Professional Documents
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Directions 2031 Doc Lo Res
Directions 2031 Doc Lo Res
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2031
Dr
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June2009
directions
2031
Draft Spatial Framework
for Perth and Peel
June 2009
Disclaimer
Published by the
Western Australian Planning Commission
Albert Facey House
469 Wellington Street
Perth Western Australia 6000
internet: http://www.planning.wa.gov.au
email: corporate@planning.wa.gov.au
Directions 2031 recognises the benefits of a more consolidated city while working from historic patterns of
urban growth. Importantly, the policy sets achievable goals which will promote housing affordability over
the longer term. This is an area in which the State performed poorly during recent years. Directions 2031
balances urban growth needs with the goals to protect our natural ecosystems. The framework provides for
different lifestyle choices, vibrant nodes for economic and social activity and will deliver on the aspiration of
a more sustainable urban transport network. The framework will also encourage a long term approach to the
provision of infrastructure in an economically sustainable way.
For any planning vision to be successful it must be in tune with the aspirations of both residents and
businesses. The planned growth of the outer suburbs (already anticipated in the metropolitan and Peel region
planning schemes) can meet the needs of most people seeking new and affordable accommodation in more
peaceful suburban surroundings. Increasing numbers of people are also looking for apartments in established
areas close to employment centres with good public transport access. Other people want to remain in the
suburbs where they have lived for many years but no longer wish to maintain a traditional house and garden.
The planning system needs to ensure that all of these lifestyle choices can be provided for.
It is also critical that the provision of infrastructure is fully integrated with land use planning and development.
Directions 2031 strongly supports the development of a number of key strategic activity centres well
connected by public transport. A focus on activity centres is essential if we are to create more efficient regions
which facilitate economic development and reduce the need for travel.
We must of course continue to monitor how our regions develop and adjust our plans to meet global and local
economic and environmental challenges. Directions 2031 as a guiding framework for regional planning will
need to be both visionary and flexible in order to respond to changes in our environment and patterns of social
and economic development.
I encourage your active participation in the long term planning of our unique regions.
The planning timeframe for the spatial framework is the 2031 census year, but we also need to look beyond
that date. The framework supports a more compact and environmentally sustainable city but acknowledges
that we have to work with the city we have. We need to use land and infrastructure more efficiently and we
must in the first instance prioritise land that is already zoned for development. Fortunately we already have
nearly 19,000 hectares of undeveloped urban and urban deferred land, which can be used to accommodate
most, if not all, of the expected growth to 2031.
Directions 2031 identifies the key policy and planning actions required for its implementation. The
metropolitan centres policy has been reviewed and a new activity centres policy has been drafted. Work is
also well advanced on the preparation of sub-regional growth management strategies and structure plans.
Another key element is an integrated public transport plan currently under preparation.
The establishment of a strong urban development program will be critical to the success of Directions 2031
providing a mechanism for coordinating infrastructure provision and land development. A key component will
be the active monitoring of land supply so that land release plans and urban consolidation projects can be
approved in a more timely manner ensuring an adequate long-term supply of affordable land for housing and
economic development.
Gary Prattley
Chairman
Western Australian Planning Commission
contents
01 Executive summary 1
02 Planning for the future 3
Introduction
Where have we been?
What should we plan for?
Planning for growth
05 Structural elements 17
Activity centres network
Movement network
Green network
06 Sub-regional areas 33
Central
North-west
North-east
South-east
South-west
Peel
07 Implementation 63
Submission form 68
directions 2031 v
01 executive summary
The 2004 release of Network City: community planning and developing the activity centre concept. It is not a final
strategy for Perth and Peel signalled a shift in focus for blueprint, but the latest in an evolving series of plans that
metropolitan planning. Emerging from Dialogue with the have shaped the city over the past 50 years. Each successive
City, a process that culminated in September 2003 with an plan is based on an understanding of contemporary factors
interactive forum involving 1100 participants, Network City that influence the shape and growth of the city, and includes
differed from its predecessors Metroplan (1990), the Corridor assumptions about how the city will change into the future.
Plan (1970) and the Stephenson-Hepburn Plan (1955). While
these earlier plans focused primarily on the identification
of new urban growth areas to cope with rapid population What are we planning for?
expansion, Network City identified a range of aspirational
strategies aimed at managing urban growth in response to By 2031, a future census year, it is anticipated that Perth
community concerns about the future sustainability of the city. and Peel will have grown from the current population of 1.65
million, to more than 2.2 million. In order to accommodate
Network city is not a traditional spatial plan that can be used this level of growth it is estimated that we will need another
to inform and guide future growth of the region. Therefore, 328,000 houses and 353,000 jobs.
in March 2006 the Western Australian Planning Commission
(WAPC) released a draft state planning policy identifying While this increase is significant, it is not unexpected. The
nine priority tasks required to transform Network City from a Metropolitan Region Scheme and Peel Region Scheme
diagrammatic representation of urban growth principles into a include more than 18,000 hectares of land that is zoned either
spatial framework that establishes firm benchmarks, targets urban or urban deferred and is yet to be developed. Provided
and directions for growth. this land is planned and used effectively and efficiently, it is
expected that it will be sufficient to comfortably meet growth
demands to 2031.
What is Directions 2031?
However, while 2031 provides a useful medium term planning
Directions 2031 is a spatial framework; a high level strategic horizon, we must also be looking beyond that date to ensure
plan that establishes a vision for future growth of the Perth and the city is able to sustainably respond to longer term growth
Peel region, and provides a framework to guide the detailed pressures. Directions 2031 has therefore identified a number
planning and delivery of housing, infrastructure and services of sites that are not currently zoned, but will be investigated
necessary to accommodate that growth. Directions 2031 builds further to determine their suitability for future residential and
on many of the aspirational themes identified in Network City, industrial development.
but also examines some of the
strategy’s underlying assumptions
in the context of contemporary Directions 2031
growth trends and the existing Metropolitan spatial framework that
structure and form of the city. It builds on Network City aspirations
directions 2031 2
02 planning for the future
Introduction
Over the past thirty years the Perth and Peel region has
experienced sustained growth and is now home to a
population of approximately 1.65 million. These growth trends
are expected to continue and by 2031 it is estimated that the
population will have reached 2.2 million, adding more than
half a million new residents to the city. Planning for these extra
residents, along with the housing, infrastructure, services and
jobs they will require presents a significant challenge for state
and local governments.
