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Answer Key For Unit 3 Progressive Era Packet 2014
Answer Key For Unit 3 Progressive Era Packet 2014
Answer Key For Unit 3 Progressive Era Packet 2014
PROGRESSIVE ERA
1890-1920
http://americancivilwar.com/women/Womens_Suffrage/picket_white_house.jpg http://imagecache.allposters.com
A vote is like a
rifle; its usefulness
depends upon the
character of the
user.
http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/graph%20harv%20col/HC1x8.gif
NAME______________________________________ PERIOD________
Miss Springborn, 8th grade Social Studies 2014-2015
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PROGRESSIVE ERA VOCABULARY
1.)PROGRESSIVE: person who fought for reform during the Progressive Era
2.)MUCKRAKER: someone who “raked up muck (dirt)” on politicians, industry, and
other problems of the cities to expose them to the American public.
3.)MEAT INSPECTION ACT: required government regulation of the meat packing
industry
4.)PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT: 1906 – law that required food & drug
manufacturers to list all ingredients on their packages
5.)HULL HOUSE: Settlement house that offered services & help to women & the
poor; gave educational training, helped find jobs, provided babysitting, etc.
6.)PLESSY V. FERGUSON: 1896 - ruling of the Supreme Court that stated:
segregation is legal as long as facilities are “separate but equal”
7.)DIRECT PRIMARY (PRIMARY): party members choose their party’s candidate
for office ex. the Democrats vote for their presidential nominee
8.)17TH AMENDMENT: 1913 - Direct Election of Senators; the public votes for
their state’s Senators, not state legislatures
9.)RECALL: allowed voters to remove an elected official from office
10.)INITIATIVE: citizens can propose a new law by getting enough people to sign
a petition supporting it.
11.)REFERENDUM: gave voters the power to make a bill become a law by voting
yes or no on it
12.)16TH AMENDMENT: 1913 -gave the government the right to tax people’s
income; more you make, more you’re taxed
13.)SUFFRAGE: the right to vote
14.)19TH AMENDMENT: 1920 - women’s suffrage – women got the right to vote
15.)CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT: strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by
outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated antitrust laws
could not be used against unions.
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As the Civil War ended, increased immigrants caused American cities to
grow. As cities grew new problems arose. Reformers swung into action in areas
such as city government, politics, public schools, and the workplace. African
Americans, American Indians, immigrants, and women also called for reforms.
Many people refer to the time period at the end of the 1800’s to the
early 1900’s as the Gilded Age. This nickname came from Mark Twain,
a famous author, who said from a distance American society looked
golden but when you looked up close it was actually “gilded” (coated
with cheap gold paint).
Progressives
Many areas were targeted for reform such as health and education,
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The First Progressive Progressive President:
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CHANGES IN BIG BUSINESS and THE GOVERNMENT
Teddy Roosevelt the Trustbuster
The CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT was passed to prevent the formation
of trusts and monopolies.
Document 1 and 2:
http://www.blogforarizona.com/.a/ http://www-
6a00d8341bf80c53ef0133ecbb5773970b-500wi tc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/images/trrr.gif
In Document #1, what is the Teddy Roosevelt character doing to the man in the picture?
ROOSEVELT IS TRYING TO TIGHTED CONTROL OVER THE MANS “WAIST”,
CAUSING MONEY TO EXIT THE MAN (MAKING THE TRUST GIVE UP SOME WEALTH)
During this time period Teddy Roosevelt was given the nickname of the
“Trustbuster”. According to these cartoons, why was he given this nickname?
ROOSEVELT WAS TRYING TO STOP TRUSTS (MONOPOLIES)
FROM BECOMING TOO POWERFUL TO MAKE IT FAIR FOR
CONSUMERS
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Problem: The Tenement Houses and Living Conditions
Education Reform:
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Kindergartens are opened for the first time specifically to help
the children of the poor and working class learn basic skills
John Dewey, an important reforming in education, created
new models for teaching children that are still used today
Helped to create the American Medical
Association (AMA) to help regulate the
education of doctors and nurses and to
spread the new scientific knowledge that
was being learned about diseases and
treatments
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Document 3:
Based on your answers from
the previous unit and the
pictures on the left, explain
why Jacob Riis chose to expose
the living conditions in
tenements and ghettos in his
book, How the Other Half
Lives.
spread
People lived in severe
poverty
Sanitation was very
bad
Rodents helped with
in one-room
apartments
Source for both pictures: Multiple families
shared bathrooms
The tenements were
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HULL HOUSE
DOCUMENT 4:
Reformers of the
Progressive Era
- Not all reformers were
muckrakers. Some people
helped others, but did not
expose issues to the public.
