References

American Apparel. (2004). Meet Sophie [Advertisement]. Retrieved from http:/www.nydaily

news.com/life-style/controversial-american-apparel-ads-gallery-1.2386169pmSlide

=1.2386160.

American Apparel. (2004). Classic Girl [Advertisement]. Retrieved from https://www.esquire.

com/style/mens-fashion/g2442/american-apparel-ads/.

American Apparel. (2005). Meet Lauren Phoenix [Advertisement]. Retrieved from http://time.

com/2901435/charney-american-apparel-ads/.

American Apparel. (2006). Bubblelicious [Advertisement]. Retrieved from https://www.esquire.

com/style/mens-fashion/g2442/american-apparel-ads/.

American Apparel. (2007). [Advertisement for Tights]. Retrieved from http://stylecaster.com/

american-apparel/slide27.

American Apparel. (2010). [Advertisement for Tights]. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.ca/

pin/562668547164775355/.

American Apparel. (2011). [Advertisement for Jeans]. Retrieved from http://www.vogue.it/en/

trends/the-trend-blog/2011/04/jeans-by-american-apparel.

American Apparel. (2011). Teenagers Do It Better [Advertisement]. Retrieved from https://www.

pinterest.ca/pin/239253798924761440/?lp=true.

American Apparel. (2011). [Advertisement for Shoes]. Retrieved from https://jourdainracing.

wordpress.com/2011/11/19/american-apparel-sexual-ad-campaign/.

American Apparel. (2012). Now Open [Advertisement]. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews

.com/life-style/controversial-american-apparel-ads-gallery-1.2386169pmSlide
 =1.2386158.

American Apparel. (2012). Puppy Style [Advertisement]. Retrieved from https://ryanholiday.net/

puppy-style/.

American Apparel. (2014). [Advertisement for Shoes]. Retrieved from https://www.esquire.com/

style/mens-fashion/g2442/american-apparel-ads/.

American Apparel. (2014). Meet Colton [Advertisement]. Retrieved from https://weheartit.com/

entry/168444858.

American Apparel. (2014). School’s Out [Advertisement]. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail

.co.uk/femail/article-3059412/American-Apparel-plans-launch-enlightening-blog-social-

issues-LGBTQ-rights-bid-revamp-controversial-overtly-sexy-image.html.

Awasthi, B. (2017). From attire to assault: Clothing, objectification, and de-humanization — a

possible prelude to sexual violence? Frontiers in Psychology, 8(338). http://doi.org/10.33

89/fpsyg.2017.00338

Barber, J. (2011). Objectification of women in entertainment media. Retrieved from https://

sites.google.com/a/uw.edu/media-and-change/content/objectification-of-women-in-

media.

Brooks-Gunn, J., & Furstenberg, F. F., Jr. (1989). Adolescent sexual behaviour. American

Psychologist, 44(2), 249-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.249

Brown, J. D., Childers, K. W., & Waszak, C. S. (1990). Television and adolescent sexuality.

Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11(1), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0070(90)

90131-K
Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.). (2002). Media effects: Advances in theory and research.

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Escobar-Chaves, S., Tortolero, S. R., Markham, C. M., Low, B. J., Eitel, P., & Thickstun, P.

(2005). Impact of the media on adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. Pediatrics,

116(1), 303.

Evans, J. (2016). The NSFW history of American Apparel’s ads. Esquire. Retrieved from https://

www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/g2442/american-apparel-ads/.

Louise, A. (2014). “Petition to American Apparel and Dov Charney: Stop using degrading and

submissive pornographic, amateur style images in mainstream media to promote your

products.”

Taylor, L. D. (2010). Effects of visual and verbal sexual television content and perceived realism

on attitudes and beliefs. The Journal of Sex Research, 42(2), 130-137. https://doi-

org.proxy.queensu.ca/10.1080/00224490509552266

Zimmerman, A. & Dahlberg, J. (2008). The sexual objectification of women in advertising: A

contemporary cultural perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 71-79. doi:10.2501/

S0021849908080094