s>Si[Fn drKiAt

Di[. jgd)p si[nvN[

 ISBN 978-81-925192-2-7
Title Sansodhan Drakhast
Author Dr. Jagdip Sonwane
Year 2013
Edition First
Vol -
Publisherwww.edupublication.com
Dr. J. R. Sonwane
Department of Education
M. K. Bhavnagar University,
Bhavnagar
INDIA
Contact edupublication@gmail.com
Price Free
Pages 80
Subject Educational Technology
Language Gujarati

This book can be downloaded free of cost from

www.edupublication.com
 s>Si[Fn p\(k\yi miT[ s>Si[Fn drKiAt t]yir
krv) a[ K*b j mh_vn&> an[ piyin&> GTk C[.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt t]yir krvini kirN[
s>Si[Fk s>Si[Fn a>g[n) (dSi, h[t&ai[,
p\(k\yi tYi s>Si[Fn s>b>(Ft
bibti[Y) Avy> p(r(ct Yiy C[ an[
aºyn[ t[n) mi(ht) aip[ C[.
p\At&t p&Atk ai h[t&n[ k[ºWmi>
riK)n[ t]yir krvimi> aiÄy&> C[.
p\At&t p&Atkmi> s>Si[{Fn
drKiAtni (vBigi[, si[pini[, l[Kn, s>Si[Fn
drKiAtni j*di-j*di (vBigni m*Ãyi>kn miT[ni
mipd>Di[ tYi s>Si[Fn drKiAtni nm*ni
dSi<vvimi> aiÄyi C[. aiSi C[ k[ p\At&t p\yRn
s>Si[Fn x[#ini (vwiY)<ai[n[ upyi[g) Ye rh[S[.

hi[L), mic<, 2013 - jgd)p si[nvN[

 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

k\m S)P<k pini n>br

1. s>Si[Fn drKiAtni (vBigi[ 5
2. s>Si[Fn drKiAtni si[pini[ 5
3 s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ 7
4 s>Si[Fn drKiAt m*Ãyi>kn mipd>D 9
5 s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ p(rcyiRmk 20
(vBig
6 s>Si[Fn p\Æni[ni vg)<krN miT[ 36
(Dli[nn) yi[jni
7 p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn 43
8 nm*ni$p p\Ativ -1 50
9 nm*ni$p p\Ativ -2 64
10 nm*ni$p p\Ativ -3 72
s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni si[pini[
s>Si[Fn drKiAtn[ simiºy r)t[ b[ (vBigi[mi> vh[>c) Skiy C[.
{1} p(rcyiRmk (vBig (Introductory Section)
ai (vBigmi> s>Si[Fnn) smAyi - p(rcyn[ lgt) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[. j[ n)c[ p\miN[ C[.
1 S)P<k (Title)
2 smAyikYn (Statement of the Problem)
3 s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi (Review of Related

Literature)
4 s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i (Area of Research)
5 a¿yisni h[t&ai[ (Objectives of the Study)
6 uRkÃpniai[ k[ a¿yis p\âi[ (Hypotheses or Study

Questions)
7 a¿yisn) aY<s*ckti (Significance of the Study)
8 a¿yisn) x[#i myi<diai[ (Delimitations of the

Study)

5
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< pÚ(t (vBig ( Method Section)

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni ai b)ji (vBigmi> n)c[n) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[.
9 Äyip(vV an[ nm*ni[ (Population and Sample)
10 upkrNi[ (Tools)
11 s>Si[Fn pÚ(t (Method of Research)
12 pZYÊrN p\(v(F ( Analysis Procedure)
13 smy aiyi[jn ( Time Schedule)
14 ai(Y<k Kc<n&> aiyi[jn (Budget)
15 s>dB<s*(c ( Refrences)

6
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn x[#i:
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>¹yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in

Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<Äyi C[. j[ n)c[ m&jb

C[.

k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

1. BiPi (SxN 20. g(Nt (SxN
2. (SxNn&> t_vXin 21. (SxN an[ airi[³y (SxN
3. (SxNn&> smijSiA#i 22. n](tk kli an[ si]>dy<(SxN
4. (SxNni[ e(this 23. S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j
5. (SxNn&> aY<SiA#i 24. a¹yipn p\y&(±t
6. (SxNn&> mni[(vXin 25. (SxN - p\(SxN
7. min(sk AviA¸y 26. Äyivsi(yk an[ tk`(nk) (SxN
8. min(sk p\(k\yiai[ 27. (v(SOT (SxN
9. simi(jk p\(k\yiai[ 28. d*rvt)< (SxN
10. p\[rNi 29. p\i]Q, (nr>tr an[ av](Fk (SxN
11. sj<niRmkti an[ ni(vºy 30. lG&mt), an&s*(ct ji(t an[
an&s*(ct jnji(tn&> (SxN

7
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt
12. mig<dSn an[ slihdS<n 31. kºyiai[ an[ A#i)ai[n&> (SxN
13. a¿yisk\m (vkis 32. vst) (SxN
14. p*v< p\iY(mk (SxN 33. pyi<vrN
15. p\iY(mk (SxN 34. t&lniRmk (SxN
16. mi¹y(mk (SxN 35. S]x(Nk pr)xN an[ m*Ãyi>kn
17. uµc_ir mi¹y(mk (SxN 36. S]x(Nk aiyi[jn an[ n)(t(vPyk
s>Si[Fn
18. simi(jk (vXin (SxN 37. (s(Ú
19. (vXin (SxN 38. S]x(Nk vh)vT an[ s>ciln

8
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fn drKiAt m*Ãyi>kn mipd>D

k\m m*Ãyi>knni[ m*Ãyi>kn g&NiRmk m*Ãyi>kn s>²yiRmk
GTk miT[ m*Ãyi>kn

as>ti[Pkirk
¹yinmi>

s>tiPkirk
simiºy
k&l m[Lv[

(nÀn
~[Oq
riKvin)
g& l
bibti[
N g&N
1. S)P<k a¿yisn&>
x[#i,
prt>#i
cl,
Avt>#i
cl,
pi#ii[n&>
Av$p –
n)
rj*ait
2. mi]l)kti/ a¿yisni
nv)nti (vPyn&>
ni(vºy
3. upyi[(gti a¿yisn)
Äyvhi(rk
k[ s]Üi>(tk
Ø(OTa[
upyi[(gti
4. a¿yisni ApOTti
h[t&ai[ an[
ci[ksie
5. uRkÃpni / srLti
p\âi[ an[
ckisN)n)
S±yti
9
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

uRkÃpni / uRkÃpni /
p\âi[ni[ h[t&
p\âi[ni[
siY[ni[ s>Si[Fnni
s>b>F h[t&
siY[ni[
s>b>F
6. Äyvhi(rk a¿yismi>
Äyi²yiai[ smi(vOT
cli[ tYi
agRyni
pdi[n[
mip)
Skiy tYi
avli[k)
Skiy t[vi
Av$pmi>
aY<n)
ApOTti
7. myi<diai[ a¿yisn)
x[#i
myi<di
tYi
s>B(vt
uNpi[n)
ApOTti
8. s>b>(Ft p*v[< Yy[l
s>Si[Fni[ni[ s>b>(Ft
uÃl[K s>Si[Fni[n
i[ uÃl[K
10
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

9. p\At&t p*v[< Yy[l

s>Si[Fnn) s>Si[Fni[n
(vS[Pti i uÃl[Kn[
aiFir[
p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn&>
aigvip
N&>,
(vS[Pti
10 s>Si[Fn upyi[gmi>
. pÜ(t l[vinir
s>Si[Fn
pÜ(tn&>
ai](cRy
11 s>Si[Fn upyi[gmi>
. pÜ(tn) l[vinir
rj*ait s>Si[Fn
pÜ(tn)
rj*ait
12 s>Si[Fn s>Si[Fn
. x[#i x[#in)
ApOTti

13 Äyip(vV s>B(vt
. Äyip(vV
ni[ p(rcy
t[mj
kdn)
rj*ait
11
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

14 nm*ni nm*ni
. ps>dg)n) ps>dg)n)
pÜ(t pÜ(tn&>
ai](cRy
15 nm*ni Äyip(vV
. ps>dg)n) n&>
rj*ait p\(t(n(FR
v p*rvir
krvi miT[
(v(vF
lxNi[ni>
s>dB<mi>
nm*nini[
p(rcy
16 upkrN ps>d
. krvimi>
aivnir
upkrNn)
u(ctti
17 upkrNn) upkrNn)
. (vgt rcni/
t]yir
upkrNni[
Av)kir,
(vVvsn)
yti,
p\miNB*t
ti vg[r[n)
(vgt
12
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

18 pZY±±rN p*v<Srti[n
. p\y&(±t i s>dB<mi>
ps>d
krvimi>
aivnir
pZY±±rN
p\y&(±tn)
u(ctti
19 smy dSiv[l
. aiyi[jn smy
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
20 Kc< dSi<v[l
. aiyi[jn Kc<
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
21 s>dB< s*(c s>b>(Ft
. s>dBi[<n)
pÜ(tsr
an[
(vgtvir
yid)
22 smg\ Cip rj&
. kriy[l
m&Ñiai[n)
s&s>gtti