Where have we
been?
The evolution of a city is seldom, if ever, constant. In many
cases the evolutionary cycle of a city is characterised by
short periods of intensive development, associated with
significant economic, social or technological change, followed
by lengthier periods of relatively steady growth. In the case
of Perth and Peel, growth has been closely aligned to the
fortunes of the city’s hinterland, in particular the agriculture
and mining sectors.
Since the 1950s, the State Government has sought to the consolidation of existing and future urban development,
guide this growth through the preparation and adoption of the facilitation of job creation and employment growth in a
successive spatial plans. Importantly, these plans not only new pattern of centres throughout the middle suburbs, high
define where urban growth should occur, but also areas that levels of accessibility via both public and private transport
should be protected from development pressure. and a new system of metropolitan parks. It will be achieved,
in part at least, by improved urban management.”
The Plan for the Metropolitan Region, Perth and Fremantle
(otherwise known as the Stephenson-Hepburn Plan) was Network City was released in 2004 following the Dialogue with
released by the State Government in 1955. The plan provided the City process. It emphasised growth management, in an
the early basis for the city’s current spatial form, characterised effort to contain fringe urban growth and enhance opportunities
by urban corridors separated by green wedges of non urban for urban regeneration and renewal within the existing urban
land uses. The plan was designed to accommodate a area. The theme of Network City was to integrate transport
population of 1.4 million people by 2005, and provided for the and land use in a network of places connected by corridors
establishment of three contemporary planning instruments – that allow for the movement of freight and people. These
the Metropolitan Region Scheme, the Metropolitan Region places of exchange were defined as activity centres, and
Planning Authority (now the Western Australian Planning were connected by activity corridors. Public transport was to
Commission) and the Metropolitan Region Improvement Fund. be supported by a range of activities at the centres as well as
the land uses along the activity corridors linking the centres.
The Corridor Plan for Perth was adopted by government in
1970, and was developed in response to rapidly increasing
car ownership and lower than expected residential densities.
The Corridor Plan addressed the prospect of endless urban
growth by consolidating new urban development areas along
major transport corridors and around a network of sub-
Although planning approaches for the
regional centres.
region span fifty years, there are a number of
consistent themes running through them:
In 1987, a review of the Corridor Plan and the Metropolitan
Region Scheme resulted in a new planning approach, 1. an emphasis on limiting urban expansion;
Metroplan. Metroplan sought to accommodate a projected
population of between 1.27 and 1.37 million people by 2001,
2. concern for the protection of green spaces;
and stated that: 3. the promotion of a series of well designed
places or centres and movement corridors
(although the location of these may differ); and
4. the need to plan for population and employment
growth.
directions 2031 4
02 planning for the future
What should we
plan for?
By 2031 the population of Perth and Peel is expected to
grow by between 35 and 40 per cent. This has significant Directions 2031 builds on earlier planning
implications for the city and must be planned carefully to frameworks for the Perth region to provide
ensure we preserve the qualities and characteristics we most direction on:
value - the beaches, parks and bushland, the Swan River,
1. How we provide for a growing population whilst
lakes and wetland habitats, and the Darling Escarpment.
ensuring that we live within available land,
water and energy resources.
With growth comes the opportunity to complement the
abundant natural assets of the region with some of the more 2. Where development should be focused and
urban qualities that are characteristic of cities with a critical what patterns of land use and transport will best
threshold of population and activity - civic and cultural pursuits, support this development pattern.
art and entertainment, and a greater diversity of housing and
employment opportunities. 3. What areas we need to protect so that we
retain high quality natural environments and
The planning challenge is to influence the growth of the city in resources.
such a way that a critical threshold of activities are delivered in
4. What infrastructure we need to support our
locations that are accessible to the growing population, while
growth.
at the same protecting those areas that are valued and give
our city its distinctive character.
Previous planning approaches focused on limiting the take up of land for urban development. However, the urban area of the Perth region has
continued to grow.
Forecast population growth 2008 - 2031 Forecast demographic profile 1981, 2006 and 2031
2008
830 km2
directions 2031 6
03 vision and key themes
Vision
“By 2031, Perth and A liveable city
Peel people will have Living in or visiting our city
should be a safe, comfortable and
created a world class enjoyable experience
Directions 2031 acknowledges these values and has identified A responsible city
six strategic themes that will be used to help shape future We have a responsibility to manage
urban growth in a way that captures the many and varied urban growth and make the most
expectations we have of our city.
efficient use of available land and
infrastructure
directions 2031 8
03 key themes
1 Liveable
Living in or visiting our
city should be a safe,
comfortable and enjoyable
experience
• Promote good urban design and
development to enhance people’s
experience of the city.
2
• Identify, protect and build on
neighbourhood character and
sense of place.
Prosperous
Our success as a global
• Protect heritage places and values.
city will depend on building
• Improve community safety. on our current prosperity
• Provide good quality passive and
active public open space. • Provide a hierarchy of places and
• Foster our cultural identity. locations for a range of economic
activity and employment across the
Perth and Peel region.
For places to be well used and appreciated they must be
• Increase the levels of employment self-
safe, comfortable, interesting and attractive. Good urban
sufficiency in sub-regional areas.
design can help deliver these things, and promote a sense of
community ownership and pride in public places. • Ensure an adequate supply of well
located land for industrial development.
However, the things that we value about our neighbourhood • Protect access to productive natural
are often less tangible. It may be the view down a certain resources and agricultural land.
street, the way children use the local park for games of football
or the fact that we can walk to our local shops to buy the milk
and paper. It is important that neighbourhood character and Continued prosperity is important for the wellbeing of a
values are not lost or unnecessarily compromised by new growing community; however, it is only possible if we are able
development. to grow and expand our economic and employment base in
line with expected increases in population.
Equally important is the unique identity that we have as
Western Australians, and residents of one of the most isolated Employment and access to jobs are important considerations
cities in the world. That identity is expressed in our shared for a growing city. At present the Perth central area provides
heritage and culture, and also in the way that our towns, one in every six jobs throughout the metropolitan region. While
suburbs and streets have developed over time. These are the the Perth central area is expected to maintain a significant
things that differentiate us from other cities, and that sense of share of total jobs, it is evident that this employment imbalance
place must be acknowledged by planners and developers as is placing increasing pressure on our transport systems,
the city continues to grow. leading to longer commuting times and increased congestion.
