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IPU MCA Advance Computer Network Lecture Wise Notes (Lec03 (TCPIP) )
IPU MCA Advance Computer Network Lecture Wise Notes (Lec03 (TCPIP) )
TCP/IP is a short form of transmission control protocol and internet protocol. Some of the design
goals for the TCP/IP reference model were as follows:
2.Introduction to TCP/IP
In the recent years, TCP/IP has become the language of the internet. The two protocols:
Transmission control protocol and Internet protocol, is a set of rules which will govern every
possible communication over the internet. These two protocols describe the movement of data
between the host computers or internet. In the TCP/IP protocol suite, there are various layers,
with each layer being responsible for different facets of communication. The TCP/IP offers a
simple naming and addressing schemes whereby different resources on Internet can be easily
located. The IP protocol is used to put a message into a packet with its own unique sender and
recipient address known as IP addresses.
3.TCP/IP Architecture
TCP/IP model has four layers: Host- to - Network layer, Internet layer, Transport layer and
Application layer.
Host-to-Network layer is the lowest layer in the reference model. It is responsible to connect host
to the network using some protocol, so that it can send the IP packets over it. This layer has
replaced to the combination of physical and data link layers of OSI model.
Internet layer defines (specifies) a packet format and a protocol called internet protocol (IP).
This layer is responsible to deliver IP packets to their destinations. Routing of packets and
congestion control are key issues to be dealt by this layer. It is similar to network later of OSI
model.
Transport layer allows per entities of the source and destination machines to converse with each
other. The end to end protocols used here are TCP and UDP. The TCP is a reliable connection
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oriented protocol which offers flow control and error control mechanism. UDP (User Datagram
Protocol) is an unreliable, connectionless protocol.
Application layer allows implementation of all high-level protocols such as virtual terminal
(TELNET), file transfer (FTP), and e-mail (SMTP).
Unlike OSI reference model, TCP/IP model has no session layer and presentation layer. The
functions of these layers are to be performed by transport layer and application layer
respectively. The figure shown below depicts the relationship between the layers of OSI and
TCP/IP reference model.
iv) The layers above the transport layer are all application – oriented.
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5. Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models
6 Protocols are hidden and can be easily Not easy to replace the protocols.
replaced.
8 It has a problem of protocol fitting into a The model does not fit any other
model. protocol stack.