13
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

smAyi ps>dg)ni m*lki[

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi siFirN aÃp n(hvt`
r)t[ a>S[ mi#iimi>
1. smAyi s>Si[Fn
x[#in) viAt(vktin[
pkD) SkS[
2. AYi(nk an[ v](Vk
s>dBi[<n[ ji[[DS[
3. bh&aiyim) k[ s>k&l
bn) SkS[
4. s>Si[Fkn) sjjtimi>
vFiri[ krS[
5. g&NiRmk pÜ(tai[ni[
pN (v(nyi[g kr)
SkS[
6. nvp\AYinn) s>Bivni
dSi<v[ C[
7. s>Si[Fn x[#ini d[(Kti
an[ p\µCºn

14
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

aiyimi[n[ ApS)< SkS[

8. smkil)n
XinÄyipiri[n[ p\yi[J
SkS[.
9. ai>tr(vwik)y Av$p
p\yi[J SkS[
10. nvi uk[li[ an[
smAyin) aigih)
krS[

15
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

h[t& ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi- siFi- aÃp n(h-
r)t[ a>S[ rN mi#iimi> vt`
1. a¿yisni h[t&ai[
ApOT C[
2. h[t&ai[ sidi (vFin
$p[ rj* Yyi C[
3. h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<kmi>
an&b>F C[
4. h[t&ai[ an[
uRkÃpnimi> an&b>F
C[
5. h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[
upkrNn) ps>dg)
Yy[l C[
6. h[t&n[ aiFir[ nm&ni
ps>dg) krinir C[

16
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

7. h[t&n[ aiFir[
mi(ht) pZY±±rNn)
r)t ps>d Yy[l C[
8. a¿yismi> smiy[l
cli[n) ai[LK Yiy
C[.

17
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

uRkÃpni mipd>D
k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi siFirN aÃp n(hvt`

r)t[ a>S[ mi#iimi>

1. uRkÃpniY) smAyin&>
Av$p ApOT Yiy C[
2. uRkÃpniY) s>Si[Fnn)
ti(k<k j$(ryiti[ni[
²yil mL[ C[
3. uRkÃpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[
(dSis*cn mL[ C[
4. uRkÃpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNn) p\(v(Fni[
²yil mL[ C[
5. uRkÃpni oiri smAyimi>
smi(vOT cli[ vµc[ni
s>b>Fn) aigih) Ye[ Sk[
C[

18
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi siFi aÃp n(h

r)t[ a>S[ rN mi#ii vt`
mi>
1. smAyini Äyip(vVn&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
2. smAyini (ndS<n&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
3. vh)vT) an[ Äyvhi@
myi<diai[n[ aiFir[
(smi>kn Yy&> C[

19
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ p(rcyiRmk (vBig:

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ ai (vBig t[ni nim p\miN[ s>Si[Fnni[
p(rcy mL[ t[ miT[n) (vgti[ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[.
1. S)P<k (Title)
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

2. smAyikYn (Statement of the Problem)

ah)> smAyin&> kYn krvin&> hi[y C[. S)P<k an[ smAyikYn /
(vFin vµc[ tfivt C[.
 smAyikYn a[ S)P<kn&> (vAtZt)krN C[.
 simiºy r)t[ b[-#iN vi±yi[mi> smAyin[ (n$pvimi> aiv[
C[.
 smAyikYnmi> smAyini bFi p\kirni cli[ dSi<vvi
j$r) C[.
 ah)> smAyimi> smiy[l cli[ vµc[ni> s>b>F dSi<vvi
ji[ea[.

20
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

smAyikYn Si miT[?
S)P<k oiri s>Si[Fnn) kiy< p\(k\yin) s>p*N< mi(ht) vickn[
mL) Skt) nY). t[Y) ji[ S)P<kn[ b[-#iN vi±yi[mi> sidi
S¾di[ oiri dSi<vvimi> aiv[ ti[ simiºy vickn[ pN
s>Si[Fnn) (dSi an[ s>Si[Fnmi> hiY Frinir kiy<n) mi(ht)
mL) Sk[.
di.t., . . . . . . . . .
(vwiY)<n) S]x(Nk smAyiai[

3. s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi (Review of Related

Literature)
ai (vBig a>tg<t s>Si[Fk[ s>Si[Fnn) s]Üi(ºtk t[mj s>Si[Fn
a[m b>n[ p\kirni si(hRyn) sm)xi rj* krvin) hi[y C[. vL),
pi[tin) smAyin[ lgti C[Ãlimi> C[Ãli s>Si[Fn - p\vihi[ pN
rj* krvi ji[ea[. ai miT[ (rsc< jn<l, m[g[(zn, s>Si[Fn
siri>S, (DzT[<Sn tYi Y)(ssmi> dSi<viy[l s>b>(Ft s>Si[Fni[ni[
upyi[g Ye Sk[. ai rj*ait oiri s>Si[Fk pi[tini s>Si[Fnni

21
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

m*L hilni si(hRymi> hi[vini[ tYi pi[tini (vPymi> vF&

s>Si[Fnn) aivÆykti dSi<vvini[ p\yRn kr[ C[.
s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi Si miT[?
 p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fnn) sm)xi oiri s>Si[Fk pi[tini
(vPymi> Yy[l K[DiNY) p(r(ct hi[vin) si(bt) p*r)
piD[ C[.
 p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xiY) ki[e kim b[vDiy C[ k[ k[m
t[n) tpis Ye Sk[.
 pi[tin) smAyini Av$p (vS[ vF& ApOTti m[LvS[.
 smAyimi> k eke bibti[ni[ smiv[S krvi[ t[ ApOT YS[.
 smAyin[ s>Si[Fn oiri hl krvin) j$(ryit smjiS[.
 smAyin[ an&$p yi[³y uRkÃpni t]yir Ye SkS[.
 mi(ht) p\i(¼tni s\iti[ a>g[n) ApOTti YS[.
 mi(ht) a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[ (dSis*cn mLS[.
 a¿yisn) yi[³y yi[jni t]yir Ye SkS[.
4. s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i (Area of Research)
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>¹yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in

22
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<Äyi C[. j[ n)c[

m&jb C[.

k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

1. BiPi (SxN 20. g(Nt (SxN
2. (SxNn&> t_vXin 21. (SxN an[ airi[³y
(SxN
3. (SxNn&> smijSiA#i 22. n](tk kli an[
si]>dy<(SxN
4. (SxNni[ e(this 23. S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j
5. (SxNn&> aY<SiA#i 24. a¹yipn p\y&(±t
6. (SxNn&> mni[(vXin 25. (SxN - p\(SxN
7. min(sk AviA¸y 26. Äyivsi(yk an[ tk`(nk)
(SxN
8. min(sk p\(k\yiai[ 27. (v(SOT (SxN
9. simi(jk p\(k\yiai[ 28. d*rvt)< (SxN
10. p\[rNi 29. p\i]Q, (nr>tr an[
av](Fk (SxN

23
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

11. sj<niRmkti an[ 30. lG&mt), an&s*(ct

ni(vºy ji(t an[
an&s*(ct jnji(tn&>
(SxN
12. mig<dSn an[ 31. kºyiai[ an[ A#i)ai[n&>
slihdS<n (SxN
13. a¿yisk\m (vkis 32. vst) (SxN
14. p*v< p\iY(mk (SxN 33. pyi<vrN
15. p\iY(mk (SxN 34. t&lniRmk (SxN
16. mi¹y(mk (SxN 35. S]x(Nk pr)xN an[
m*Ãyi>kn
17. uµc_ir mi¹y(mk (SxN 36. S]x(Nk aiyi[jn an[
n)(t(vPyk s>Si[Fn
18. simi(jk (vXin (SxN 37. (s(Ú
19. (vXin (SxN 38. S]x(Nk vh)vT an[
s>ciln

24
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

5. a¿yisni h[t&ai[ (Objectives of the Study)

s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ a[ smg\ s>Si[Fnni[ aRy>t mh_vni[ an[
k[ºWvt)< Big C[. h[t&ai[ s>Si[Fkn[ s>Si[Fnkiy<n) (dSi s*cv[
C[.
h[t&ai[ oiri s>Si[Fnmi> . . . . . .
 ke ke bibti[ni[ a¿yis YS[ t[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
 a¿yisni m&²y (vBigi[n) ApOTti mL[ C[.
 a¿yis miT[ ps>d krvimi> aiv[l smAyin), ti(k<k
r)t[ vh[>ciy[l p[Ti smAyiai[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
 srL BiPimi> dSi<viy[li a¿yisni p[Ti S)P<ki[ C[.

6. uRkÃpniai[ k[ a¿yis p\âi[ (Hypotheses or

Study Questions)
s>Si[Fn a[ a[k v]Xi(nk p\(k\yi C[ k[ j[ ti(k<k r)t[ aigL
vF[ C[. s>Si[Fn p\(k\yimi> S)P<k an[ h[t&ai[ n±±) Yyi bid
uRkÃpni/ p\âi[ rcvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn yi[jnimi>
uRkÃpniai[ / p\âi[ dSi<vvi j$r) C[.

