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8.4 Transformer 2017
8.4 Transformer 2017
8.4 Transformer 2017
IDEA OF TRANSFORMER
What will happen if a mobile phone is Power stations generate electricity used by factories, offices,
directly connected to 240 V mains supply? transport systems and homes
How is possible to adjust to voltage of 240 Electricity is often transmitted at 132 000 V, but when it comes
V from the mains supply to a voltage of 5.0 into our homes, it is about 240 V.
V? How and why is this done?
Describe the
structure of a simple
transformer
(a) (b)
Based on figure (a)
When the switch is closed, the bulb …………………… momentary.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, mentol ……………………….. seketika
When the current in the primary core is steady, the bulb ……………… off.
Apabila arus dalam gegelung primer malar, mentol ……………… menyala,
When the switch is opened, the bulb …………………… momentary.
Apabila suis dibuka, mentol ……………………….. seketika
The frequency of the secondary voltage Vs is the ……………… as that of the primary
voltage, Vp
N >N N <N
s p s p
V >V V <V
s p s p
Example 1: For each of the following diagram, calculate the output voltage and state type of transformer.
Example 2
The diagram shows a 12 V, 36 W bulb lights up with normal brightness when it is connected to a 240 V
mains supply through a transformer. The number of turns of the primary coil is 500. The transformer is
an ideal transformer.
Rajah menunjukkan mentol 12 V, 36 W menyala dengan kecerahan normal apabila ia disambung kepada
bekalan kuasa 240 V melalui transformer. Bilangan lilitan gegelung primer ialah 500. Transformer itu
ialah transformer unggul.
Find/ Kira
(a) The number of turns of the
secondary coil
Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder
(b) Output power and input power
Kuasa output dan kuasa input
(c) Is
(d) Ip
Example 3
The diagram shows a 12 V, 48 W bulb
lights up with normal brightness when
it is connected to a 240 V mains supply
through a transformer.
Rajah menunjukkan mentol 12 V, 48 W ,
menyala dengan kecerahan normal
apabila ia disambung kepada bekalan
kuasa au 240 V.
Calculate/ Hitung;
a) The number of turns of the primary
coil
Bilangan lilitan gegelung primer
b) The current in the secondary coil
Arus dalam gegelung sekunder
c) The efficiency of the transformer
Kecekapan transformer
Example 4
A step up transformer has 10 000 turns on its secondary coil and 100 turns on its primary coil. An
alternating current of 5.0 A flows in the primary coil when it is connected to a 12 V a.c supply. Calculate:
Transformer injak naik mempunyai 10 000 lilitan gegelung sekunder dan 100 lilitan gegelung primer. Arus
ulang alik 5.0 A mengalir dalam gegelung primer apabila bekalan kuasa 12.0 V disambung. Hitung:
(a) …………………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………………..
(c) …………………………………………………..
(d) …………………………………………………..
Diagram 25
Which of the following wave traces is correct when
the extra coil is on the core and connected in series What happens if the a.c. input is replaced by a 3 V
with the secondary coil? battery?
A Dimmer
Malap
B Brighter
Lebih terang
C Blown up
Terbakar
D The brightness unchanged
Kecerahan tidak berubah
Diagram 7
[1 mark]
(ii) State why soft iron is used as the transformer core.
Nyatakan mengapa besi lembut digunakan sebagai teras transformer.
[1 mark]
(b) The number of turns on the primary coil in Diagram 7 is 1 000.
Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
Bilangan lilitan gegelung primer dalam Rajah 7 ialah 1 000.
Hitung bilangan lilitan dalam gegelung sekunder.
[2 marks]
(c) The transformer in Diagram 7 is used to switch on an electrical appliance. The current in the primary coil is
0.1 A and the efficiency is 75%.
Transformer dalam Rajah 7 digunakan untuk menghidupkan alat elektrik. Arus yang mengalir dalam
gegelung primer ialah 0.1 A dan kecekapan ialah 75%.
[2 marks]
(ii) An electrical appliance which needs 20 W of power is connected to the transformer output.
Suggest a modification to the transformer that enables the appliance to function correctly.
[1 mark]
2. SPM 2008/4
Diagram 4.1 shows a computer battery charger connected to a 240 V a.c. power supply. The battery charger
contains box X and box Y.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebuah pengecas computer disambungkan kepada bekalan kuasa 240 V. Pengecas
computer mengandungi kotak X dan kotak Y.
(a) The function of the component in box X is lower the voltage from 240 V a.c to 20 V a.c
Fungsi komponen dalam kotak X ialah mengurangkan voltan 240 V kepada 20 V au.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why a.c. not d.c. is supplied in Diagram 4.1?
Terangkan mengapa au bukan at digunakan dalam Rajah 4.1?
[1 mark]
(iii) State the physics concept which explains how the component in box X works.
Nyatakan konsep fizik yang menerangkan bagaimana komponen dalam kotak X bekerja.
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
4. SPM 2016/10
Diagram 10.4
Rajah 10.4
You are required to modify the transformer in Diagram 10.4 so that the efficiency of the transformer
is increased.
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubahsuai transformer dalam Rajah 10.4 supaya
kecekapan transformer itu meningkat.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Nyata dan terangkan pengubahsuaian berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
(i) the type of material used for the wire.
jenis bahan yang digunakan untuk dawai.
(ii) the diameter of wire.
diameter dawai.
(iii) the type of material of the core.
jenis bahan yang digunakan untuk teras.
(iv) the characteristics of the core.
ciri-ciri teras.
(v) the distance between primary coil and secondary coil.
jarak antara gegelung primer dan gegelung sekunder.
[10 mark]
[10 markah]