4
and tourism resource.
Accessible
3 Equitable
All Western Australians
should enjoy the benefits
of growth and changes in
People should be able
to easily meet their
education, employment,
recreation, service and
the city consumer needs within
a reasonable distance of
• Plan for an equitable distribution of their home
public and community infrastructure
throughout the city. • Improve the relationship between land
use and public transport.
• Improve the timing and coordination of
infrastructure for new areas. • Plan for new public transport services
to improve access to a greater propor-
• Improve access to local services and tion of the community.
facilities.
• Recognise and build on the growing
• Ensure an adequate supply of preference for non-motorised forms of
affordable housing.
transport - walking and cycling.
• Promote connections between activity
centres.
New urban areas often do not enjoy the same level of facilities
or amenity as the more established communities. Directions
2031 will reinforce Liveable Neighbourhood principles and
require the comprehensive planning of new communities to Since the 1950s Perth, like many cities shaped by significant
ensure that they provide for a range of local activities at the post war population growth, has been planned and developed
early stages of development, including living, working and in response to a preference for suburban living enabled by
recreational opportunities. the emergence of the car as an affordable means of private
transport. The underlying assumption has been that most
daily trips (work, school, recreation and shopping) will be
made by car.
directions 2031 10
03 key themes
5
Given these historic patterns of development, it is likely that
private vehicles will continue to be the predominant mode
of transport for the foreseeable future, particularly for the
Green
movement of goods and freight, and the provision of everyday We should grow within the
services to a growing community. constraints placed on us by
the environment we live in
Directions 2031 will seek to reduce the growth of individual
car use by encouraging changes in travel behaviour and • Protect and manage significant natural
supporting the creation of neighbourhoods and activity resources.
centres that are based on walking, cycling, and access to • Protect our coastline and rivers.
effective public transport services.
• Protect water supplies.
Government decisions to electrify the metropolitan rail • Reduce energy use and greenhouse gas
system and invest in the northern and southern rail lines emissions.
have delivered significant improvements in the quality and
patronage of our public transport system, and have presented
many opportunities to make more efficient use of land
By its very nature urbanisation has a significant impact on the
surrounding stations.
environment. Appropriate planning can limit the impact and
areas of particular environmental or resource value can be
Examples such as Subiaco redevelopment and the city rail
identified and protected.
project demonstrate the positive impact of integrating land
use with public transport. Directions 2031 supports the
The Perth and Peel region is environmentally diverse and
principles of transit oriented development in the planning and
careful planning has protected a series of high quality natural
re-planning of activity centres to achieve better integration of
areas such as Kings Park, Bold Park, Whiteman Park and
land use and transport services.
Yanchep National Park. Our rivers and beaches are publicly
accessible and protected by reservation. Areas of significant
Directions 2031 promotes the connection of centres by
landscape value, such as the Swan Valley and Darling
effective public transport links. It also supports a more
Escarpment are valued and there is a growing awareness of
balanced distribution of employment and living opportunities
the importance of our wetlands to the overall health of our
in centres throughout the Perth and Peel region to provide
environment.
work opportunities closer to people’s place of residence.
6 Responsible
We have a responsibility to
manage urban growth and
make the most efficient
Directions 2031 also contends that land which has been
deemed suitable or potentially suitable for new urban
use of available land and development, and has been zoned accordingly under the
infrastructure Perth and Peel region schemes, should be prioritised for new
development.
• Ensure growth occurs in places that
provide for long term viability and Part of the rationale for this more consolidated growth strategy
liveability. is to improve the efficiency of existing public infrastructure,
reduce the demand for new infrastructure and services, and
• Prioritise the development and use of
avoid the spread of development that is not contiguous with
land that is already zoned urban or
the existing urban front and infrastructure network.
urban deferred.
• Develop a coordinated and systematic Directions 2031 recognises the need for improved coordination
approach to infrastructure and land use of land use and infrastructure planning. Accordingly the
planning and development. Department of Planning intends to implement an urban
• Minimise conflict between land use development program as a matter of priority. The program
and key infrastructure assets. will play a key role in aligning strategic development and
• Ensure the cost of infrastructure infrastructure provision, and will contribute to a shared
provision is shared equitably. understanding among local councils, developers and
infrastructure and service providers of issues relating to land
supply, development activity, and infrastructure and service
Urban land is an important asset for a growing city and must constraints and requirements.
be used as efficiently and effectively as possible to ensure
the impacts of growth are minimised. Directions 2031 has The planning system will also need to address the increasing
identified a target of 50 per cent increase in infill development potential for conflict between land uses and key infrastructure.
rates and 50 per cent improvement in average residential Buffer areas need to be identified early and then protected
densities in new development areas to ensure growth of the against encroachment from inappropriate land uses. At
city can be sustained beyond 2031. present many such areas are treated as land banks for future
development.
directions 2031 12
04 scenarios for growth
achieved
Preferred scenario
du = dwelling units
gha = gross hectare
directions 2031 14
04 scenarios for growth
Preferred growth scenario 2. Significant planning and due diligence has been
undertaken for new urban growth areas on the basis of
successive strategic planning decisions.
Scenario 2 - Connected city has been identified as the
preferred growth scenario for the city to 2031. It recognises 3. Communities are generally protective of their
that the future growth of the city will be shaped in part by neighbourhoods and there is understandable resistance
planning and development decisions that have already been to significant infill development that, if not planned
made. However, it will require significant improvement over appropriately, will change the character and amenity of
the next 20 to 25 years in both targeted infill development and these areas.
greenfield residential densities.
