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POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA

Kampus UI-Depok
Kode Pos 16425 Telp. (021) 7270036 / 7270042 Fax. (021) 7270042
Homepage (URL) http://www.pnj.ac.id
HORIZONTAL &
VERTICAL
MEASUREMENT
The purpose
1. Understand the notion of horizontal and
vertical lines
2. Can differences between horizontal and
vertical lines
3. And it can apply the techniques
geometry
 Vertikal and horizontal
Item 1  Definitions and differences in horizontal
and vertical lines

Item 2  examples of cases in the application of

engineering

Item 3  Tools used

Item 4  conclusion

Item 5  Criticism and suggestions

 STRAIGHT LINE DEFINITION

Vertical lines
Horizontal lines
Diagonal lines
Difference line
A line is said to be a horizontal line if the line was flat.
Understanding is parallel horizontal horizon (sky bottom bordering
the earth according to the eye) while the vertical line is a line
perpendicular to the horizontal line.
Sample case
 How is external width (maximum fuselage width)
measured?
External width of an aircraft is measured
horizontally between vertical planes touching the
outside faces of the fuselage (body).
Linear dimension
A linear dimension is a measurement of
distance between two points (represented
by a line)
In the explanations, plane means an
imaginary surface (not an aeroplane). Often
they are either horizontal planes or vertical
planes.
 Dimensions of an
aircraft

A - Overall height

B
B - Wingspan

C - Maximum fuselage width

C
D – Overall length

D ?

D
Explanation
Overall Length is the measurement which is
taken between the two points that are
furthest apart, along the length (the whole
distance along it) of the aircraft.
The length is measured along a horizontal
plane. It is the distance betweeen a vertical
plane striking the front of the nose, and a
vertical plane striking the rear of the tail.
 Wingspan is the total distance spanned by
both wings. The span is measuredas a
. straight line between the to wingtips.
 Overall height measures how tall the aircraft
is. Overall height is measured vertically
between the underside of the wheels and a
horizontal plane touching the top of the tail.
 Maximum fuselage width is the external
width of the aircraft's body – how wide it is,
measured horizontally between vertical
planes striking the outside faces of the
fuselage.
 Application in civil
engineering

Measurement and mapping

It is the process of directly or
indirectly measuring vertical
distances to determine the
elevation of points or their
difference in elevation.

Drawing Buildings
In the picture there are also
common sizes of an object,
shall mean the common
size is the size such as
length, width and height of
an object.
 Measurement and mapping can
basically be divided into 2,
namely:
 1. Geodetic Surveying
2. Plan Surveying
Differences in principle of two types of measurement and mapping
above are:
1. Geodetic surveying a measurement to describe the curved
surface of the earth in the field / ellipsoida / ball. Geodetic Surveying
is the Science of art, technology to present information on the shape
of the Earth's curvature or curvature of the ball.
2. Plan Science of Surveying is an art, and technology to present
forms elements of the earth's surface either natural or man-made
elements in areas considered to be flat.
Geometry ground basically consists
of three major parts:
• Measuring basic framework Vertical (BFV)
• Measuring basic framework Horizontal (BFH)
• Measurement points Detail
Vertical basic framework
Vertical basic framework is a collection of
techniques and ways of measuring points
known or determined vertical position in the
form of height to the plane of reference
certain height.
Measurement of vertical basic
framework there are basically
three methods, namely:
1. Methods of measurement of the optical
flat plumb basic framework
2. The method of trigonometric
measurement, and
3. Methods of measurement Barometris
horizontal basic framework
Measurement of horizontal basic framework
is to obtain a horizontal relationship points
measured above the Earth's surface it is
necessary to measure horizontal
Parts of the basic framework of
horizontal measurement is:

1. Method polygon
2. The method of triangulation
3. The method Trilateration
4. The method of quadrilateral
5. The method of fastening to the face
6. The method of fastening to the back way
Collins and cassini
Tools commonly used in the
measurement of the basic framework
of vertical and horizontal optical
methods are:
1. (pic.6) Auto level
2. (pic.7) Tape Measure
3. (pic.8) Signs Measure
4. (pic.9) Statif / tripod
5. (pic.10) Unting-unting
 Tools used

Gambar 10. Unting-unting

Auto level
Auto level (leveling) is an operation to
determine the height difference between
two points on the ground surface. A flat
plane of reference set and elevations are
measured against the field.
MEASURING TAPE
 Primaryor general usefulness of this meter
is to measure the distance or length.
Other uses are also essentially is
measuring the distance, among others
(1) measuring the angle of both the
horizontal angle and vertical angle or
slope,
(2) make a right angle, ETC
Signs measure
Signs measure can be made of wood,
aluminum alloys are given scale readings.
Size 4 cm wide, the length between 3m-5m
is equipped with a numeric readout of the
meter, decimetre, centimeter and
millimeter. Signs measure necessary to
facilitate / help measure the height
difference between the crosshairs with the
soil surface.
How to use signs measure
When the signs measure will read
through the thread should cross stood
upright on a flat surface.
Note the difference between the thread :
Top A
Middle B-A
Bottom B
Statif
Statif serves as a theodolite or plane holder /
auto level. How to use the stand as follows:
Open the stand and attach straps such that her
legs open (to stand well) installation or
adjustment of the stand must comply with those
that target high or measure, do not get too high
or too low
Unting - unting
Unting-unting or often called the pendulum, is
one tool builders that are usually used to measure
erectness an object or area. Some usage that is
often encountered in the work of building title is
for the measurement of erectness formwork,
erectness timber when setting doors and windows,
manufacture thread horizontal mounting brick
walls, the withdrawal of the center point of a
distance, etc.
Conclusion
After knowing the definition of vertical and
horizontal students can apply in civil
engineering science one is leveling and
building draw.
Criticism and Suggestions

In the measurement of height difference

(horizontal and vertical) should pay
attention flatness and erectness field. Use
the tools in accordance with its function.
QUIZ
1) Explain the difference between horizontal
and vertical measurement !
2) Mention and explain 2 types of measurement
and mapping !
3) Explain and give an example about :
a. Overall Height
b. Overall Length
c . Wingspan
4) Explain about Horizontal Basic Framework
and Vertical Basic Framework !
5) Mention Parts of the basic framework of
horizontal measurement !
 Dimensions of an
aircraft

A?

B? Question 6 ( Fill the

blank )

A = .....
B = .....
C?
C = ......
D= ......

D ?

D?
7)

8) Mention 3 major sections of the

measurement geometry ground?
9) mention 2 kinds of measurements on the
basis of a horizontal framework !
10) mention 3 activities practices are applied
in civil engineering by using the principles of
horizontal and vertical !
congratulations

THANKS YOU