Khotyn

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Khotyn [Xotyn]. Map: V-7. Town (2001 pop

13,200) and raion center in Chernivtsi oblast.
Founded by the Dacians and named after one
of their leaders (Kotizon) Khotyn in the 10th
century became part of Kyivan Rus’; from the

12th century it belonged to the Principality of

Galicia-Volhynia. In the second half of the
13th century the Genoese constructed a
fortress there. In 1373 the town became part
of the Moldavia principality.

From the turn of the 16th century to 1812 it

remained, with intervals, a Turkish vassal; its

stronghold played a key role in Turkey's control of Moldavia. In the 17th and
18th centuries Khotyn was an object of conquest in the Cossack, Polish, and
Russian wars with Turkey. At the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, the combined
Cossack and Polish armies defeated the Turks, but the Peace Treaty of Khotyn

left the citadel in Turkish hands. Cossack armies led by Tymish Khmelnytsky
captured and held Khotyn in 1650 and 1652–3. After routing the Turkish army
there on 11 November 1673 with the help of Moldavian and Cossack troops,
the Polish hetman Jan III Sobieski took the citadel and revoked the Buchach
Peace Treaty of 1672. In 1711 the town was restored to Turkey. During the

Russo-Turkish wars it was held by Russian troops in 1739, 1769–74, 1787–91,

and 1806.

With the Bucharest Peace Treaty of 1812, Khotyn came under Russian rule. Its
citadel was dismantled in 1856. In 1873 Khotyn became a county center in
Bessarabia gubernia. In 1897 its population was 23,800. Since most of the town's inhabitants
were Jewish or Russian, Ukrainian cultural life was insignificant until the early 20th century.

In April 1918, during the Austrian occupation, Ukrainians held rallies in Khotyn and
elsewhere in the county demanding that the region be annexed to the Ukrainian National

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Khotyn

Republic, and the Central Rada sent its commissioner, I. Liskun, to Khotyn. Romanian
occupation of the region in November precipitated the January 1919 Khotyn uprising. Its
population declined from 24,000 in 1915 to 7,000 in 1940. In June 1940, the city was occupied
by the Soviet Army, but during the German-Soviet War, in July 1941, it was reoccupied by
Romania. In April 1944 it was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

The war and Soviet rule brought about major changes in the city's ethnic composition.
Whereas Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, and Romanians constituted 15, 37, 38, and 9 percent of
a 15,300 population in 1930, the respective figures in 1959 were 72, 16, 8, and 4 percent. The
city's enterprises produce dairy and other food products, wood products, kilims, textiles,
clothing, and handicrafts. An agricultural tekhnikum, a boarding school for handicapped
children, and a museum are located there.

A. Zhukovsky

List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to Khotyn entry:

1 Architecture
2 Bessarabia
3 Borodavka (Nerodych), Yatsko
4 Castles
5 Classicism

6 Dnister River
7 Gothic style
8 Khvylia, Andrii
9 Kilim weaving
10 Old Believers

11 Rais, Emmanuel
12 Romania
13 Romanians
14 Russian language in Ukraine

15 Russo-Turkish wars
16 Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church

A referral to this page is found in 16 entries.

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Khotyn

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