In addition, without change to economic policy there is a
On current trends it is estimated that the amount of infill significant risk that the compact city model would exacerbate
residential development achieved as a proportion of total housing affordability issues, as it would potentially constrain
development between now and 2031 will be between 30 and the supply of land and force new housing development into
35 per cent. The connected city scenario seeks a 50 per cent the more expensive areas of the city.
improvement on current trends and has set a target of 47 per
cent or 154,000 of the required 328,000 dwellings as infill Scenario 3 - Linear city is considered the least
development. The Department of Planning will continue to sustainable of the three growth scenarios as it consumes the
work with local governments and service delivery agencies to greatest amount of new urban land, exhausting the supply of
further develop the housing targets program and move to start zoned land well before 2031, and requires significant public
realising infill development opportunities. and private investment in the provision of infrastructure
to support new growth. The additional 4,200 hectares of
Similarly, the connected city scenario expects an improvement urban land required to deliver this growth model also has the
in the residential densities being achieved for new greenfield potential to impact on areas of environmental and resource
development on the urban front. At present, new residential protection value.
development is being constructed at densities of 9 to 11
dwelling units per urban zoned hectare. The connected city
scenario has set a target of 15 dwellings per gross hectare
and the Department of Planning and Western Australian
Connected city profile
Planning Commission will be reviewing current policy settings
The following charts summarise the anticipated population,
to ensure that this target can be achieved.
housing and employment profile for the connected city
scenario in 2031 in the content of the six planning sub-regions:
Scenario 1 - Compact city is a desirable model in terms
of maximising the use of existing urban land and infrastructure.
• central (inner and middle sectors)
However, it is a model that would require a substantial cultural
shift to change the way that people are currently choosing • north-west
to live in this city, and significant intervention on the part of • north-east
governments to revisit earlier planning and development
• south-east
decisions and potentially remove entitlements, either real or
perceived. In particular • south-west;
• Peel.
1. There is a substantial amount of land that is currently
under development with some 49,000 lots granted
conditional approval in the system.
Dwelling distribution
Employment distribution
directions 2031 16
05 structural elements
Perth, like all cities, is a multi-layered system of land use and • encourage the agglomeration of economic activity and
activity networks. The physical form of a city is determined cultivation of business synergies; and
largely by the way in which these networks are planned and
• support the development of local identity and sense of
developed over time. In the case of Perth and Peel, land use
place.
and activity networks have been developed to reinforce a
lineal pattern of growth focused primarily on the Perth central Importantly, activity centres will become a major focus of
area. business and employment, particularly in the upper tiers of
the activity centres hierarchy. While Perth central area is
To achieve the connected city scenario Directions 2031 expected to maintain a significant share of total employment,
proposes that new growth occurs in a more balanced way a key objective of Directions 2031 is to influence a shift of
around a diverse activity centres network, linked by a robust businesses and jobs to emerging centres beyond Perth, and
movement network and supported by a green network of encourage greater levels of employment self-sufficiency in
parks, conservation and biodiversity areas. middle and outer urban areas.
Hierarchy of centres
Activity centres Directions 2031 has identified a hierarchy and spatial
network distribution of centres that will be the core focus of the
growth over the next 20 to 25 years. The hierarchy builds on
earlier centre classifications contained in Corridor Plan and
Activity centres are community focal points for people,
Metroplan, while acknowledging the functional differences
services, employment and leisure. Some will provide a
of centres within the same tier of the hierarchy. Directions
diverse range of employment, housing, retail, community,
2031 has also introduced a new tier of primary centres to
education and medical services, while others will simply cater
provide a more balanced distribution of employment, services
for the basic day-to-day needs of the local community. Some
and amenity to the 60 per cent of the population that will live
of these activity centres already exist while others are yet to
outside of the inner and middle areas by 2031.
be developed.
Primary centres
By 2031 it is estimated that 60 per cent or 1.3 million of Based on current population and employment projections it is
the city’s 2.2 million population will live outside the inner anticipated that there will only be sufficient economic activity
and middle sectors of the metropolitan area. Without any for the consolidation and growth of two such centres in the
structural change to the way the city currently operates period to 2031.
(ie with Perth central area as the single focus of high end
employment, services and transport activity) it is anticipated To improve employment self-sufficiency in outer growth
that the emerging challenges of traffic congestion, increased areas, primary centres must evolve from a population driven
commuting distances and times, rising travel costs, and poor consumer goods and services profile by attracting knowledge
employment self-sufficiency will increase. intensive and producer service businesses. To achieve this,
primary centres must build on their existing assets and invest
To address this growing imbalance between where people in the attributes that influence the locational decisions of these
live and work, Directions 2031 has introduced a new tier in the businesses, including accessibility, land availability, local
activity centres hierarchy - primary centres. Primary centres amenity, communications and technology, and the availability
are functionally similar to strategic city centres, with the of skilled labour.
exception that they are the preferred location for investment
in high-order public and employment generating infrastructure
outside of the inner and middle sectors. Locating primary Strategic centres
centres in growth areas away from Perth central area is
expected to contribute to employment self-sufficiency and In their most common form, strategic centres are the main
reduced travel distance for employees living in outer and regional centres for consumer transactions, providing
middle sectors, while also providing a recognisable business convenience and comparison retail, domestic community and
address and opportunities for agglomeration. health services, and professional and business services to
a large catchment population. Directions 2031 has defined
Two primary centres have been identified - Joondalup to the these as strategic city centres.
north and Rockingham to the south. These centres have been
selected due to their central location in the city’s major growth
catchments, and their access to high-order public transport
infrastructure. Other centres may be considered for elevation
to primary centre status in the future.
directions 2031 18
05 structural elements
There are other types of centres that belong in the same tier
of the activity centres hierarchy due to the level of social and
economic activity, accessibility, investment in infrastructure,
and capacity for employment generation, but perform a
different function to the strategic city centre. Directions 2031
has defined these as strategic specialised centres and
strategic industrial centres.
directions 2031 20
05 structural elements
Greater diversity in centres not only provides a more It will be necessary to stipulate minimum residential densities
equitable distribution of services and facilities throughout the to ensure these benefits will be maximised in activity centres.
metropolitan region, but it has the potential to significantly
reduce the number and length of trips by locating those
activities closer to the people that want to access them.