25
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fn smAyini h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<k n±±) Yyi bid

s>SI[Fk kimcliu jvibi[ k[ uk[li[ rc[ C[, j[n[ uRkÃpni
tr)k[ ai[LKvimi> aiv[ C[.
uRkÃpni a[. . . . .
 smAyini[ s*cviy[l uk[l C[.
 p\âni jvib $p[ dSi<viti[ kimcliu p\Ativ C[.
 s>Si[Fnni s>B(vt p(rNim s>b>F[ ti(k<k (vcirNi C[.
 ki[e ci[±ks s>b>F k[ tfivt S&> hS[ t[ a>g[n&> an&mi(nt
(vFin C[.
 p\i¼t p&riviai[ aiFi(rt a[v&> (vFin C[ k[ j[n[ s>Si[Fk
pi[tini a¿yis oiri ckis[ C[.
 h[t&ai[n[ an&$p s>Si[Fnni a>t[ k[vi p(rNim p\i¼t YS[
t[ a>g[ni ti(k<k an&mini[ C[.

7. a¿yisn) aY<s*ckti (Significance of the

Study)
s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> s>Si[Fn miT[ aivÆyk m&Ñiai[n) rj*ait
siY[ a¿yisn) aY<s*ckti dSi<vv) K*b

26
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

j j$r) C[. a¿yisn) aY<s*cktia[ smAyin) a(nviy<ti

p*rvir kr[ C[. t[Y) a¿yisk[ pi[tini[ a¿yis b)jinni
a¿yis krti ke r)t[ j*di[ pD[ C[ t[ dSi<vv&> j$r) C[. ai m&Ñi
a>tg<t ke ke bibti[n[ smivv) ji[ea[ t[ni upr njr
ni>K)a[.
 p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ki[n[ ki[n[ upyi[g) bnS[.
 p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ke r)t[ upyi[g) bnS[.
 agiuni s>Si[Fni[ an[ p\At&t s>Si[Fn vµc[ mi[Ti[
smygiLi[ psir Yyi[ C[, t[Y) nv) p\(v(Fai[ vD[ ai
p(rNimi[ ckisvin) j$r C[.
 agiuni s>Si[Fn a¿yisi[ oiri p\i¼t Xinmi> k[Tli[
giLi[ C[, an[ hiY Frit&> p\At&t s>Si[Fn ai giLi[ p*rvi
miT[ S&> fiLi[ aip) SkS[, an[ hilmi> k[Tl&> nv&> Xin
um[r) SkS[ t[ dSi<vv&> agRyn&> C[.
 aºy s>Si[Fn a¿yismi>Y) smY<n krti (vFini[ Ti>k)n[
smAyi a>g[n) mi(ht)n) uNp dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

27
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

8. a¿yisn) x[#i myi<diai[ (Delimitations of the

Study)
s>Si[Fk[ smy, S(±t an[ Kc< myi<din[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[
smAyin[ myi<(dt krvin) rh[ C[. s>Si[Fn a[ ghn r)t[
kiy< krvin) p\(k\yi C[ t[Y) mi[T) smAyi ps>d kr)n[ nbL&>
an[ (bnupyi[g) kiy< krvin[ bdl[ smAyin[ myi<(dt kr)n[
yi[³y an[ upyi[g) kiy< krv&> vF& u(ct C[. smAyin)
x[#imyi<din[ kirN[ smAyi a>g[n) s&z vF[, Äyv(AYt r)t[
nini x[#i pr kim Ye Sk[ tYi u>DiN p*v<kn) mi(ht)
a[k(#it kr) t[n&> (vÆl[PN kr) Skiy.
s>Si[Fnmi> k eke bibti[n[ smivvin) C[, kyi kyi
cli[n[ aivr) l[vini C[ an[ kyi cli[n[ bikit riKvini C[
t[ bribr smJ l[v&> j$r) C[. smAyin[ n)c[ m&j b
myi<(dt kr) Skiy-
 smAyin&> Äyip(vV an[ (ndS<n&> (smi>kn krv&>
 j$r) cli[n[ (ny>(#it kr) smAyin&> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.

28
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

 s>b>(Ft j$r) mi(ht) an[ siFni[n) p\i¼yti a>g[

(smi>kn kr) Skiy.
 s]Üi>(tk bibti[ an[ p*v<FirNiai[mi> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.
 s>Si[Fn yi[jnin&> (smi>kn kr) Skiy.
 vh)vT) an[ Äyvhi$ myi<din[ ¹yinmi> riK) (smi>kn
kr) Skiy.
 smy myi<di an[ Kc<n[ ¹yinmi> riK) a¿yisn)
x[#imyi<di n±k) kr) Skiy.

29
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< pÚ(t (vBig ( Method Section)

9. Äyip(vV an[ nm*ni[(Population and Sample)

ai m&Ñi a>tg<t s>Si[Fk[ pi[tini s>Si[Fnn&> Äyip(vV
(Population) ApOT krvin&> rh[ C[. Ryir bid Äyip(vVmi>Y)
nm*ni[ ke r)t[ ps>d krvimi> aivS[ t[n) (vgti[ dSi<vvin)
rh[ C[. Si miT[ ai j pÜ(ta[ nm*ni[ ps>d krvimi> aiÄyi[ C[?
ps>d Yy[l nm*ni oiriÄyip(vVn&> p\(t(n(FRv an[ t[ni kd
a>g[n) ApOTti krvin) rh[ C[. s>Si[Fk[ p*rti aiFiri[ aip)n[
nm*nin) (vgti[ ApOT krv) ji[ea[.
ah)> nm*ni ps>dg)n) pÜ(tai[n) ni[>F krvimi> aiv) C[.

{a} s>Bivni aiFi(rt nm*ni pÜ(tai[ (Probability

Sampling)
1. yiØ(µCk nm*ni pÜ(t ( Random Sampling)
2. Atr)kZt yiØ(µCk nm*ni pÜ(t ( Stratified
Random Sampling)

30
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

3. yi[jni b¹F nm*ni p¹F(t ( Systematic

Sampling)
4. z*mKi nm*ni pÜ(t ( Cluster Sampling)
{b} (bn- s>Bivni aiFi(rt nm*ni pÜ(tai[ ( Non-
Probability Sampling)
1. ain&P>(gk nm*ni pÜ(t ( Incidental or
Accidental Sampling)
2. sh[t&k nm*ni pÜ(t ( Purposive Sampling)
3. (nyt (hAsin) nm*ni pÜ(t ( Quota Sampling)
{k} aºy pÜ(tai[ ( Other Methods of Sampling)
1. ji[Dki> nm*ni pÜ(t ( sampling by Pairs)
2. b[vDi nm*ni pÜ(t (Double Sampling)
3. k\mS: nm*ni pÜ(t (sequential Sampling)
4. Ani[bi[l nm*ni pÜ(t (Snow- Ball Sampling)
5. bh&si[pin) nm*ni pÜ(t ( Multi-Stage
sampling)

31
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

10. upkrNi[(Tools)
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[ mi(ht) p\i(¼t miT[ s>Si[Fk yi[³y
upkrNn) ps>dg) kr[ C[. simiºy r)t[ k[Tli>k p\mi(Nt
upkrNi[ j[ t[ (vAtir miT[ p\I¼t hi[y ti[ t[ni[ upyi[g kr)
Skiy. simiºy r)t[ s>Si[Fk mni[v]Xi(nk ksi[T)ai[,
s>Si[F(nki, p\âiv(l, vlN mipd>D, a(Bp\iyiv(l, m&likit
p#ik vg[r[ j[vi upkrNi[ p]k) ki[e a[k aYvi vF&ni[
upyi[g s>Si[Fk pi[tini s>Si[Fnn) aivÆykti an&sir kr)
Sk[. s>Si[Fk kyi p\kirni upkrNi[ni[ upyi[g krS[ t[
a>g[n) (vgti[ s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> jih[r krv) j$r) C[.

pi[tini a¿yisn[ an&$p t]yir upkrNi[ p\i¼y hi[y ti[

yi[³y upkrN ps>dg)n) r)t, ps>d Yy[l upkrNn)
(vVs(nyti, yYi<Yti, upyi[g krvin) r)t, t[n) myi<diai[
t[ni mini>ki[ vg[r[ a>g[n) hk)kti[ pN dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

ji[ s>Si[Fkn[ pi[tini s>Si[Fnn[ miT[ ki[e t]yir upkrN

p\i¼t n hi[y ti[ s>Si[Fk upkrNn) rcni tYi p\mi(NkrN

32
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

ke r)t[ krS[ t[n) (vgti[ (vAtirY) dSi<vv) j$r) C[.

upkrN rcnimi> t[ni[ p*v[<xN, t[n&> klm pZY±±rN tYi t[n)
a>(tm ajmiyS vKt[ a[k krti vFir[ (nONiti[n) mddY)
upkrN rcvin&> hi[y ti[ t[n) (vgti[ drKiAtmi> rj* krv)
ji[ea[.

