are traditionally used on baseboards, moldings, and doors
 can make a statement, but also highlight imperfections

Types of Industrial Paint Coatings

Organic coatings
These coatings contain carbon, refined and/or modified petroleum products as well as
different solvents, pigments, additives, and fillers. This category includes products like:

 Alkyd coatings – Alkyd coatings can be applied to prepared substrates in various

industrial environments. Depending on the ingredients incorporated, alkyds can
stand up to different rigors in interior, exterior, underground and underwater
applications. On the downside, alkyds use oxygen in order to complete the chemical
reaction that turns them into durable finishes. Since oxygen needs to disperse
throughout the paint film, these coatings take longer to dry compared to other
products.
 Epoxy coating systems – Epoxies define a large, high-performance group of coating
products, with excellent film-building, mechanical and chemical properties as well as
short curing and drying times. Epoxy coating systems can bond to different surfaces,
including steel, zinc, aluminum and galvanized components. This makes them
optimal choices for many industrial painting projects that demand maximum
protection against normal wear and tear, abrasion, corrosion, moisture, water, salt
air, fuels and chemicals as well as non-oxidizing acids, alkali and salts in immersion.
  Polyurethane coatings – Enhanced with specialty additives, polyurethane coating
products are characterized by exceptional resistance to corrosion, abrasion,
chemicals and weathering processes. As a result, they can fit a wide variety of
industrial applications.

Inorganic Coatings
In order to provide protection against various stressors in industrial environments, inorganic
coatings are formulated with ingredients like enamels, additives and pigments. Below are
three inorganic coatings commonly used in industrial applications.
 Acrylic coatings – Although alkyd coatings are still dominant in industrial
painting, waterborne industrial paint coatings are gaining increasing acceptance for
industrial applications. To provide adequate protection in industrial settings, acrylic
industrial coatings contain more binders and additives designed to high performance
standards, and fewer pigment dispersants, surfactants and rheology modifiers that
negatively affect corrosion resistance.

 Ceramic coatings – In addition to improved durability, chemical and corrosion

protection, ceramic industrial paint coatings exhibit unique characteristics, like
superior thermal insulation as well as chemical and dimensional stability. In
industrial painting projects, ceramic polymer coatings can be used to
protect tanks and piping systems against water, moisture, UV radiation, chemicals
and high operating temperatures. However, these coatings shouldn’t be applied to
components that will be exposed to tensile or compressive stress. Plastic
deformation can lead to fracture, compromising the integrity of the coating.
  Intumescent coatings – Exposed to extreme heat or open flames, intumescent
coatings expand into thick, foam-like layers that insulate structures from fire.
Because these coatings can maintain the integrity of different components in case of
fire, they’re some of the best choices for high-heat applications.

Metallic and powder coating systems can also be specified for different industrial
applications, but they can only be applied under controlled, stable factory conditions.
References:
https://www.performance-painting.com/blog/different-types-of-industrial-coatings
http://www.hytechsales.com/howtopaint/paint_types.html
https://www.howtogeek.com/320201/the-different-types-of-paint-and-when-to-use-them/
https://www.elledecor.com/home-remodeling-renovating/home-
renovation/advice/a2777/different-types-paint-finishes/