Role of employment in
Therefore, it is essential that these centres incorporate activity centres
transit oriented development principles. Direction 2031
acknowledges that not all activity centres in the hierarchy can Employment is a key driver of continued economic growth and
or will achieve these levels of diversity. However, the intention prosperity. It underpins our collective standard of urban living
is that the higher order centres (ie those in the top four to five and supports the provision of essential goods and services
levels of the hierarchy) will become more diverse over time to the community. Directions 2031 also recognises that
through focused planning and policy intervention. employment has an important role to play in the ‘liveability’
of a city, and that significant benefits can be derived from
locating jobs and businesses within activity centres:
The role of housing in 1. improving the relationship between where people live and
activity centres work can result in reduced travelling times, reduced traffic
congestion and emissions, and increased opportunities
Directions 2031 recognises that the role of housing is critical for non-car based commuting such as walking, cycling
to developing a diverse and sustainable network of activity and public transport.
centres (other than industrial centres), and can deliver the
following benefits: 2. achieving a greater distribution of employment
opportunities throughout the metropolitan region can
directions 2031 22
05 structural elements
Primary centres
Joondalup Rockingham
Strategic centres
City centres Specialised centres Industrial centres
Armadale Midland Curtin 1
Kwinana3
Cannington Morley Murdoch Hope Valley-Wattleup
Fremantle Stirling UWA-QEII2 Henderson
Mandurah Yanchep Perth Airport Kewdale-Welshpool4
Oakley
Wagerup
Regional centres
Town centres Specialised centres Industrial centres
Alkimos Leederville Jandakot Airport Bayswater- Malaga
Ashfield Maddington Shenton Park 6 Bassendean Nambeelup
Belmont Mirrabooka Bibra Lake Neerabup
Booragoon Pinjarra Canning Vale O’Connor
Burswood Subiaco Forrestdale Osborne Park
Claremont Victoria Park5 Hazelmere East Rockingham
Cockburn Wanneroo Maddington- Wangara
Ellenbrook Warwick Kenwick
Karrinyup Whitfords
Kwinana
District centres
Town centres Industrial centres
Neighbourhood centres
Local centres
Footnotes:
1. Curtin includes Curtin University, Bentley Technology Park and the Department of Agriculture and Food.
2. UWA-QEII includes University of WA and Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre.
3. Kwinana includes Kwinana Beach and Naval Base.
4. Kewdale-Welshpool includes Forrestfield.
5. Victoria Park includes Victoria Park and East Victoria Park.
6. Shenton Park includes Shenton Park, Mt Claremont and Karrakatta.
NORTH-WEST
Perth central area
MIDLAND
MORLEY
Strategic specialised centre
STIRLING PERTH PERTH
AIRPORT
Regional town centre UWA-QEII
CENTRAL
CURTIN
Regional specialised centre
CANNINGTON
Urban SOUTH-WEST
ARMADALE
Non urban
Rural
Railways - passenger
SOUTH-EAST
ROCKINGHAM
Major roads
Sub-region boundary
MANDURAH
PEEL
Movement network The challenge will be to ensure that the planning and growth of
activity centres is supported by timely delivery of appropriate
transport infrastructure. Implementation of the activity centres
The day to day functioning of a city is highly dependent on the planning program in partnership with local governments,
effectiveness of its transport network. A significant amount communities and key service providers, will assist in the
of time, money and energy is consumed in the movement of planning and development of centres and coordination of
people and goods around the city, so it is important that the service and infrastructure delivery.
movement network is as efficient as possible.
There are currently an estimated 5.8 million trips made per day Improve the efficiency and
throughout the Perth region. By 2031, this number will have
effectiveness of the public
grown to approximately 7.7 million per day, placing increasing
pressure on our transport system. transport network
Directions 2031 encourages a change in travel behaviour Over 318,000 trips are made daily on Perth’s public transport
to more sustainable options, and anticipates that improved system. While this is an important contribution to the movement
integration of land use and transport through the development network, particularly in a spatially dispersed and relatively low
of the activity centres network will lead to a reduction in the density city, it represents only 5.5 per cent of total daily trips
length of individual trips and reliance on the private motor throughout the Perth and Peel region and an estimated 9.2
vehicle. per cent of all trips during the morning and afternoon peak
hours when major road infrastructure is close to capacity.
While this approach is expected to moderate growth in
individual car use, it is recognised that private vehicles will In recognition of the important role that public transport must
continue to be the predominant mode of transport for the play in shaping the future growth of the city and reducing
foreseeable future, particularly for the movement of goods and dependence on the private car, the State Government
freight and the provision of everyday services to a growing is preparing a public transport strategy to guide the next
community. generation of investment in public transport infrastructure and
identify opportunities to increase public transport’s share of
Directions 2031 has identified the following strategies to total travel. The existing public transport system is designed
address continued demand for private transport, while at the primarily around the efficient movement of people to and
same time encouraging a shift to other modes and identifying from the Perth central area as the commercial epicentre
opportunities for new investment in transport infrastructure of the metropolitan region. Continued growth of the city
that supports and reinforces the activity centres network: will necessitate the extension of these services to ensure
residents in new growth areas have access to high quality
public transport infrastructure.
Connect communities with jobs As residential densities in existing urban areas increase and
and services centres outside of the Perth central area begin to achieve a
critical threshold of social and economic activity, there will
A key objective of Directions 2031 is to improve the be a need to re-balance the system to reduce growing levels
relationship between communities and the activities, services of public transport congestion in central Perth, improve the
and places of work that they access on a daily basis. The efficiency of the existing network by promoting contra-flow
spatial distribution of growth in and around a network of mixed passenger movement, and deliver a more effective public
use, highly accessible activity centres will help to achieve transport service to the emerging network of activity centres.
this objective, and deliver the associated benefits of reduced
travel distance, reduced travel costs, and reduced pressure
on the city’s transport networks.
JOONDALUP
WANNEROO
MIRRAB
BO
BOOKA
A
MIRRABOOKA close to 1.5 million of the estimated 7.7 million
MIDLLLAND
MIDLAND
MORLEY
MORLEY trips per day throughout the region.
STIRLING
STIRLIN
NG
ASHFIELD
LD
D HAZELMERE
Directions 2031 recognises the importance
BAYSWATER
BAYS
SWA
WATER
WATER
A
of walking and cycling as not only the most
LLEEDERVILLE
EEDE
E ERRVILLLE sustainable form of transport, but also for the
SU
UBIA
AC
CO
SUBIACO
PERTH AIRPORT
SHENTON
HENTON
HE TON PA
PARK
ARK
ARK
contribution it can make to the overall travel
BURSWOOD
BEL
LMMONT
BELMONT picture as other parts of the movement network
UWA/QEII
UWA
UWA/
LARE
A EEM
MONT
MO T
CLAREMONT
become more heavily congested.