11. s>Si[Fn pÚ(t (Method of Research)

s>Si[Fnini[ hiY Frnir[ (v(vF s>Si[Fn pÜ(tai[ p]k)
pi[tini s>Si[Fnn[ an&$p ke pÜ(t C[ t[ Si[Fvin&> rh[ C[.
s>Si[Fk pi[tini a¿yisn[ an&$p ke s>Si[Fn pÜ(tni[
upyi[g krS[ t[n) (vgti[ s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> aipv) j$r)
C[. ps>d krvimi> aiv[l s>Si[Fn pÜ(tni[ aml ke r)t[
krvimi> aivS[ t[ pN T*>kmi> dSi<vv&> ji[ea[. s>Si[Fk ji[
a](thi(sk pÜ(tni[ upyi[g krnir hi[y ti[ p\iY(mk an[
gi]N s>dB<AYini[n) Si[F an[ t[ni upyi[g a>g[n) (vgt
t[m jai s>dB< AYini[n) Si[F an[ t[ni upyi[g a>g[n)
(vgt t[mj biH an[ ai>t(rk p(rS)ln ke r)t[ krS[
t[n) (vgt dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

33
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fk[ ji[ p\iyi[(gk pÜ(tni[ upyi[g krnir hi[y ti[ ke

p\iyi[(gk pÜ(tn) ps>dg) krnir hi[y ti[ ke p\iyi[(gk
pÜ(tn) ps>dg) krvimi> aivS[ an[ Si miT[ t[n) (vgti[
dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

12. pZYÊrN p\(v(F ( Analysis Procedure)

ai (vBigmi> upkrN oiri mL[l mi(ht)n&> ke r)t[
vg)<krN an[ pZYkkrN krvimi> aivS[ t[n) (vgti[
dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[.
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ an&$p m[Lv[l mi(htn&> s>Si[Fk
vN<n kr[ C[. ai vN<n oiri t[ an&min tirvvini[ p\yRn
kr[ C[. a¿yismi> aivriy[l (v(vF cli[ vµc[ni s>b>Fn)
kxi jiNvi mi>g[ C[- ai bF) bibtini[ aiFir a>kSiA#i)y
pÜ(tn) ps>dg) upr rh[li[[ hi[y C[.
g&NiRmk s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht)n&> pZYkkrN ke r)t[ krvimi>
aivS[ t[n) (vgt udihrN siY[ smjivv) ji[ea[.

34
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

13. smy aiyi[jn ( Time Schedule)

s>Si[Fnkiy<- pC) t[ nin&> hi[y k[ mi[T&>- smymyi<diY)
b>Fiy[l hi[y C[. aiY) s>Si[Fk[ pi[tini kiY, a>g[n&>
aiiy[jn dSi<vv&> ji[ea[. ai miT[ s>Si[Fk[ p\Ym s>Si[Fnn[
tbkkivir (vBi(jt kr) ni>Kv&> ji[ea[. Ryir bid dr[k
pisin[ Äyv(AYt r)t[ ni[>F krv) ji[ea[. ai p\kirn) ni[>F
kyi< pC) smg\ s>Si[Fnkiy< p*N< krvimi> k&l k[Tli[ smy
ligS[ t[ni[ a>dij mLS[.
14. ai(Y<k Kc<n&> aiyi[jn(Budget)
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ ai(Y<k shiy m[Lvv) hi[y aYvi mi#i
a¿yis krvini h[t&Y) pN s>Si[Fn krvin&> hi[y Cti>
s>Si[Fn kiy< drKiAtmi> Kc<n) (vgt dSi<vv) j$r) C[.
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ j$r) siFni[, p&Atki[, m&sifr) Kc<,
shiyki[ni[ Kc<, aºy Kc< vg[r[n[ (vgt[ ai](cRyp*N< r)t[
dSi<vv&> j$r) C[.

35
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

15. s>dB<s*(c ( Refrences)

s>Si[Fn smAyi ps>d krvimi> s>Si[Fk oiri (rsc< jn<l,
(DzT[<Sn, (Ys)s, dAtiv[ji[ vg[r[ni[ upyi[g kr[ C[ ai
upri>t p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi a>tg<t j[- j[
si(hRyni[ uÃl[K Yyi[ t[ bFini[ ah)> uÃl[K Yvi[ j$r) C[.
ai ni[>F miT[ miºy miLKin[ an&srv&> ji[ea[. (SxNni
s>Si[Fni[mi> simiºytyi APA (American
Psychology Association) oiri s*(ct miLKin[
an&srvimi> aiv[ C[.

s>Si[Fnni p\âi[ni vg)<krN miT[ (Dli[n {1984} n) yi[jni

(Dli[n{1984} s>Si[Fn p\âi[n&> vg)<krN pi>c p\kir[ kr[ C[.

S*ºy kxi. ai p\kirni p\âi[n&> Av$p ail>ki(rk hi[y C[.
t[ni[ u_ir nY) an[ t[ kSij nvi Xinsj<n miT[ nY)
hi[ti.

36
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

p\Ym kxi. ai p\kirni p\âi[ Avt>#i clni g&NFmi[< jiNvi

miT[ hi[y C[. t[ a(At_v, ai[LK, aY<, vN<n, an[ kiy<
jiNvi miT[ k[ t[ni[ aiFir jiNvi miT[ rj* kr[li hi[y C[.

(Út)y kxi. b[ cli[ni s>dB<mi> t&lniRmk lxNi[ni a¿yis

miT[ ai p\kirni p\âi[ hi[y C[. t[ miT[n) bºn[n) shgi(mti,
siÀy an[ tfivt jiNvi miT[ t[ p\yi[jvimi> aiv[ C[.

tZt)y kxi. b[ cli[ vµc[ni[ s>b>F, shs>b>F, ci[±ks

p(r(AYt)ni s>dB<mi> aF)nti kirNRv jiNvi miT[ a[Tl[ k[
cli[n) ain&P>(gktiai[ jiNvi miT[ni p\âi[ tZt)y kxini
p\âi[ tr)k[ vg)<kZt kr[li C[.

etr kxi. upy&<±t ki[e pN kximi> n m*k) Skiti p\âi[

j[vik[ (vcirNi h[qLni, aApOT k[ aci[±ks p\âi[. Aivi
p\âi[n[ (Dli[n etr kximi> m*k[ C[.

37
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fnni p\âi[ni vg)<krN miT[ (Dli[n {1984} n)

yi[jni

p\ân) vg< k[ p\kir p\âi[_irmi> rh[l&> Xin s*cvti[ p\â

kxi
S*ºy kxi ail>ki(rk kS&> j nh)>, kS&> Xin k[ u_ir nh)>
p\Ym g&NFmi[< 'a" ni, 'b" ni v]y(±tk g&NFmi[</ lxNi[
kxi
1.a(At_v/an&mi[dn/ S&> 'a" C[?
Enkir

2. udihrN/ ai[LK S&> ai 'a" C[?

3. t_v/ Äyi²yi 'a" S&> C[?

4. lxN/ vN<n 'a" S&> {ky&>} lxN FriV[ C[?

5. kiy</ upij<n 'a" S&> kr[ C[?

6. ti(k<k aiFir/ 'a" mi> am&k lxN Si miT[ k[ S) r)t[ C[?

38
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

K&lisi[

(Út)y t&lniai[ 'a" an[ 'b" ni t&lniRmk lxNi[

kxi

7. shgi(mti S&> 'a", 'b" n) siY[ jiy C[?

8. siÀy S&> 'a" an['b" smin C[?

an[ Simi> {smin} C[?

9. tfivt S&> 'a" an[ 'b" (Bºn C[?

tZt)y ain&P>(gktiai[ 'a" an[ 'b" ni> ain&P>(gk lxNi[

kxi

10. s>b>F S&> 'a", 'b" siY[ s>b>F Friv[ C[?

11. shs>b>F S&> 'a" an[ 'b" shcl[ C[?

12. si[pi(Fkti S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y C[? k[ Yiy
C[?
aYvi

39
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

S&> 'a"/'b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" k[vi an[ k[v)
r)t[ hi[y?

13. (Ú-upi(Fkti S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y an[ 'b"/
{kirNRv} 'a" hi[y ti[ 'a/b" hi[y?
aYvi
'a" hi[y ti[ 'b" k[v) r)t[ an[ 'b" hi[y ti[
'a" k[v) r)t[ hi[y?

etrkxi aºy 'a" ni aºy lxNi[ k[ 'a" n[ jiNvini aºy

migi[<

14. (vcir(vmS< S&> 'a" krv&> C[ an[ 'a" (vS[ (vcirv&> C[?

15. aApOT 'a" n[ aºy r)t[ jiNvini[ p\yRn

16. aci[±ks aXit

40
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

upkrN ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi siFi- aÃp n(h-

r)t[ a>S[ rN mi#iimi> vt`

1. upkrNn) ps>dg) yi[³y C[.

2. upkrNn) h[t&ai[n[ ¹yinmi>
riK)n[ ps>d kriy[l C[.
3. upkrNn) (vVsn)yti
a>g[n) ApOTti krvimi> aiv)
C[.
4. upkrNn) p\miNB*tti
a>g[n) rj*ait krvimi> aiv)
C[.
5. upkrNn) upyi[g krvin)
r)t dSi<vvimi> aiv) C[.
6. upkrN oiri s>Si[Fn miT[n)
mi(ht) mL) SkS[.
7. upkrN ps>dg) miT[ ti(k<k
kirNi[ dSi<vvimi> aiÄyi C[.