Jane Addams wanted to help people who lived in slums like these.
Source: Frances Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University.
Directions: In the right hand column, draw ONE PICTURE and WRITE
ONE MAIN IDEA (the most important idea) in each paragraph.
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Jane Addams, who had become a popular national JANE ADDAMS AND
figure, sought to help others outside Hull House as well. RESIDENTS OF
She and other Hull House residents often “lobbied” city HULL HOUSE
and state governments. When they lobbied, they LOBBIED POLITICAL
contacted public officials and legislators and urged them OFFICIALS TO
to pass certain laws and take other actions to benefit a URGE LAWS TO BE
community. For example, Addams and her friends lobbied PASSED TO
for the construction of playgrounds, the setup of BENEFIT THE
kindergartens throughout Chicago, legislation to make COMMUNITY
factory work safer, child labor laws, and enforcement of
anti-drug laws.
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Problem: Corruption in Government:
Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of
the main ideas of each section
Corruption in Politics:
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Civil Service is the term used to describe government jobs… for
example: police, fireman, state troopers, IRS workers, and all other
This was supposed to help put the most qualified candidates in the
job
You had to take a test about your test and show certain skills
scores and would get picked for job openings that way
government jobs
The law passed in 1883 was called the Pendleton Civil Service Act
state legislatures
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Some of the Solutions to these problems:
The 17th Amendment is passed in 1913 and allows for the first
Voters also were given the right to call for action on many political
issues:
Recall: Voters can now sign a petition asking for a special vote
on an elected official. This allows them to remove elected officials
if they are not happy with them
Ex: The governor of Wisconsin recently had a recall vote on his term
because many were unhappy with some of his more recent decisions,
he won his recall vote and is still in power today
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Referendum: allows voters to sign a petition to vote on a law
already in place
Ex: Puerto Rico ( a US Territory) recently
voted in a referendum to change their
relationship with the United States and
instead of remaining just a territory to try
and work towards becoming our 51st state
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Document 5:
In July 1871, The New York Times ran a series of news stories exposing massive corruption by
members of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine in New York City run by William
"Boss" Tweed. The Times had obtained evidence that the Tweed Ring had stolen the public's
money in the form of inflated payments to government contractors, kickbacks to government
officials, extortion, and other illegal activities. The estimated sum stolen was set at $6 million,
but is today thought to have been between $30 and $200 million.
Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was one of the most talented cartoonists of the Nineteenth
Century. Starting in 1869, he began a series of cartoons in Harper's Weekly magazine attacking
the Tammany Hall political machine. Harper’s Weekly and other newspapers soon joined the New
York Times in exposing the scandals. Nast had been assailing the Tweed Ring for years through
his creative and powerful images, but intensified his assault in the summer and fall of 1871. Boss
Tweed reportedly exclaimed, “I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles; my constituents
don’t know how to read, but they can’t help seeing them damned pictures!"
In fact, the Tweed Ring tried to bribe Nast into taking a European vacation, which the
artist refused. "Tommy, if you will take a trip to Europe for a year, you can have your expenses
paid, and a new house will be built ready for your return, without your paying a cent for it."
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Answer the questions based on the reading and the political cartoon.
TAMMANY HALL AND BOSS TWEED STOLE MONEY FROM THE PUBLIC
AND NONE OF THEM WILL TAKE THE BLAME
6) Why did Thomas Nast choose to expose Boss Tweed to the American public?
HE WAS SICK AND TIRED OF THE ILLEGAL DEALINGS THAT WERE GOING ON
IN NYC. HE ALSO WANTED TO HELP SAVE THE CITY FROM CORRUPTION.
7) Why was Thomas Nast more successful in exposing Boss Tweed with his
cartoons than an author who wrote a book?
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Problem: Working Condition in the workplace and Child Labor
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women’s union to demand better working conditions for
females
One of the most powerful unions was the American Federation
of Labor (AFL) whose leader Samuel Gompers argued for safer
working conditions, higher pay, and right of the worker to
organize
working adult jobs. His goal was to expose the very serious problem of
wages for long HOURS. Workers decided to unite and form LABOR
Some wage laws were passed which stated a MINIMUM wage that
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DOCUMENT 6: TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE
THE FOLLOWING EXCERPT COMES FROM THE MARCH 26, 1911 ISSUE OF THE NEW YORK
TIMES.