VICTO
ORIA
VICTORIA
PARK
PA
ARRK
K
WELSHPOOL/KEWDALE
Activity centres will be planned and designed
on transit oriented development principles to
CANNINGTON
promote walking and cycling as an alternative
BOORAGOON
to the private car. Liveable Neighbourhoods
FFREMANTLE
FRREMANTLEE
R MADDINGTON
transport design principles will continue to be
reinforced in new urban growth areas.
O’CONNOR
O’CONN
O ON
N OR
NNOR MURDOCH
MURDOCH
CH CANNINGVALE
CA
CANN
N
directions 2031 26
05 structural elements
Freight rail
Airport
Port
Parking
Green network
Directions 2031 recognises that parking is an important
element of the land use and transport systems of Perth and South Western Australia is recognised as one of the worlds
Peel, and that parking supply, demand, and rights of parking biodiversity hotspots. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that
allocation must be carefully managed to support broader support natural ecosystems which are largely intact, and
accessibility objectives. where native species and communities associated with these
ecosystems are well represented. They are also areas with a
An understanding of parking supply, access criteria and high diversity of endemic species.
balance of types of parking is necessary to ensure continued
growth of the city, the development of individual centres, and The development and growth of a city is clearly a significant
to provide consistency between competing centres as they intervention into this highly biodiverse area, and one that
grow and evolve. regularly places us in conflict with our competing desire for
environmental protection. Directions 2031 acknowledges this
In larger emerging activity centres such as Stirling and inherent ideological conflict, but also recognises that there
Cannington, the application of traditional parking provisions, are things we can do in planning for the growth of the city to
is having significant impacts on traffic congestion and local help mitigate our impact on the environment, and protect and
amenity. The application of appropriate standards and a manage areas that have high conservation and biodiversity
management approach to parking that reflects the individuals’ value.
desire for travel efficiency and convenience, but also broader
community land use efficiency, and amenity objectives is
required. Protect and manage significant
biodiversity areas
In addition, there is increasing awareness of the need to
determine the role of parking in relation to public transport. Key to maintaining a degree of biodiversity within an intensive
This includes parking at transit nodes, the impact of parking urban setting is the identification, protection and management
on modal choice and congestion, and servicing the needs of of areas that demonstrate genetic, species and ecosystem
public transport users. diversity. Directions 2031 supports the following initiatives
aimed at improving the biodiversity of our city:
The Department of Planning is developing a medium to long
• The ongoing implementation of Bush Forever, a whole-
term parking strategy for the metropolitan region, which will
of-government initiative designed to identify, protect and
address:
manage regionally significant bushland on the Swan
• the appropriate levels of parking provision; Coastal Plain. This is a key part of the State Government’s
contribution to the National Strategy for the Conservation
• future supply and management in centres;
of Australia’s Biological Diversity. It is anticipated that this
• the price of parking; initiative will eventually be expanded into the Peel region
• how parking is to be funded and delivered; through Swan Bioplan, an initiative of the Department of
Environment and Conservation.
• guiding principles for local governments on good parking
practices; and • Implementation of the Local Government Biodiversity
• the relationship between commuter parking and transit Planning Guidelines, an initiative aimed at identifying and
oriented developments. integrating local biodiversity considerations into land use
planning.
• The ongoing preparation and implementation of state
planning polices that support the protection of significant
environmental attributes in the Perth and Peel region.
For example, State Planning Policy 2.9 Water Resources
recommends that water resources that are identified as
significant, such as conservation category wetlands, are
not developed.
directions 2031 30
05 structural elements
• An assessment of Western Australia’s coastal vulnerability responsive and energy efficient. Solar orientation design
to climate change and sea level rise including the Perth principles have recently been introduced to Liveable
and Peel region. Neighbourhoods, the policy for the design and assessment
of structure plans and subdivision for new urban areas.
Not only will this encourage the location of a building to be
energy efficient, it will also promote and maximise the use of
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions renewable energy sources such as solar panels.
and energy use
To target behavioural issues, Living Smart has been
Addressing climate change is currently one of the key developed to guide household improvements in the areas of
economic and environmental challenges facing Australia water, energy, waste and travel. This innovative community
and the rest of the world. The Federal Government’s policy engagement program has the potential to have a significant
response to climate change is based on three pillars: impact on reducing energy use and as a consequence, it will
• reducing Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions; not only impact on future infrastructure planning, but also
reduce the income effects on lower income households from
• adapting to climate change that we cannot avoid; and increasing transport, home energy and water costs.
• helping to shape a global solution.
Continued cooperation with the Office of Climate Change will
In July 2008, the Federal Government released its Carbon ensure that the most effective action in dealing with these
Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper followed by a important issues is taken. In addition the Western Australian
White Paper in December 2008. Implicit in the scheme is the Planning Commission will develop and integrate mitigation
acknowledgement that greenhouse gas emissions, carbon and adaptation responses to climate change into land use
dioxide in particular, represent Australia’s greatest contribution planning policy.
to climate change. While the majority of total emissions are
generated by the energy sector, the transport sector makes a
significant contribution. Promote the reduction of the
amount of waste generated and
One of the key planning challenges is to influence a change in promote reuse and recycling
personal travel patterns, in particular encouraging alternatives
to private car use which generates over 50 per cent of total
Waste management is a fundamental issue that faces
transport emissions. Directions 2031 seeks to address this
all growing regions and Perth and Peel are no different.
challenge by:
Substantial qualities of waste are produced everyday from
• improving the relationship between land use and public households, businesses and industry.
transport - making optimum use of existing infrastructure;
Waste management and reduction in Western Australia
• identifying opportunities for new public transport
is overseen by the Waste Authority and the Department of
services to improve access to a greater proportion of the
Environment and Conservation. The Department of Planning
community;
will continue to work with these agencies to:
• recognising and building on the growing preference for
• provide advice on the suitability of locations for future
non-motorised forms of transport - walking and cycling;
waste management facilities, their transport routes and
and
any necessary buffers to sensitive land uses; and
• promoting higher levels of employment self-sufficiency
• encourage waste generators and businesses that might
in sub-regional areas, thereby reducing commuting
use or recycle these wastes to co-locate where possible.
distances and times.
