ANALYSIS OF CONCENTRIC Y BRACED FRAMES
INTRODUCTION
Bracing is a system utilized to reiforce building structures
in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing can
increase a building’s capability to withstand seismic activi-
ty. Bracing is important in earthquake resistant buildings
because it helps keep a structure standing. Y-shaped
bracing systems are used because it makes spaces for
windows and doors when compared to other types of
bracings.
Y– shaped bracing system Y-braced frame, with double gusset plates
Y– SHAPED BRACING- Design
The geometrical parameters of this brace can be deter-
mined as follows,
TESTS AND RESULTS-SUMMARY
 In buildings equipped with off-center bracing, story
drifts at lowest level are considerably higher than their X-
braced counterparts while upper story drifts, accelera-
tions and base shears are considerably lower.
 Effective damping of off-center bracings are typically
about half of their X-braced counterparts and their ef-
fective free vibration period is about two times higher.
 Off-center bracing systems, when property proportioned, can
be effectively used as an earthquake mitigating system.
 Buckling of Y-bracing systems involving out-of-plane displace-
ment that is of interest, and so in-plane buckling is excluded
from possible failure mode analysis.
 The out-of-plane shear of member in the mid-span joint
can be obtained as follows:
 The buckling load, Hysteretic energy absorption and
damping of bracing increases by moving the conver-
gence point towards the center of bay, while the sto-
ry drift at buckling decreases by this geometrical change.
 By reinforcing the bracing members and increasing the
radius of gyration of brace sections, the hysteretic
energy absorption and damping of bracing has been
 The y-braced frame, with double gusset plates, can carry
almost 60% more weight than y-braced frames with sin-
gle gusset plates.
 Specimen with double gusset plates showed almost twice
energy dissipation and damping compared to speci-
men with single gusset plate. The reason is formation of
large plastic regions in buckled and yielded braces.
 Columns resist near 25% of the total seismic shear force that a
reduced inelastic behavior is demanded in the upper sto-
ries, remaining elastic. On the other hand, for the models where
columns resist near 75% of the total seismic shear force.
 A better distribution of the inelastic behavior along the height is
observed, which is desirable in order to obtain a more uniform
distribution of the energy dissipation and, in fact, dissipate more
energy.
 Nonlinear static analysis (pushover analyses) of representative
perimeter frames models for the designed 4 to 16 story build-
ings were carried out using Drain-2DX program.
 Conventional CBF systems are also very popular in low-to-
moderate seismic regions, there is not a clear distinction for their
detailing requirements between high-seismic and moderate-
seismic design.
 In moderate seismic regions, seismic performance of concentri-
cally braced frames can be improved designing them accounting
for the frame reserve capacity and Non-dissipative bracing
connections may provide a significant amount of ductility.
 The analysis confirmed that the cyclic behaviour of the Y-
HSS-EBFs showed good performance for plastic deformation.
The force–displacement hysteretic curves of the Y-HSS-EBFs
exhibited good plastic deformation behavior.
 Plastic deformation is mainly due to the shear deformation of the
link web and bending deflection of the link flange at the link-to-
beam connection in the first storey.
REFERENCES
1. AN EFFICIENT AND DIRECT METHOD FOR OUT-OF-
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FRAMES, Hamed Saffari , Hasanali Mosalman Yazdi,
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