141 MEN & GIRLS DIE IN WAIST FACTORY FIRE; TRAPPED HIGH UP IN WASHINGTON PLACE
BUILDING; STREET STREWN WITH BODIES; PILES OF DEAD INSIDE
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According to two of the ablest fire experts in the city, the great loss of life
at the shirtwaist factory fire can be accounted for by the lack of adequate
instruction of the girls in the way to conduct themselves in time of fire.
These men, H.F.J. Porter, an industrial engineer, with offices at 1 Madison
Avenue, and P.J. McKeon, a fire prevention expert, who is now delivering lectures
at Columbia University, are both familiar with the building which was destroyed and
had advised the owners of the factory to establish some kind of a fire drill among
the girls and put in better emergency exits to enable them to get out of the
building in case of fire. Mr. Porter said last night, when told of the fire by a Times
reporter: ‘I don’t need to go down there. I know just what happened.’
Two years ago Mr. McKeon made an insurance inspection of the factory,
among others, and was immediately struck by the way in which the large number of
girls were crowded together in the top of the building. He said last night that at
that time there were no less than a thousand girls on the three upper floors.
‘I inquired if there was a fire drill among the girls, and was told there was
not,’ said he. ‘The place looked dangerous to me. There was a fire-escaped on the
back and all that, and the regulations seemed to be complied with all right, but I
could see that there would be a serious panic if the girls were not instructed how
to handle themselves in case of a fire.’
‘I even found that the door to the main stairway was usually kept locked. I
was told that this was done because it was so difficult to keep track of so many
girls. They would run back and forth between the floors, and even out of the
building, the manager told me.’
‘It is a wonder that these things are not happening in the city everyday’ he
said. ‘There are only two or three factories in the city where fire drills are in use,
and in some of them where I have installed the system myself, the owners have
discontinued it.’
‘One instance I recall in point where the system has been discontinued
despite the fact that the Treasurer for the company, through whose active co-
operation it was originally installed, was himself burned to death with several
members of his family in his country residence, and notwithstanding that the
present President of the company, while at the opera, nearly lost his children and
servants in a fire which recently swept through his apartments and burned off the
two upper floors of a building which was and still is advertised as the most
fireproof and expensively equipped structure of its character in the city.’
‘The neglect of factory owners of the safety of their employees is
absolutely criminal. One man who I advised to install a fire drill replied to me, ‘Let
‘em burn up. They’re a lot of cattle anyway.’
‘The factory may be fitted with all the most modern fire fighting apparatus
and there may be a well-organized fire brigade, but there is absolutely no attempt
made to teach the employees how to handle themselves in case of a fire. This is
particularly necessary in case of young women and girls who always go into panic.’
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Answer the questions about the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire:
141
Shirtwaist trimmings
Only one fire escape, locked doors, no aisle room between machines
Fire drills
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Document 7:
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/imh/101.4/images/bodenhamer_fig02b.jpg
2. What was Lewis Hine trying to expose in his book Kids at Work?
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Problem: Monopolies and the Anti-Trust Movement
Document 8:
EXCERPT FROM: HISTORY OF STANDARD OIL
By: Ida M. Tarbell
Very often people who admit the facts, are willing to see that Mr. Rockefeller
has employed force and fraud to secure his ends, justify him by declaring, “It’s business.”
That is, “it’s business” has come to be a legitimate excuse for hard dealing, sly tricks, special
privileges… One of the most depressing features of the ethical side of the matter is that
instead of such methods arousing contempt they are more or less openly admired… and men
who make a success like that of the Standard Oil Trust become national heroes!... And what
are we going to do about it, for it is our business?
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We the people of the United States, and nobody else, must cure whatever is wrong in
the industrial situation, typified by this narrative of the growth of the Standard Oil
Company. That our first task is to secure free and equal transportation privileges by rail,
pipe and waterway is evident. It is not any easy matter. It is one which may require
operations which seem severe; but the whole system of discrimination has been nothing but
violence, and those who have profited by it cannot complain if the curing of the evils they
have wrought bring hardship on them. At all events, until the transportation matter is
settled, and right, the monopolistic trust will be with us - - a leech on our pockets, a barrier
to our free efforts.
Questions:
1) Why has Standard Oil been able to continue with their unfair business practices for so long?
2) What excuse is given for men in business that use unfair practices?
“IT’S BUSINESS”
4) According to the author, what is the first task of the American people?
5) What does “a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts” mean and what is the author
referring to?