The Living Smart program will also make a significant
The planning and development industry can also make a contribution to waste management as it includes guidance
significant contribution to reducing energy use by designing to households on minimising waste and promotes reuse and
communities to maximise the opportunities to be climate recycling.
directions 2031 32
06 sub-regional areas
Sub-regional development of the areas identified for investigation
for residential or industrial use and the staging of such
development will require comprehensive assessment in
areas the context of existing and future transport and servicing,
employment potential, environmental and social impact,
which will be incorporated into the growth management
Directions 2031 has identified six sub-regional planning strategies and structure plans for the sub-region. With
areas that will form the basis of future planning and policy respect to areas under investigation for residential use,
development: given the amount of land already available for urban
development, a compelling case will need to be made to
• Central rezone these areas.
• North-west
• North-east Controlling the spread of urban development into non-urban
areas is critical to achieving the objectives of Directions 2031.
• South-east
In this regard, the future of rural-residential and eco-lifestyle
• South-west developments will be reviewed to determine their extent and
• Peel location.
directions 2031 34
06 sub-regional areas
legend
JOONDALUP
Perth central area
Primary centre
MITCHELL FWY
Strategic city centre
HWY
WY
Strategic specialised centre
ARWIN H
RN
GREAT NORTHE
Regional centre
PERTH-D
Regional specialised centre
Urban WARWICK
Urban deferred
Strategic industrial centre Y
REID HW
Regional industrial centre
MIRRABOOKA MIDLAND
Non urban
KARRINYUP
Rural MORLEY
Railways
Major roads
R R ASHFIELD
STIRLING
PERTH
LEEDERVILLE
SUBIACO
BURSWOOD
PERTH
UWA-QEII AIRPORT
CLAREMONT BELMONT
VICTORIA PARK
S
centres
Perth central area
CANNINGTON
Strategic Fremantle Stirling
City centre
R
centre
Perth Airport
Kewdale-Welshpool
MURDOCH
Industrial
centre
Belmont Mirrabooka
Town centre
Booragoon Subiaco
Karrinyup
KWINANA FWY
Shenton Park
Specialised
centre
Osborne Park
Bayswater/Bassendean
MADALE
Population 705,000 910,000 205,000
directions 2031 36
06 sub-regional areas
Activity centres network Strategic city centres: the central sub-region is also
supported by a network of strategic city centres. The
Perth central area: is the capital city of the Perth and Peel functional characteristics of these centres varies from
region. It is the primary centre of civic, economic, cultural, being highly diverse to predominantly retail. Directions 2031
entertainment and tourism activity, and is one of the most recognises that these centres will need to play a greater role
recognisable and historically important settings in Western in the provision of high-order jobs, services and facilities to
Australia. Perth central area encompasses Perth, East the sub-region, and supports their continued diversification.
Perth, West Perth and Northbridge, and provides the highest
• Fremantle is already a highly diverse strategic city centre
concentration of commercial and employment activity in the
with a strong heritage and cultural identity as a port city
metropolitan area. Perth central area also houses most of
and the site of first colonial settlement. Fremantle is a
the state’s major institutions including government, cultural
recognised tourism and entertainment destination, and
and public organisations. More recently there has been an
is home to important institutional facilities such as Notre
increase in the number of people choosing to live in the area,
Dame University and Fremantle Hospital. Continued
particularly younger people seeking a more urban lifestyle
growth and development of the centre will need to be
and older residents who no longer have the need for larger
balanced against the heritage and cultural features that
family homes.
give Fremantle its recognisable character.
Perth central area will remain the primary centre of activity, and • Stirling city centre was historically developed as a
will continue to evolve as a diverse, urban and internationally general and light industrial area, and has evolved over
recognised city. Significant planned interventions such as time to become a major regional destination for bulky
Perth waterfront and Northbridge link will add greater depth to goods retailing and, more recently, commercial and office
the city, and reconnect it with the Swan River and the cultural development. The Stirling Alliance has been formed
directions 2031 38
06 sub-regional areas
Movement network
The central sub-region is serviced by a series of major road
and rail routes that radiate from the Perth central area to the
wider metropolitan region. The Mitchell and Kwinana freeways
converge on Perth central area, along with other key arterials
Wanneroo Road-Charles Street, Fitzgerald Street-Alexander
Drive, Guildford Road-East Parade, and Albany Highway.
directions 2031 40
06 sub-regional areas
legend
Perth central area
Primary centre
Regional centre
Urban
Urban deferred
Regional industrial centre
ALKIMOS
Non urban
Rural
Under investigation - residential
MIT
CHE
R SOUTH PINJAR
LL F
WY
JOONDALUP
EAST WANNEROO
WANNEROO
centres WANGARA
Primary Joondalup R
Strategic Yanchep WHITFORDS
City centre
WARWICK
Regional Warwick Wanneroo
Town centre
Whitfords
Alkimos
Wangara
Industrial
centre
Neerabup
Butler Clarkson
Currambine Girrawheen
Greenwood Landsdale
Neerabup
Sorrento Quay
Woodvale
directions 2031 42
06 sub-regional areas
Walking and cycling: will continue to be promoted as the Alkimos-Eglinton: is on the verge of the coastal urban front
most sustainable form of transport throughout the sub- and is expected to be developed in the medium term. The
region. Planning for new activity centres and neighbourhoods area is zoned urban under the Metropolitan Region Scheme,
will be expected to demonstrate best practice design and and requires the approval of a district structure plan before
infrastructure provision, including both trip and end of trip development can proceed.
facilities.
Yanchep-Two Rocks: is zoned urban and urban deferred
under the Metropolitan Region Scheme. A district structure
Green network plan is currently being prepared for consideration by the
Western Australian Planning Commission.
