Aa¨vq t 1

Jcwb‡ewkK hyM I evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg

m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ  Ávb (K) I Abyaveb (L)

1. myjZvbx Avgj KZ eQi ¯’vqx nq?

2. cuywR cvPvi wK?
3. evsjvi ivR`iev‡ii fvlv dvimx nIqvi KviY wK?
4. evsjv †_‡K cyuwR cvPv‡ii K‡qKwU NUbv wjL|
5. wKfv‡e BD‡iv‡c evwYR¨ wecø‡ei m~Pbv N‡U?
6. I‡q÷dvwjqvi Pzw³ wK?
7. 1680-83 mv‡j BD‡iv‡c evsjvi ißvbx Avq KZ wQj?
8. kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi ˆ`wbK Avq KZ wQj?
9. cjvwki hy‡×i KviY wK?
10.wmivRD‡ÏŠjv KZ eQi eq‡m wmsnvm‡b e‡mb?
11.Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi KviY¸wj wK wK?
12.wKfv‡e wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi civRq N‡U?
13.wQqvˇii gš^šÍi wK?
14.Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i cÖavb cÖ`vb KvR¸‡jv wK wK?
15.wmcvnx we‡`ªvn wK?
16.wKfv‡e evsjvq beRvMiY N‡U?
17.wKfv‡e weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U?
18.wKfv‡e fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m„wó nq?
19.evsjv †_‡K cyuwR cvPv‡ii KviY wK?
20.e½f½ i` nq †Kb?

bgybv m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi t 01

bexbcyi wk¶v-`x¶vq wKQzUv wcwQ‡q wQj| d‡j GjvKvevmx me †¶‡Î cðvrc` wQj| D³ GjvKvq
¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx I m¤ú`kvjx GK e¨w³i D‡`¨vM GKwU ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx I m¤ú`kvjx GK e¨w³i
D‡`¨v‡M GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, GKwU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq I GKwU K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nq| ax‡i ax‡i
GjvKvi gvby‡li g‡a¨ wk¶vi Av‡jv cÖ¾¡wjZ nq| K‡qK eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b D³ GjvKvi gvbyl mgvRm‡PZb
n‡q I‡V| GjvKvi wkw¶Z hyeK ivqnvb bvix wk¶v, gvbevwaKvi, †gŠwjK AwaKvi BZ¨vw` wel‡q
GjvKvevmx‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j|
(K) fvi‡Z cÖ_g fvBmiq wbhy³ nb †K?
(L) evsjv 1176 m‡b G †`‡k gvivZ¥vK `ywf©¶ †`Lv †`q †Kb?
(M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZi g‡Zv Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z evsjvq wK‡mi D™¢e NwU‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v
Ki|
(N)Ôivqnv‡bi g‡Zv DbœqKg©x e¨w³e‡M©i D‡`¨v‡Mi djB fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi c_ myMg K‡iÕ-
Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi~cY K‡iv|

DËi t (K)

fvi‡Zi cÖ_g fvBmiq wbhy³ nb jW© K¨vwbs|

DËi t (L)

1765 mv‡j ievU© K¬vBf w`wjøi mgªvU KvQ †_‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi
†`Iqvwb jv‡fi ci G we¯ÍxY© A‡ji ivR¯^ ¶gZv Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Z P‡j hvq| ivR‡¯^i `vwqZ¡ †c‡q
Bs‡iRiv cÖRv‡`i Ici AwZwi³ Ki Av`v‡qi cÖPÛ Pvc m„wó K‡i| GQvov 1768 mvj †_‡K wZwb eQi
Abve„wó †`Lv †`q| G mKj Kvi‡YB evsjv 1176 m‡b G‡`‡k gvivZ¥vK `ywf©¶ †`Lv ‡`q|

DËi t (M)