41
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

nm*ni ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[ ~[Oq GNi siFi- aÃp n(h-

r)t[ a>S[ rN mi#iimi> vt`

1. nm*nin) ps>dg) yi[³y C[.

2. h[t&ai[n[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[
nm*ni[ ps>d kriy[l C[.
3. nm*nin&> kd dSi<Äy&> C[.
4. nm*ni[ Äyip(vVn&> p\(t(n(FRv
kr[ C[ t[n) ni[>F krvimi> aiv)
C[.
5. nm*ni ps>dg)n) r)t dSi<v)
C[.
6. nm*nini pi#ii[ni lxNi[
dSi<Äyi C[.

42
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn ke r)t[ krSi[?

ah)> j[n) cci< krvini C)a[ t[ miLK&> Avil[s
{1984} ni s*cni[n[ aiFir[ t]yir krvimi> aiÄy&> C[. Avil[s[
a[k[D[(mk jn<lni a¿yisi[ kr)n[ t[ni tirN$p[ a[k miLKin)
BlimN kr) C[. ai miLK&> s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) p\Ativni
lKvini (nymi[ni[ s[T nY), pN ai a[k upyi[g) mig<d(S<ki
C[.

pg(Yy>&-1 x[#in) AYipni

 (v(SOTtini[ divi[ {Si miT[ ai x[#ini a¿yisn&>
mh_v C[? }
an[ / aYvi
 simiºyY) (v(SOT trf srkv&>
an[ / aYvi
 p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi

43
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

pg(Yy>&-2 s>Si[Fn smAyin[ Äyi²yi(yt kri[

 S*ºyivkiS dSi<v)n[
aYvi
 p\â uqiv)n[
aYvi
 p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)
aYvi
 simi[ divi[ { AYpiy[l aYvi Av)kiriy[l bibt
siY[ as>mtpN&>}

pg(Yy>&-3 uk[lni[ h[t&

 uÑ[Æyi[n) $pr[Ki / h[t&ai[n) gi[qvN)
an[ / aYvi
 p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) jih[rit { pÜ(tSiA#i}
an[ / aYvi
 s>Si[Fn miLKini[ uÃl[K

44
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

x[#i
si] p\Ym tm[ j[ x[#imi> s>Si[Fn krvini Ci[ t[ s>Si[Fn x[#in[
AYi(pt kri[ an[ s>Si[Fn smAyini[ s>dB< aipi[. ai (vBign[
#iN GTki[ C[:
k[ºW)ytini[ divi[. divi[ kri[ k[ ai s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i K*b j
agRyn&> C[ an[ t[Y) hiY Frinir s>Si[Fn pN (v(SOT C[.
simiºyY) (v(SOT. GNibFi> lKiNi[ simiºy (vgti[Y)
S$ Yiy C[ an[ pC) (v(SOT trf aigL vF[ C[. ai GN)
sir) p\y&(kt C[.
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[. GN)vir j[ x[#imi> s>Si[Fn hiY
Frinir hi[y t[ s>Si[Fn x[#imi> p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[ni[ a¿yis
dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[ j[Y) p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) páidB*(mki aip)
Skiy.

smAyi
tmi$> s>Si[Fn am&k r)t[ nv&> hi[v&> j ji[ea[. t[ni oiri ps>d
kriy[l s>Si[Fn x[#imi> k>e>k nv&> Xin um[riv&> ji[ea[. tmir[
dSi<vv&> ji[ea[ k[ tmi$> kiy< ke r)t[ s>Si[Fn x[#ini

45
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

vNK[Diy[li p[Tix[#i/ m&Ñi / p\â n[ ApS< krS[. aYvi tmiri

x[#imi> K[DiN Yy&> hi[y ti[ tm[ ke (v(SOT r)t[ s>Si[Fn hiY
Frvini Ci[? T*>kmi>, tmir[ tmiri kiy< miT[ tk< dSi<vvini[ C[ {
Si miT[ tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Frvini C[?}. tm[ tmiri x[#imi> nv&>
Xin um[rvini Ci[ t[ dSi<vvi miT[ni cir migi[< C[.
S*ºyivkiS (Gap) dSi<v)n[. pi[tini x[#imi> s>Si[Fn n
Yyi> hi[y aYvi ti[ K*b ai[Ci s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> hi[y a[ pi[t[
s>Si[Fn hiY Frvi miT[n&> a[k sbL kirN C[. p*v[< Yy[li
s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi oiri tm[ dSi<v) Ski[ k[ kyi> S*ºyivkiS
sji<yi[ C[. aYvi ¶yi> ai[Ci s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> hi[y Ryi> kyi a[vi
m&Ñi/ p[Tix[#ii[ C[ j[ni upr s>Si[Fn hiY Fr) Skiy C[ {
j[ni upr tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr)n[ S*ºyivkiS Br) Ski[ a[m
Ci[}.
p\â uqiv)n[ ( Raising a question). s>Si[Fn
smAyin[ ki[e p\â uqiv)n[ pN ApOT kr) Skiy, k[ j[ni jvib
hj& mÇyi[ nY) an[ j[ m[Lvvini[ p\yRn tmiri s>Si[Fnmi>
krvimi> aivnir C[.

46
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)

(Continuing a Previous line of Inquiry). j[ni
upr s>Si[Fn krvimi> aiv) c*±y&> C[, pr>t&> nvi[ nm*ni[, nvi[
(vAtir, vFirini GTki[ vg[r[n[ len[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr) Skiy.
aim p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) mig<d(S<kin[ aiFir[ smAyi ApOT
kr) Skiy.
simi[ divi[ (Counter Claiming) { AYpiy[l
aYvi Av)kiriy[l bibt siY[ as>mtpN&>}. ki[e s>Si[Fnn)
pÜ(t k[ p\(k\yin[ len[ p\(t- divi[ Ye Sk[.
uk[lni[ h[t& (Solution). a[k vir x[#i an[ smAyin[
Äyi²yi(yt Ye jiy, ti[ aºy S¾dmi> uk[l dSi<vvini[ ai
yi[³y smy C[: s>Si[Fnni[ S*ºyivkiS ke r)t[ p*riS[? uk[l
miT[ni[ p\â k[vi[ hS[? B*(mkini[ ai a>(tm Big liBi[
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s>Si[Fn oiri S&> Si[FiS[ ? an[ ke r)t[ t[ni[ upyi[g YS[? t[
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47
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

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h[t&n[ a[k vi±ymi> dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[ an[ Ryir bid (v(SOT
h[t&ai[n[ k\mS: dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) jih[rit { pÜ(tSiA#i} (
Announcing Present Research). pi[tini
s>Si[Fnn) pÜ(tni m&²y m&Ñiai[ni[ s>Si[Fnni Äyip siY[ a#i[
dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[. ji[ k[ pÜ(tSiA#i (Methodology) n[
ah)> (vAtirY) dSi<vvimi> nY) aivt). { pÜ(tSiA#i
(Methodology) n[ t[ni Avt>#i m&Ñimi> (vAtirY)
smjivvimi> aiv[ C[.}

s>Si[Fn miLKini[ uÃl[K ( Indicating the

Structure of the Research). ah)> smg\ s>Si[Fnn[
ke r)t[ hiY Frvimi> aivS[ t[n) aRy>t T*>kmi> mi(ht)

48
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

aipvimi> aiv[ C[ j[Y) vickn[ S&> hiY Frinir C[ t[n) T*>kmi>

pN ApOT smj mL) rh[.

49
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

g&jrit) (vPymi> (j³siˆ a¹yyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti

Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Design in the
Subject of Gujarati

mig<dS<k a¿yisk
Diƒ.jgd)p si[nvN[ jin) jÃpi a[c.

(SxNSiA#i Bvn, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T), Bivngr

p\Ativ rj*ait ti. 16/02/2011

s>Si[Fn p\kir: s>²yiRmk p\iyi[(gk s>Si[Fn

s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i: S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j
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trf p\g(t kr) C[ { (kl)k,2008}. GNi> s>Si[Fni[ an[
(SxNSiA#i)ai[a[ jNiÄy&> C[ k[ (SxNpÜ(t a[ (SxNn&> smAyiy& ±t
x[#i C[ { sh[rin,1990; Al[v)n,1995}. (vwiY)<ai[n[ sj<nS)l
bnivvi an[ smAyi uk[l trf di[r) jvi a[ aiF&(nk

50
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an[ t[ai[ pi[tin) r)t[ a¹yyn krti Yiy t[ K*b j mh_vn&> C[ {
g)l)s,2006}. ai Ø(OTa[ shkir) a¹yyn a[ K*b j mh_vn&>
bn) rh[ C[ { (f>kl an[ (vÃs,1996}.

