FOREWORD

Thank God for the presence of Almighty God who has mercy on us all and inayahnya so
we can resolve one of the paper on "suffixes and prefixes" just in time. There are some obstacles
that we face in completing this paper, but thanks to the help of friends and our tutor group one
can solve them Do not forget we also thank the friends who had helped to complete this paper.
Hopefully this paper can be helpful and useful to readers as well as a forum to increase
knowledge.

Do not forget what we are also sorry if there are errors in the preparation of this paper
because we are just ordinary people who did not escape the kesalahan.untuk that we need
criticism and suggestions for how we can improve this paper.

Bangkalan,29 maret 2012

author

the drafting team

 Prefixes and Suffixes

prefix

A prefix is a group of letters added before a word or base to alter its meaning and form a
new word. In contrast, a suffix is a group of letters added after a word or base. This page
contains free worksheets, online activities and other educational resources to he lp with prefixes
and suffixes.

the root word to which they are affixed. For example, “un” is a negative prefix which will
change the otherwise positive word “happy” into “unhappy”. Learning about prefixes early on is
important in that it greatly improves reading comprehension at all levels.

A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. This is a
list of the most common prefixes in English, together with their basic meaning and some
examples. You can find more detail or precision for each prefix in any good dictionary. The
origins of words are extremely complicated. You should use this list as a guide only, to help you
understand possible meanings. But be very careful, because often what appears to be a prefix is
not a prefix at all. Note also that this list does not include elements like "auto-" or " bio-",
because these are "combining forms", not prefixes.

List of English Prefixes

a(n)- not , without atonality , asexuality , amoral , anarchy

ab- away abduction , absolutism , ablution

bi- two bicycle , bijection , bilingual , bicameralism

bibli(o)- relating to books bibliophilia , bibliography

cardi(o)- heart cardiovascular

cent-, centi - hundred or hundredth centenary, centimeter, centipede

de- taking something away, decentralisation , deforestation , dehydration

dec(a)-, ten decamerous

deci - one tenth deciliter

eco- house economy , ecology , ecosystem , ecotourism

ecto(s)- Outside ectoskeleton

flor(i)- relating to flowers florist

fore- before, in advance foreskin , foreshadowing

gyn- female gynaecology , gynoid

hemi- half hemimetabolous

hex(a)- six hexapod

in- extremely inflammable , invaluable

in-, il-, im-, ir- not infallibility , illiteracy , immoral , irrelevant

milli - thousandth milligram , milliliter

mini- small miniskirt , miniscule

non- not nonsense, non-denial denial

non- nine none, nonagon

out- more, to a greater degree to outdo, to outrun

over- more than normal, too much overpopulation , over-consumption

post- after Post-Fordism , postpartum depression ,

pre- before prediction , preview , precedent , prenatal

care

quin(que)- five , into five parts quinquesection

quint(i)- fifth , five quintiped

re- again, repeatedly reduction , reflection , revolution

rect(i)- proper, straight rectify, rectangle

scler(o)- hard scleroderma atherosclerosis

semi- half semi-automatic , semi-detached

sphygm(o)- pulso sphygmomanometer

"Prefixes are generally set solid with the rest of the word. Hyphens appear only when the
word attached begins with (1) a capital letter, as with anti-Stalin, or (2) the same vowel as the
prefix ends in, as with: anti-inflationary, de-escalate, micro-organism. Yet in well-established
cases of this type, the hyphen becomes optional, as with cooperate."
(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004)

Understanding prefixes and suffixes for kids is an important part of learning English
grammar. Just as teaching kids root words is crucial to improving general reading comprehension
skills, so does learning prefixes and using prefixes greatly increase kids’ vocabulary.

suffix

In linguistics, a suffix (also sometimes called a postfix or ending) is an affix which is

placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the
grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs.
Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, a suffix is called an afformative, as they can alter
the form of the words to which they are fixed. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made
between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). A word-final segment that is
somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid or a semi-
suffix (e.g., English -like or German -freundlich 'friendly').

Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional suffixes) or lexical information

(derivational suffixes). An inflectional suffix is sometimes called a desinence.
Some examples in European languages:

Girls, where the suffix -s marks the plural.

He makes, where suffix -s marks the third person singular present tense.
It closed, where the suffix -ed marks the past tense.
De beaux jours, where the suffix -x marks the plural.
Elle est passablement jolie, where the suffix -e marks the feminine form of the adjective.
Many synthetic languages—Czech, German, Finnish, Latin, Hungarian, Russian,
Turkish, etc.—use a large number of endings.

Inflectional suffixes

Inflection changes grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. In the
example:

The weather forecaster said it would clear today, but it hasn't cleared at all.

the suffix -ed inflects the root-word clear to indicate past tense.

Some inflectional suffixes in present day English:

 -s third person singular present

 -ed past tense
 -ing progressive/continuous
 -en past participle
 -s plural
 -en plural (irregular)
 -er comparative
 -est superlative
 -n't negative
Derivational suffixes

In the example:

"The weather forecaster said it would be clear today, but I can't see clearly at all"

the suffix -ly modifies the root-word clear from an adjective into an adverb. Derivation
can also form a semantically distinct word within the same syntactic category. In this example:

"The weather forecaster said it would be a clear day today, but I think it's more like clearish!"

the suffix -ish modifies the root-word clear, changing its meaning to "clear, but not very clear".

Some derivational suffixes in present day English:

 -ian
 -ize/-ise
 -fy
 -ly
 -ful
 -able/-ible
 -hood
 -ness
 -less
 -ism
 -ment
 -ist
 -al
 -ish
 As numerous suffixes are derived from Greek and Latin roots, ESL students and teachers can
benefit from a multi-lingual approach to the meanings of suffixes.

Whether learning or teaching suffixes, there are excellent online suffix resources for creating
suffix worksheets as well as suffixes activities and suffix lists. Fun suffix games for kids are also
a gr way to embark on suffix learning.
Prefixes and Suffixes

DI SUSUN OLEH

KELOMPOK 4

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

STIKES INSAN SE AGUNG BANGKALAN

2012