Machine Foundations

DA-1
1. A body weighing 60 kg is suspended from a spring, which deflects 1.2 cm under the
load. It is subjected to a damping effect adjusted to a value of 0.20 times that required
for critical damping. If the body is subjected to a harmonic force with a maximum value
of 250 N and a frequency equal to half of its natural undamped frequency, determine
the amplitude of forced vibrations.

2. A single degree of freedom structure having weight of 587 kN is set into vibration by
releasing it from an initial displacement of 6 cm. Given that its maximum displacement
after one complete oscillation is 3 cm and that occurs in 0.75 s, evaluate the following
quantities: (a) the logarithmic decrement of the system and associated damping ratio,
(b) the damped natural period of vibration, (c) the undamped natural frequency, (d) the
stiffness constant and (e) the damping constant.

3. A field vibration test with a rotating mass oscillator has been carried out to determine
the dynamic properties of a sand deposit. The vertical oscillation was produced by a
vibrator attached to a 0.4 m diameter plate, which was placed on the surface of the sand
(density = 1850 kg/m3, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3). The mass of the vibrator and plate was
250 kg. The displacements measured at a number of frequencies are listed below.
Determine the coefficient of elastic uniform compression of soil and the damping ratio
for this system.

Frequency (Hz): 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 80 100

Displacement (mm): 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.14

4. Determine the SV-wave velocity from the cross-hole test trigger and geophone record
shown in Figure 1, the trigger and geophone are located 5 m apart. The solid line
represents the response from a downward impact on a mechanical source and dotted
line represents the response from an upward impact.
 5. In a down-hole survey a seismic source generated SV-waves and the first arrival
times were recorded at various depths in a borehole. The depths of the receivers and the
arrival times are listed in the table. Calculate the layer thickness, shear wave velocity
and estimate the shear modulus of each layer. The water table is at the surface and the
saturated density of each soil layer may be assumed to be 1900 kg/m3.

Depth,
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
(m)
Time,
(ms - 13. 20. 26. 38. 46. 54. 62. 70. 76. 80. 83. 88. 90.
(miilisec 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0
onds)