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, bexbcy‡ii †jv‡Kiv wk¶v-`x¶vq wcwQ‡q _vKvi Kvi‡Y mvgwMÖKfv‡e cðvrc` wQj|
G cðvrc` Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi R‡b¨ ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx I m¤ú`kvjx GK e¨w³ wk¶v cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Aci w`‡K wkw¶Z hyeK ivqnvb bvix wk¶v, gvbevwaKvi, †gŠwjK AwaKvi
BZ¨vw` wel‡q GjvKvevmx‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j|
G cwiw¯’‡Zi mv‡_ Ebwesk kZvãxi evsjvi cwiw¯’wZi Zzjbv Ki‡j ej‡Z cvwi †h, Bs‡iR‡`i
mn‡hvwMZvq ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq I Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Abyi~c f~wgKv cvjb K‡i mgvRms¯‹vi
f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| Bs‡iR‡`i Øviv cÖwZwôZ ms¯‹…Z K‡jR, KjKvZv Avjxqv gv`ªvmv, KjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq cÖf~wZ wk¶v cÖwZôvb‡K †K›`ª K‡i evsjvi mgvR †_‡K cÖPwjZ wek¦vm, bvbv
ms¯‹vi, weavb m¤ú‡K© G `yÕRb gbxlx mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡Kb| G Av‡›`vj‡bi
dj¯^i~c wn›`ymgvR †_‡K mZx`vn cÖ_v D‡”Q` nq, weave weevn Pvjy nq, bvix wk¶v we¯Ív‡ii c_
myMg nq|

DËi t (N)

Ôivqnv‡bi g‡Zv DbœqKg©x e¨w³e‡M©i D‡`¨v‡Mi djB fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi c_ myMg K‡iÕ-wb‡P
Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi~cY Kiv n‡jv-
DÏxc‡Ki ivqnvb ‡hgb GjvKvevmx‡K bvix wk¶v, gvbevwaKvi, †gŠwjK AwaKvi BZ¨vw` wel‡q
m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j wVK †Zgwb wKQz e¨w³e‡M©i D‡`¨v‡M mviv fviZevmx m‡PZb n‡q I‡V,
Bs‡iR‡`i wei~‡× †mv”Pvi nq| Bs‡iR‡`i AvaywbK wk¶vi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m ¯’vbxq wKQz gvby‡li g‡a¨
bZzb †PZbvi ùziY NU‡Z _v‡K| mZx`v‡ni g‡Zv cÖ_vi wei~‡× Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq Ges weave weev‡ni
c‡¶ gZ ˆZwi nq GQvov wKQz ms‡e`bkxj gvbyl mgv‡Ri w`‡K bRi †`q Ges evsjv fvlvi msev`cÎ
cÖKvk K‡i Bs‡iR‡`i weiæ‡× RbgZ m„wó K‡i| ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi, wW‡ivwRI
cÖgyL Aev‡a gy³ g‡b Ávb PP©vi aviv ˆZwi K‡ib| GQvov ew¼gP›`ª, ga~m`b, gxi †gvkvid,
iex›`ªbv_, kirP›`ª, KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi mvwn‡Z¨i weKv‡k N‡U| ¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•Lv I MYZvwš¿K
AwaKvi‡ev‡aiI D‡b¥l N‡U| Bs‡iRiv e½f½ i` Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| G‡Z evOvwji ¯^‡`k †PZbvi Av‡eM
†Rvi`vi nq, ¯^‡`wk Av‡›`vj‡b AvMÖn e„w× cvq Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e evsjvq †`k‡cÖg Ges ivR
‰bwZK †PZbvi ‡Rvqvi Av‡m| Gi d‡j A‡bK weíex msMÖvg I Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡jB weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK
kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U Ges fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z nq|

Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ bgybv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. gvwK©b hy³ivó GLb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo civkw³| Zviv wewfbœ ARynv‡Z K‡qKwU †`k `Lj K‡i
Av‡Q| Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi BivK `L‡ji †cQ‡b mvÏvg‡K nUv‡bv bq g~j jÿ¨ wQj
†Zj m¤ú` cvPvi| f~ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y, Zviv `Lj K‡i‡Q AvdMvwb¯Ívb| Biv‡Ki g‡Zv mv¤úªwZK
mg‡q †hvM n‡q‡Q wjweqv|
(K) evsjvq ¯^vaxb myjZvwb kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib †K?
(L) evsjvi myjZvb‡`i ˆewkó¨ †jL|
(M) gvwK©wb‡`i AvdMvwb¯Ívb `L‡ji mv‡_ evsjvi †Kvb NUbvi wgj Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡K †Zj m¤ú` cvPvi evsjv †_‡K cyuwR cvPv‡ii NUbv GKB m~‡Î Muv_v- we‡kølY Ki|
2. cY¨ Drcv`‡bi w`K †_‡K BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvi ¯’vb evwK wek¦ †_‡K A‡bK DuPz‡Z| Gwkqv I
Avwd«Kvi Dbœqbkxj AÂj¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡`i †hvMv‡hvM g~jZ evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨| ivR‰bwZK eÜb
`„p Kiv Ges K~U‰bwZK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K evRvi m„wó| GB A‡ji gvbylRb I
Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i Ici ûgwo †L‡q c‡o| hvi d‡j Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvq Zv‡`i M‡o I‡V wekvj GKwU evRvi|
(K) fv‡¯‹v-Wv-Mvgv evi‡Zi KvwjKU e›`‡i †cŠ‡Qb KZ mv‡j?
(L) 1682 mv‡j DBwjqvg †n‡RR ûMwj‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb †Kb?
(M) cZz©wMRiv G‡`‡k G‡mwQj Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges †Kb?
(N) DÏxc‡Ki NUbvi mv‡_ evsjvq BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ûi cv_©K¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki|

3. Rvgvj mv‡ne I AvdRvj mv‡n‡ei gv‡S cvwievwiK welq m¤úwË wb‡q †Kv›`j A‡bK cy‡iv‡bv|
Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei g„Zz¨i ci Zvi †Q‡j mKj mRj cvwievwiK e¨emvi nvj a‡i| Aí eq¯‹ mRj AvdRvj
 mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ †c‡i I‡Vwb| cvkvcvwk wQj fvB‡`i gv‡S m¤úwË eȇbi Sv‡gjv| d‡j mR‡ji ˆcZ…K
m¤úwËi †ewki fvM AvdRvj mv‡ne `L‡j wb‡q †bb|
(K) evwb©‡qi †Kvb †`‡ki ch©UK wQ‡jb?
(L) evsjvq we‡`wk‡`i wewb‡qvM I e¨emv m¤ú‡K© evwb©‡qi Kx e‡j‡Qb?
(M) mR‡ji mv‡_ evsjvi †Kvb kvm‡Ki wgj i‡q‡Q?
(N) ÔDÏxc‡Ki NUbv evsjvq BD‡ivcxq Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb e¨e¯’vi cÖwZôv I †cÖÿvcU Zz‡j ai|