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krti hi[y C[. t[ai[ a[k-b)jin[ mdd kr[ C[. ai p\(k\yi oiri t[ai[
aiRm(vVis k[Lv[ C[, p\Ryiyn ki]SÃyni[ (vkis kr[ C[ an[ smin
lxn) p\i(¼t kr[ C[. ai smg\ p\(k\yimi> (vwiY)<ai[n) s(k\y
Big)dir) hi[y C[ { bi[(l>g, 1994}. shkir) a¹yyn a[ a[v)
a¹yyn p\(k\yi C[ k[ j[N[ (vwiY)<ai[, (Sxki[ an[ (Sxk-p\(Sxki[n&>
¹yin pi[tin) trf K[µy&> C[{ (p\ciD< an[ AT[nfi[D<,2006}.

v](Vk Atr[ shkir) a¹yyn upr (vS[P s>Si[Fni[ Yyi>

C[{ji[rDn an[ (mtiys,1997; ji[nsn, ji[nsn an[
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51
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simi(jk mni[v]Xi(nk a[ÃyiT a[ri[nsn {1971} a[ kr) ht). ai

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j[ni m&Ñiai[n[ t[ai[ a>dri[a>dr S)K[ an[ S)Kv[ C[. (j³siˆ p\y&(±tn[
aiFi(rt an[k s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> C[{ mil&f, 1986; (pTrsn an[
j[fr), 2004}. ai s>Si[Fni[a[ (j³siˆ p\y&(±tn[ vFir[ asrkirk
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rcni krv).

52
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2. g\iÀy (vAtirn) SiLini Fi[rN nvni (vwiY)<ai[ pr (j³siˆ

a¹yyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti tpisv).
3. Sh[r) (vAtirn) SiLini Fi[rN nvni (vwiY)<ai[ pr (j³siˆ
a¹yyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti tpisv).

a¿yisn) uRkÃpniai[
p\At&t a¿yis miT[ si] p\Ym s>Si[Fn uRkÃpnin) rcni krvimi>
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(vwiY)<ai[ni u_irksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n) srisr)ai[ vµc[ siY<k
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1.Avt>#i cl. p\At&t a¿yismi> (j³siˆ a¹yyn yi[jni an[
pr>prigt (SxN yi[jni a[ Avt>#i cl hS[.

53
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a¿yisn) x[#i- myi<di

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54
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an[ Sh[r) (vAtirn) a[k-a[k SiLin) ps>dg) krvimi>
aivS[. ai SiLiai[mi>Y) Fi[rN-9 ni 64 p\(tSiLi a[m k&l
128 (vwiY)<ai[n) ps>dg) kr) nm*nimi> smiv[S krvimi>
aivS[.

a¿yisn&> mh_v
 p\At&t a¿yis p*N< Yti g&jrit) (vPymi> (j³siˆ a¹yyn
yi[jni p\i¼t YS[.
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C[[ j[mi> vg<K>D a>tg<t j nini nini a¿yis j*Yi[ bn[ C[.
D[lir (rpi[T< pN shkir aiFi(rt (SxNn) BlimN kr[ C[
{mh[ti, 2000}. ai m&jbn) yi[jni a¹yynmi> upyi[g)
bn) Sk[.

55
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

 (j³siˆ a¹yyn yi[jnin) g&jrit) (vPymi> asrkirkti

jiNvi mLS[.
 ni[l[j ki[ºsi[T)<ym ai[f g&jrit (KCG) pN (SxNmi>
sk\)y a¹yipn p\y&(±tai[n) BlimN kr[ C[.

S¾dn) Äyvhi@ Äyi²yi

(j³siˆ a¹yyn yi[jni. a[k a¹yyn yi[jni j[n) rcni
a[ÃyiT a[rinsn{1971} oiri krvimi> aiv) ht). t[ yi[jnin[
aiFir[ 32 (vwiY)<ai[n[ cir (vwiY)<ai[ni a[k a[vi nv j*Yi[mi>
vh[>c)n[ nini- nini j*Ymi> a¹yyn an[ a¹yipn krivvin)
yi[jni.
asrkirkti. p\iyi[(gk j*Y an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni u_ir ksi[T)
prni sr[riS p\i¼ti>ki[n) srisr)ni[ siY<k tfivt a[Tl[
asrkirkti.
p\iyi[(gk j*Y. p\At&t a¿yismi> b[ j*Y p]k)ni j[ j*Yn[ (j³siˆ
a¹yyn yi[jni oiri a¹yyn krivvimi> aivS[, t[ j*Y a[Tl[
p\iyi[(gk j*Y.

56
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

(ny>(#it j*Y. p\At&t a¿yismi> b[ j*Y p]k)ni j[ j*Yn[

pr>prigt a¹yyn yi[jni oiri a¹yyn krivvimi> aivS[, t[ j*Y
a[Tl[ (ny>(#it j*Y.

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hiY Frinir hi[e, b>n[ (vAtiri[mi>Y) a[k - a[k SiLin) ps>dg)
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57
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

riK)n[ (j³siˆ a¹yyn yi[jnin) rcni kriS[. ai upri>t a[k

ksi[T)n) rcni kriS[ j[ni[ upyi[g b>n[ (vAtiri[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[
an[ (ny>(#it j*Yi[mi> u_ir ksi[T) tr)k[ krvimi> aivS[.

p\yi[g yi[jni
si] p\Ym Ij³siˆ a¹yyn yi[[jnini m*L p\yi[g an&sir
p*v<p\yi[g krvimi> aivS[. Ij³siˆ a¹yyn yi[[jnin) asrkirkti
tpisvi miT[ mi#i u_irksi[T) smkxj*Y yi[jni { b[AT an[
kih`n,2009} ps>d krvimi> aivS[.
si] p\Ym 32-32 (vwiY)<ai[ni b[ smkx j*Yi[ bnivvimi>
aivS[. Ryirbid ps>d kriy[l b>n[ a[kmi[ni (vPyvAt&n[ aiFir[
t]yir kriy[l bh&(vkÃp vrN) p\kirn) ksi[T)ni g&Nn[ aiFir[ ai
j*Yi[n) smt&Ãyti gi(N(tk r)t[ p\AYi(pt krvimi> aivS[. Ryirbid
n)c[ dSi<Äyi m&jb g\iÀy an[ Sh[r) a[m b>n[ (vAtiri[mi> p\yi[g hiY
Frvimi> aivS[.

58
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smy p\iyi[(gk j*Y (ny>(#it j*Y

aiyi[jn
140 pir>p(rk
(j³siˆ a¹yyn
(m(nT a¹yyn
yi[jni oiri
{cir yi[jni oiri
a¹yyn
tis} a¹yyn

uRkÃpni-
30
u_ir ksi[T) 1 u_ir ksi[T)
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an[ 2
ai p\yi[g cir (dvs j[Tli smygiLimi> p*N< kriS[.

mi(ht) (vÅl[PN
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59
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

p\i¼ti>ki[ni tfivtn) t g&Ni[_ir oiri ckisN) kr) uRkÃpni

tpisvimi> aivS[. ai miT[ jiN)ti kÀ¼y*Tr p\i[g\im SPSS ni[
upyi[g krvimi> aivS[.
smy p#ik
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2. (ot)y s#i: s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) rj*ait, mi(ht) a[k(#ikrN,
mi(ht) (vÅl[PN, ah[vil l[Kn, Tie(p>g, bie(ºDg
an[ sb(mSn

a>diJ Kc<

k\m (vgt Kc< $(pyimi>

1. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN 600/-
2. s>Si[Fn ah[vil Tie(p>g 1800/-
3. s>Si[Fn ah[vil bie(ºDg 500/-
4. aºy Kc< 500/-
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60
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>dB<s*(c
mh[ti, D). p). {2000}. (SxN: (Btrni[ Kjini[. y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y
(nmi<N bi[D<, amdivid. g&jrit rijy
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Bolling, A. (1994). Using group journals to
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Finkel, D. and Wills, C. E.(1996). Computer
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Computer Science Course. SIGCSE Bulletin,

Special Issue, 55-566.
Gillies, R. M.(2006). Teachers and students verbal
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(2006). The educational impact of item skill
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63
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

Bivngr (jÃlimi> vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin n) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n)

asrkirkti

Activities and Effectiveness of Vanche Gujarat

Abhiyan in Bhavnagar District

mig<dS<k a¿yisk
Diƒ.jgd)p si[nvN[ v[gD s&r[S

s>Si[Fn rj*ait
s>Si[Fn rj*ait ti.

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Research)
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64
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vicn an[ vicn (SxN a>g[ (vd[Si[mi> an[k s>Si[Fni[ Yyi>
C[ { (p\ciD< an[ kiT<rieT,2004; hi[Dg[s,2010; hi[l an[ miys<,
1998, v[ATb\*k, 2007}. vicnni p[Ti x[#ii[mi> pN an[k s>Si[Fni[
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vicn a>g[ mi[s{2000} an[ hi[pr{2005} oiri tYi vil)ai[
an[ (Sxki[ni vicn a>g[ l[n[{1997}, Y\i[p an[ H&g[s{2000}
tYi S[fi[D< an[ aºy {2009} oiri s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti. ai
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tfivti[ a>g[ vrmiuY {2004} an[ j*Y vicn a>g[ (k>g {2001}
an[ (v(lyÀs {2008} oiri s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti.
vicn a>g[ni p*v[< Yy[l kiyi[<n) Si[F krti s>Si[Fkn[ jiNvi
mÇy& ht&> k[ (vd[Si[mi> vicn miT[n) alg y&(nv(s<T) hi[y C[ j[ni
oiri (v(vFkiy<k\mi[ hiY Friy C[ {(rD)>g m[n[jm[ºT p\i[g\im, 2009}.
ai upri>t (v(vF d[Si[n) srkir oiri vicn a>g[ni (rpi[T< pN t]yir
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65
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g&jritn) p\jimi> vicnn) a(B@(c k[Lvvi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin
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hiY Frvin&> nkk) ky>.&<

h[t&ai[
1. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin ni h[t&ai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
2. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin n) p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
3. Bivngr (jÃlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
4. Bivngr (jÃlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirktin) mi(ht) m[Lvv).