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Problem: Women’s Rights
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WOMEN’S RIGHTS
The Women’s rights movement got its start in a place called SENECA
FALLS in 1848. Here women from around the U.S. met to decide what
SUFFRAGE
Movie: IRON JAWED ANGELS
Women’s suffrage movement
Define suffrage:
THE RIGHT TO VOTE
Major Players: (Explain some details about these women based on the movie.)
ALICE PAUL
WANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.Starts
NWP
LUCY BURNS
WANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.Starts
NWP
INEZ MILHOLLAND
WANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. LED
THE PARADE AND GAVE MANY SPEECHES.
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What were some methods used to achieve suffrage?
What event made it tough for the women’s suffrage movement to succeed?
US JOINED WWI
NATIONAL WOMEN’S
PARTY WANTED AN
NWP
AMMENDMENT TO
LED BY: ALICE PAUL
THE CONSTITUTION
FOR WOMEN’S
SUFFRAGE
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Problem: Alcohol and the Temperance Movement
Temperance Movement:
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Document 9:
http://www.rustycans.com/Graphics/Seuss_Prohibtion.jpg
CARRIE NATION
PROHIBITION
PROHIBITION.
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Problem: Civil Rights for African Americans
American men the right to vote, there were several things that went
said that if your grandfather did not vote, you could not. The
LITERACY TESTS were put in place and if you could not read/write,
you could not vote; and finally POLL TAXES were charged and if you
PLESSY VS FERGUSON_____________________________
Supreme Court Case in 1896
Segregation of schools was legal
Court ruled “separate but equal” – blacks and whites could have
separate schools as long as schools could provide an equal education
to all students
Schools were NOT equal
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Document 10:
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois were the original fathers of the Civil Rights
movement. However, they did not agree on a method to achieving equality. They had
many, many differences. Please record some of their differences in the chart after reading
the following excerpt and p. 622-623.
ONE LAST INTERVIEW WITH W.E.B. DU BOIS
"I never thought Washington was a bad man," he said. "I believed him to be sincere, though wrong. He and I
came from different backgrounds. I was born free. Washington was born slave. He felt the lash of an overseer
across his back. I was born in Massachusetts, he on a slave plantation in the South. My great-grandfather
fought with the Colonial Army in New England in the American Revolution." (This earned the grandfather his
freedom.) "I had a happy childhood and acceptance in the community. Washington's childhood was hard. I
had many more advantages: Fisk University, Harvard, graduate years in Europe. Washington had little formal
schooling. I admired much about him. Washington," he said, a smile softening the severe, gaunt lines of his
face, "died in 1915. A lot of people think I died at the same time."
http://www.theatlantic.com/past/unbound//flashbks/black/mcgillbh.htm
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CREATED THE NIAGARA
Accomplishments FOUNDED TUSKEGEE MOVEMENT
INSTITUTE FOR AFRICAN FOUNDED THE NAACP
AMERICANS HELPED WIN THE CASE TO
OUTLAW THE
GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
GRADUATED FROM
HARVARD
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PROBLEM: CONSERVATION:
Teddy Roosevelt believed that conservation was extremely important, because he knew that once
resources & animals were gone they could not be replaced. Label the map to see what Roosevelt
did for conservation in the US.
KEY:
B= Federal Bird Reserve, G =Federal Game Reserve, P = National Park, F = National Forest, M = National Monument, R =
Reclamation Project
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FORESTS, MONUMENTS, AND IRRIGATION PROJECTS
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Use your vocab list to fill in the chart with the vocab term and the
definition.
PROBLEM SOLUTION
Women did not have suffrage. 19 TH
AMENDMENT – gave women the right
to vote
Senators were selected by state 17TH AMENDMENT - 1913 - Direct Election of
legislators. Senators; the public votes for their state’s
Senators, not state legislatures
Trusts and monopolies were too CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT - strengthened the
powerful and cutting competition. Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation
of a monopoly through any means, and stated
antitrust laws could not be used against unions.
Corrupt politicians would hold RECALL - allowed voters to remove an elected
office official from office
Voters were never allowed to vote REFERENDUM - gave voters the power to make a
on laws before. bill become a law by voting yes or no on it.
The meat industry was unsanitary. MEAT INSPECTION ACT - required government
regulation of the meat packing industry
Voters did not have the right to INITIATIVE - citizens can propose a new law by
propose a new law. getting enough people to sign a petition supporting
it.
Ingredients were not listed on food PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT - 1906 – law that
& medicine. Companies exaggerated required food & drug manufacturers to list all
ingredients on their packages
the effects of some medicine.
The government unfairly taxed 16TH AMENDMENT - 1913 - gave the government
people’s income. the right to tax people’s income; more you make,
more you’re taxed
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