4. ‡`evwkl m¨vi K¬v‡m evsjvq we‡`kx kvm‡bi we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© covw”Q‡jb| wZwb Qv·`i
D‡`‡k¨ e‡jb, evsjvq A‡bK we‡`kx kw³i Avwef©ve N‡U| Zviv cy‡iv fviZ e‡l© Qwo‡q c‡o| Z‡e
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ mKj‡K Qvwo‡q G‡`‡ki kvmb ÿgZv `Lj K‡i| Zviv G‡`‡ki cÖkvmb‡K
AvkÖq K‡i G‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU †ÿ‡Î wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv ms¯‹vi K‡i| wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© Zviv bvbv iK‡gi
‡kvlYI K‡i| Z‡e wkÿv we¯Ívi I AvaywbK Ávb-weÁvb PP©vi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Ae`vb i‡q‡Q|
(K) divwmiv KZ mv‡j evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i?
(L) weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx wQj?
(M) w`evwkl m¨vi Kv‡`i K_v e‡j‡Qb? Zv‡`i cÖavb cÖavb KvR¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
(N) Ôwkÿv we¯Ívi I AvaywbK Ávb-weÁv‡bi PP©vi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Ae`vb i‡q‡QÕ- †`evwkl m¨v‡ii
Dw³wU ch©v‡jvPbv Ki|
5. k¨vg‡ji eo fvB mybxj wek¦we`¨vj‡q c‡o| Zvi welq BwZnvm| mybxj evwo‡Z G‡jB k¨vgj‡K
BwZnv‡mi Mí †mvbvq| mybxj Zv‡K weªwUk kvm‡bi Mí ejwQj| mybxj e‡j, weªwUkiv
†Kv¤úvwb †_‡K kvmK nq| cÖkvmwbK bvbv cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv kvmK wn‡m‡e fviZe‡l©
†P‡c e‡m _v‡K cÖvq `yÕk eQi| e¨emvwqK †Kv¤úvwb nIqvq Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ wQj gybvdv AR©b|
cÖkvmK n‡jI Zv‡`i †jvf hvqwb| evsjvi K…wl I ZuvZ wkí‡K aŸs‡mi ØvicÖv‡šÍ †cŠu‡Q †`q Zviv|
(K) fviZ-kvmb AvBb cvm nq KZ mv‡j?
(L) †Kv¤úvwb kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U Kxfv‡e?
(M) mybxj †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbi K_v e‡j‡Q? Zviv Kxfv‡e kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡iwQj Zv D‡jøL Ki|
(N) evsjvi K…wl I ZuvZ wkí aŸs‡mi †cQ‡b mybx‡ji Awf‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Zzwg GKgZ wK-bv?
†Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|

6. mv‡bvqvi‡K we‡k¦i ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv cxov †`q| GKwU Kvi‡Y †m weªwUk kvmb‡K N„Yv
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m g‡bK‡i Bs‡iRiv ivRbxwZ Avi mvgvwRK Dbœqb‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`LZ| ZLbKvi
mgq Bs‡iwR wkÿvi ms¯ú‡k©B evsjvq beRvMi‡Yi m„wó nq| wkí, wkÿv, mvwnZ¨, mvs¯‹…wZ
mewKQzB‡ZB †PZbv ‰Zwi n‡qwQj- hv Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi c‡_ wb‡q hvq|
(K) e½f½ n‡qwQj KZ mv‡j?
(L) wmcvwn we‡`ªvn e¨_© nq †Kb?
(M) mv‡bvqvi Bs‡iR kvm‡bi †Kvb w`KwUi K_v e‡j‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) mv‡bvqv‡ii e³‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K evsjvi beRvMi‡Yi bvbvgyLx djvdj Av‡jvPbv Ki|

7. wKQzw`b Av‡M gCb wUwf‡Z GKwU †`‡ki `v½vi Lei †`L‡Q| wUwfi c`©vq †f‡m D‡VwQj Av¸b,
fvOPzi, nZ¨v, jyUcvU Avi wek„•Ljvi Qwe| Gme †`‡L gC‡bi g‡b n‡q‡Q GivB wK Avgv‡`i mf¨Zv
wkwL‡qwQj? GivB †Rvi K‡i Avgv‡`i kvmb K‡iwQj| Zv‡`i kvm‡bi mgq fviZe‡l© Zviv m¤ú`
cvPvi Avi †kvl‡Y †g‡Z D‡VwQj| Zviv Avgv‡`i mf¨Zv †kLv‡Z †P‡qwQj AwffveK †m‡R| Zvi evievi
g‡b nq †h `v½vq †h m¤ú` jyUcvU n‡”Q, me Avgv‡`i †`k †_‡K †bIqv|
(K) gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j?
(L) gymwjg jxM cÖwZôvi KviY Kx?
(M) gCb K‡`i kvm‡bi K_v e‡j‡Q? Zv‡`i kvmbe¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) gC‡bi fvebvq †h kvmbe¨e¯’vi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv‡`i cwiYwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki|