66
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

p\Åni[
1. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin ni h[t&ai[ kyi kyi hS[?
2.vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t ke ke p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Frvimi>
aiv[ C[.
3.Bivngr (jÃlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t ke ke
p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Friy[l hS[?
4. Bivngr (jÃlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirktin) k[v) hS[?

Äyip(vV an[ nm*ni[

p\At&t s>Si[Fnni Äyip(vÅv tr)k[ Bivngr (jÃlimi> vi>c[
g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t kiy< krti Äy(±tai[, S]x(Nk s>AYiai[
an[ smijs[v) s>AYiai[ni[ smiv[S YS[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> a>tg<t Bivngr (jÃlimi> vi>c[ g&jrit
a(Byin a>tg<t Äy(±tgt r)t[ kiy< krti pi>c Äy(±tai[, pi>c
p\iY(mk SiLi, pi>c mi¹y(mk SiLi, pi>c ki[l[ji[, y&(nv(s<T)ni pi>c
Bvni[ tYi pi>c smijs[v) s>AYiai[n[ sh[t&k r)t[ ps>d kriS[. ai
s>AYiai[ pis[Y) mL[l mi(ht)ni[ aiFir len[ vi>c[ g&jrit
a(Byinmi> Big l[nir liBiY)< p]k) pi>c liBiY)<ni[ sh[t&k nm*ni[
len[ a(Byinn) asrkirkti tpisvimi> aivS[.

67
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

x[#i myi<di
 p\At&t a¿yismi> vi>c[ g&jrit a¿yisn) p\vZ(_iai[ jiNvi
miT[ (n(át kr[l Äy(±tai[, S]x(Nk an[ smijs[v)
s>AYiai[ni[ j smiv[S kriS[.
 p\At&t a¿yisk\mn) asrkirkti jiNvi miT[ a(Byinni
p\Ym aiq misni smygiLini[ j smiv[S krvimi> aivS[.

a¿yisn&> mh_v
 Birt d[Sn) ri¶y srkir oiri nig(rki[ni vicn miT[ni
si] p\Ym a(Byin a[vi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byinni h[t&ai[n)
mi(ht) mLS[.
 vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY Frinir p\vZ(_iai[n)
(vgt jiNvi mLS[, j[Y) keke p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Frv)
ji[ea[ t[ a>g[n) ApOTti p\Ry[k vickn[ YS[.
 Bivngr (jÃlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yt) p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) mLS[. j[Y) (jÃlimi> hiY Friy[l
p\vZ(_iai[ an[ hiY Frvin) bik) rh[t) p\vZ(_iai[ a>g[n&>
(c#i ApOT YS[.
 Bivngr (jÃlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi mLS[. j[Y) (jÃlimi>
68
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

hiY Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) asrkirktin[ aiFir[ aºy

(jÃliai[n[ mig<dS<n aip) SkiS[.
 Bivngr (jÃlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi a>g[n&> (m~ pÜ(t
s>Si[Fn (Mixed Method Research) p\kirn&> ai si]
p\Ym s>Si[Fn hS[.
S¾dn) Äyvhi@ Äyi²yi
vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin. g&jrit ri¶yni s&vN< jy>(t ujvN)
vP< a>tg<t g&jrit ri¶yn) p\jimi> vicnn) a(B$(c k[Lvvi miT[
g&jrit srkir oiri aiyi[(jt a(Byin, j[n) S$ait 1 a[(p\l,
2010 ni ri[j krvimi> aiv) ht).
asrkirkti. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byinn) p\vZ(_iai[ oiri
a(Byinni h[t&ai[n) (s(Ü a[Tl[ asrkirkti.

upkrN
m&±t jvib) p\Ånivl), ah[vil- si(hRy, m&likit, vt<minp#ii[,
(nr)xN
mi(ht) a[k#i)krN
p\At&t a¿yismi> mi(ht) a[k#i)krN b[ tb±kimi> krvimi> aivS[.
p\Ym tb±kimi> m&kt jvib) p\Ånivl), ah[vil si(hRy,

69
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

vt<minp#ii[ tYi (nr)xNni[ upyi[g kr)n[ mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi>

aivS[. b)ji tb±kimi> p\Ym tb±kimi> mL[l mi(ht)ni aiFir[
t[mi>Y) sh[t&k r)t[ nm*ni[ ps>d kr) (nr)xN an[ m*likit oiri
mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi> aivS[.

mi(ht) (vÅl[PN
mi(ht) (vÅl[PN miT[ (m~ pÜ(t s>Si[Fn (Mixed
Method Research) miT[n) k\[sv[l an[ klik< {2007} ni
s*cni[n[ aiFir[ ki[(D>g kr)n[ mi(ht)n&> aY<FTn kriS[. ai a¿yismi>
mi(ht)ni (vÅl[PN k[ pZY±krNn) r)t (m~ pÜ(t s>Si[Fn
(Mixed Method Research) n[ an&srt) hS[.

smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i: s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) t]yir) an[ s>dB< si(hRyn&> vicn
2. (ot)y s#i: s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) rj*ait, mi(ht) a[k(#ikrN,
mi(ht) (vÅl[PN, ah[vil l[Kn, Tie(p>g, bie(ºDg
an[ sb(mSn

70
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

a>diJ Kc<

k\m (vgt Kc< $(pyimi>

1. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN 600/-
2. s>Si[Fn ah[vil Tie(p>g 1800/-
3. s>Si[Fn ah[vil bie(ºDg 500/-
4. aºy Kc< 1000/-
k&l Kc< 3900/-

71
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fn p\Ativ

(SS&(vhir s>AYi: AYipni, (vkis an[ p\din

a¿yisk mig<dS<k
rij[ºW b). gi[(hl Diƒ. jgd)p si[nvN[

s>Si[Fn rj*ait
s>Si[Fn rj*ait ti.

s>Si[Fn p\kir: Äy(±t a¿yis

s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i: S]x(Nk an[ simi(jk ÄyvAYipn

72
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

B*(mki
(SxNn) p\(k\yin[ a(Klieni s>dB<mi> jiNvi miT[ (vwiY)<ai[,
(Sxki[ an[ vg<K>D vitivrNni[ a¿yis upri>t S]x(Nk s>AYini[
a¿yis krvi[ a(nviy< C[. S]x(Nk s>AYini u>DiNp*v<k krvimi>
aivti s>Si[Fni[ni[ smiv[S Äy(±t a¿yis a>tg<t Yiy C[.
Äy(±t a¿yis a[ g&NiRmk (vÅl[PNn&> a[v&> Av$p C[ k[ j[mi>
ki[e a[k Äy(±t, p(r(AYt), GTni, s>AYi, (vcirFiri k[ simi(jk
j*Yn) u>DiNp*v<k an[ s>p*N< tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn h[qLni
a[kmni dr[k[ dr[k pisini[ z)NvTByi[< a¿yis kr)n[ t[n&> (vgtp*N<
vN<n an[ pZY±±rN krvimi> aiv[ C[, j[ni prY) aY<GTni[ an[
simiºy)krNi[ tirvvimi> aiv[ C[ { b[AT an[ kih`n, 2009}.
m*LB&t r)t[ Äy(±t a¿yisni[ upyi[g tb)b) (vXinmi> Yiy
C[. j[mi> dd)<ni p\vt<min lxNi[n) tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[, siY[ siY[
t[n) Sir)(rk (AYt), t(byt an[ B*tkiLn[ lgt) aºy bibti[n)
pN tpis kriy C[ {uciT,2009}. ai m&jb j s>AYini[ ud`Bv
t[ni[ B*tkiL, vt<min (AYt) an[ B(vOyni aiyi[jni[ tYi s>AYini
simi(jk p\dinni[ a¿yis hiY Frvimi> aiv[ C[.
s>Si[Fn x[#i[ S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ni Äy(±t a¿yis K*b j aÃp
p\miNmi> Yyi C[. j[m k[ Bivngr y&(nv(s<T)n) yid) an& sir
(SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> Yy[li 678 lG&Si[[F (nb>Fmi>Y) mi#i cir

73
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

Äy(±t a¿yis C[, j[ p]k)ni #iN a¿yisi[ S]x(Nk s>AYi upr hiY
Friyi C[. ¶yir[ g&jrit y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP<
1999-2006 drÀyin Yy[li k&l 197 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) mi#i
cir j Äy(±t a¿yis Yyi hti {j&ai[ pT[l,2008} an[ si]riOT^
y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP< 1978-2000 drÀyin Yy[l
k&l 516 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) s>AYiai[ni Äy(±t a¿yis mi#i pi>c
j hti { j&ai[ uciT, 2006}. aim, s>Si[Fni[ni aºy p\kiri[n)
t&lni Äy(±t a¿yisi[ K*b j aÃp p\miNmi> Yyi C[.
vP< 2002mi> Bivngr (AYt (SS&(vhir s>AYi Kit[ni p\vis[
mn[ s>AYi p\Ry[ (vS[P aik(P<t kyi[< hti[. ai s>AYi upr ai p*v[< ki[e
s>Si[Fnkiy< hiY Frvimi> aiÄy&> nY) {ni.mi.BÍ, Äy(±tgt
p\Ryiyn, j*lie 9,2010}. p(rNim[ a[m. a[D`.ni lG&Si[F (nb>F
kiy< oiri s>AYin) AYipniY) len[ t[n) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) smij
upr asr tYi s>AYini B(vOyni aiyi[jni[ s&F)n) (vS[P mi(ht)
smij smx rj& Yiy t[ h[t&Y) ai s>Si[Fn hiY Frvin&> m[> n±k) ky&<>
C[.
a¿yisni h[t&ai[
1. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) AYipnini[ e(this jiNvi[.
2. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) Bi](tk s&(vFini[ a¿yis krvi[.
3. (SS&(vhir s>AYini s>cilk m>DLni[ a¿yis krvi[.

74
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

4. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) g\>Yilyn) s&(vFini[ a¿yis krvi[.

5. (SS&(vhir s>AYi oiri p\ki(St p\kiSnni[ a¿yis krvi[.
6. (SS&(vhir s>AYini ai(Y<k pisini[ a¿yis krvi[.
7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) (v(SOT p\vZ(_iai[ni[ a¿yis krvi[.
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYini simi(jk p\dinni[ a¿yis krvi[.

a¿yisni p\âi[
1. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) AYipni piCL kyi uÑ[Æyi[ hti?
2. (SS&(vhir s>AYi Bi](tk s&(vFini[ k[v) C[?
3. (SS&(vhir s>AYini s>cilk m>DLni[ Ø(OTki[N k[vi[ C[?
4. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) g\>Yilyn) s&(vFi k[vi p\kirn) C[?
5. (SS&(vhir s>AYi oiri k[vi an[ k[Tli p\kiSni[ p\ki(St
krvimi> aiv[ C[?
6. (SS&(vhir s>AYini ai(Y<k pis&> k[v&> hS[?
7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) simi(jk p\vZ(_iai[ni[ ke ke hS[?
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYin&> simi(jk p\din k[v&> hS[?
a¿yisn) x[#i-myi<di
p\At&t a¿yismi> p\iY(mk s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g kriS[. pr>t&>
¶yi> p\iY(mk s\i[ti[ ap\i¼y hi[y Ryi> gi]N s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g
krvimi> aivS[. s>Si[Fn p\âi[ni s>dB<mi> s>AYin&> m*Ãyi>kn YS[.

75
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

m*Ãyi>knni ai (sviyni p\âi[ pN hi[e Sk[, pr>t&> t[n[ ai s>Si[Fnmi>

smiviS[ nh) >.

a¿yisn&> mh_v
(SS&(vhir s>AYini p\At&t a¿yisY) t[ni lÈyi>ki[, kiy<p\Nil),
s>AYin&> simi(jk p\din, s>AYin) (v(SOT p\vZ(_iai[ j[v) bibti[n&>
s>kln YS[. s>AYin) ai(Y<k bibti[, Bi](tk (vkis tYi p\vZ(_iai[
a>g[ni tirNi[ p\i¼t YS[.
(SxNmi> s>AYini[ fiLi[ an[ t[n) p\(tOqi s>b>(Ft jiNkir)
p\i¼t YS[. s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ s>AYin) s&FirNimi> upyi[g) bn)
Sk[.
S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ miT[ni g&NiRmk a¿yis ai[Ci Yyi C[,
Ryir[ p\At&t s>Si[FnY) a[k upyi[g) s>Si[Fnni[ um[ri[ YS[.

S¾dn) Äyvhi@ Äyi²yi

(SS&(vhir s>AYi. (SS&(vhir s>AYi biLki[ni svi<>g)N (vkis
an[ smijs[vin&> kiy< krt) s>AYi C[. j[n) AYipni ~) minBie BÍ
oiri vP< 1939 mi> krvimi> aiv) ht). ai s>AYi g&jrit ri¶yni
Bivngr Sh[rmi> u. kZONngrmi> aiv[l) C[. j[n) upr p\At&t
s>Si[Fn hiY Frvimi> aivnir C[ t[ s>AYi.

76
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

(vkis. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) ai(Y<k, Bi](tk an[ simi(jk

p\(tOqin) Ø(OTa[ (vkisyi#ii.
p\din. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) S]x(Nk an[ simi(jk p\vZ(_iai[ k[
j[Y) simi(jk (vkis Yiy.

Äyip(vV an[ nm*ni[

(SS&(vhir s>AYini Äy(±t a¿yis miT[ (SS&(vhir s>AYini
(v(vF pisiai[ j[vi k[ s>AYin) AYipni, Bi](tk s&(vFi, (v(SOT
p\vZ(_iai[, ai(Y<k p\vZ(_iai[, simi(jk p\din, p\ki(St si(hRy,
s>cilk m>DL vg[r[ni[ a¿yis krvi miT[ s>Si[Fk[ Äyip(vV tr)k[[
(SS&(vhir s>AYi ps>d kr) C[. Äy(±t a¿yis hi[viY) Äyip(vV a[
j nm*ni[ rh[S[.

upkrN
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ m&likit, avli[kn,
p\âivl), dAtiv[ji[ j[vi upkrNi[n&> upyi[jn krvimi> aivS[. j[niY)
s>AYin) yi[³y mi(ht) mL) Sk[.
mi(ht) a[k#i)krNn) p\(v(F
p\At&t a¿yis miT[ mi(ht) a[k#i krvi miT[ s>Si[Fk s>AYini
vDin) m>j&r) l[S[. Ryirbid s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[ j&d)-

77
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

j&d) Äy(±tai[n) m*likit krS[. avli[kn oiri s>AYini (v(vF

pisiai[ni[ a¿yis krS[. avli[kn p#iki[ an[ m&likitn) ni[>F t]yir
krS[. s>AYin) p\vZ(_iai[n) simi(jk asr tpisvi m&likit an[
m&±t jvib) p\âivl) vD[ nm*nipi#ii[ pis[Y) mi(ht) a[k#i)t krS[.
ai upri>t s>AYini dAtiv[ji[, s>AYin&> p\kiSn vg[r[ oiri pN mi(ht)
a[k#i krvimi> aivS[.

mi(ht)n&> (vÅl[PN
j&di-j&di s>dB<AYini[[ oiri a[k#i kr[l) mi(ht)n&> (vPyvAt&
(vÅl[PNn) pÜ(t oiri pZY±krN krvimi> aivS[. upl¾F
s>dB<AYini[ni (vPyvAt&mi> ki[(D>g krn[ (vPyni m&Ñiai[ yi[³y ti(k<k
k\mmi> gi[qv)n[ (vÅl)OT aY<GTn krvimi> aivS[. ai a¿yismi>
mi(ht)n&> pZY±krN an[ (vÅl[PNn) r)t g&NiRmk s>Si[Fnni
a(Bgmn[ an&srt) hS[.
smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i: s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) t]yir) an[ s>dB< si(hRyn&> vicn

2. (ot)y s#i: s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) rj&ait, mi(ht) a[k#i)krN,

mi(ht) (vÅl[PN, ah[vil l[Kn, Tie(p>g, bie(ºDg
an[ sb(mSn

78
s>Si[Fn drKiAt

a>diJ Kc<

k\m (vgt Kc<

{$(pyimi>}
1. j$r) si(hRyni fi[Ti[kiƒp)ni[ Kc< 600/-
2. s>Si[Fn ah[vil Tie(p>g 2,000/-
3. s>Si[Fn ah[vil bie(ºDg 500/-
4. aºy Kc< 1,000/-
k&l Kc< 4,100/-
s>dB<s*(c

uciT, D). a[. {2006} S]x(Nk s>Si[Fni[ni siri>S{1976-2006}.

(SxNSiA#i Bvn, si]riOT^ y&(nv(s<T), rijki[T.
ci]Fr) D). k[. {2010} g\im d(xNim*(t< ai>bli: a[k Äy(±t
a¿yis. a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T),
Bivngr.
ji[P) a[n. J. {2005} aiÃf\[Dn) B*tkil)n p\(tOqi. ap\ki(St
a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T), Bivngr.

79
 s>Si[Fn drKiAt

ji[P), b). a[c., an[ Äyis j[. J. {2006} S]x(Nk s>Si[Fni[n&>

mig<dS<n. Bivngr y&(nv(s<T), Bivngr.
pT[l, air. a[s. {2008}. a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>Fni siri>S
{1993-2006}. jy p(¾lk[Sn, amdivid.
miYi[(Lyi, v). b). {2010} bi[Tidkr ki[l[j: a[k Äy(±t a¿yis.
ap\ki(St a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T),
Bivngr.
Best,J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2009) Research in
Education. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

80