Continued urban growth in the north-west sub-region must
protect and appropriately manage areas that have a high
conservation value, are important natural resources, and Areas under investigation
contribute to the natural amenity of the area. The sub-region
contains many environmentally significant features, including Directions 2031 has also identified areas that are currently
groundwater mounds, coastal environments, wetlands, lakes, under investigation to determine their suitability for future
flora and fauna that are worthy of protection. urban and industrial development. However, it should not
be assumed that these areas will be rezoned for urban
Biodiversity: a system of biodiverse wetlands and lakes or industrial development at any time. (refer to page 34).
between the Mitchell Freeway and Wanneroo Road are
protected by the Yellagonga Regional Park, Neerabup East Wanneroo: has been earmarked for further investigation
National Park and Yanchep National Park. Substantial areas and a sub-regional structure plan for the area is currently
of forest and their respective eco-systems are also conserved being developed.
in the parks.
South Pinjar: is currently being considered for future industrial
Conservation and resource protection: the Gnangara development to support growth in the north-west sub-region.
groundwater mound is a highly important source of potable
water for the entire metropolitan area and is likely to become
increasingly important in the future. Other significant
directions 2031 44
06 sub-regional areas
legend
Perth central area
Primary centre
BULLSBROOK
Regional centre
SOUTH BULLSBROOK
Urban
Urban deferred
Regional industrial centre
Non urban
Rural
Under investigation - residential
Major roads
GREAT NORTHERN HWY
Y
PERTH-D
HW
IDE
LA
-A DE
H
RT
PE
ARWIN H
CULLACABARDEE GIDGEGANNUP
WY
R MALAGA
REID HWY
R
MIDLAND
centres
BUSHMEAD
Strategic Midland
City centre
Y
HW
E
Forrestfield portion of
RO
Industrial
Kewdale-Welshpool
centre
Regional Ellenbrook
Town centre
Hazelmere
Industrial
centre
Malaga
District Forrestfield
Town centre
Kalamunda
Mundaring
directions 2031 46
06 sub-regional areas
Planned urban growth areas Bushmead is under preliminary investigation for possible
long-term residential development.
Areas that are currently zoned urban and urban deferred under
the Metropolitan Region Scheme will be prioritised for new South Bullsbrook and Cullacabardee are under preliminary
growth. Under the connected city scenario, it is expected that investigation for possible future industrial development.
the additional 69,000 people or 40,000 dwellings required by
2031 will be accommodated within land that is already zoned. Gidgegannup: is under preliminary investigation for possible
long term urban development.
Swan urban growth corridor: includes the future urban
cells of Albion, West Swan and Caversham, and has been Hazelmere industrial precinct: a structure plan is being
identified as a major opportunity to accommodate new growth prepared to explore the possible expansion of the industrial
in the sub-region over the coming decades. It is estimated area and identify appropriate interface treatments between
that the corridor will ultimately house 33,000 residents in the existing residential and planned future industrial areas of
12,500 dwellings. A sub-regional structure plan has been the Hazelmere precinct.
prepared to guide further detailed planning and development
of the corridor. Several areas have potential for increased residential
development to accommodate the expected high growth
Consolidation of existing townsites such as Bullsbrook, associated with the expansion and development of the
Stoneville and Parkerville will be given priority over proposals adjacent airport, freight rail and container handling facility
for new urban settlements, to maximise the use of existing development. These areas include Kalamunda, Maida Vale,
urban land and infrastructure, and reduce inefficiencies and High Wycombe and Forrestfield
environmental impact associated with isolated development.
Proposals for new urban areas that are not contiguous with
existing development will not be supported.
directions 2031 48
06 sub-regional areas
legend
Perth central area
Primary centre
KENWICK
SOUTH
AL
WUNGONG
BA
FORRESTDALE
NY
HW
Y
TONKIN HWY
WEST MUNDIJONG
centres
WY
Strategic Armadale
RN H
City centre
ESTE
TH-W
Regional Maddington
SOU
Town centre
Maddington-Kenwick
Industrial
centre
Forrestdale
District Byford
Town centre
Forrest Lakes
Gosnells
Kelmscott
Mundijong
Thornlie
directions 2031 50
06 sub-regional areas
Movement network
Passenger rail: the sub-region is serviced by the Armadale
railway line, which provides connection to the Perth central
area. Access to this service has further improved with the
construction of the Thornlie spur-line from Kenwick. Extension
of the Armadale service will also be considered to support
(Curtin Centre for Regional Education, Armadale TAFE,
growth in Byford and Mundijong. The Armadale line is also
Magistrates Court and regional employment agencies), major
used by the Australind, a train service that operates twice
transport infrastructure, regionally significant open spaces
daily between Bunbury and Perth, stopping in Serpentine,
and recreational areas, and a cultural and heritage precinct.
Mundijong, Byford and Armadale before running express to
Perth.
Establishment of the Armadale Redevelopment Authority in
2001 has brought about significant change to the city centre
Tonkin Highway: is the primary road servicing the sub-
as part of the Armadale City Centre Revitalisation, Armadale
region. It is a 45 kilometre limited access dual carriageway
Rail Precinct, and City West Precinct projects. This continued
connecting Reid Highway in the north with Thomas Road in
effort in collaboration with the City of Armadale to improve
the south. Main Roads WA has planned for it to be extended
the amenity of the city centre and capitalise on the area’s
further south as required. The planned route takes it through
distinctive cultural and locational attributes will be critical to
many undeveloped or semi-rural areas such as Mundijong,
attracting new business and employment to the area, and
Cardup and Jarrahdale. South of Mundijong, the planned
improving employment self-sufficiency.
route deviates east to terminate at South Western Highway
near Jarrahdale Road. Tonkin Highway provides important
Regional town centre: the Maddington Kenwick Sustainabile
connections to Perth Airport, Welshpool-Kewdale strategic
Communities Partnership is a collaboration between
industrial centre, and northern metropolitan areas.
state and local government established for the purpose of
delivering an improved model for urban regeneration. The
Albany Highway: provides the main road connection
partnership has identified a number of key regeration actions
between the Armadale city centre and Perth central area,
for the Maddington town centre, including the Maddington
passing through Maddington town centre and Cannington
Station Precinct and Blackburn Main Street projects, and new
city centre. It is a lower speed road than Tonkin Highway,
residential development adjacent to Maddington Oval. The
and is more suitable for connecting non-industrial activity
centre is highly accessible by public and private transport
centres. However, Albany Highway is also a high volume
and is expected to play an increasingly important role in the
traffic route carrying significant private and public transport,
delivery of services, facilities and jobs to the sub-region.
therefore, future commercial development extending beyond
the boundaries of identified centres will not be supported.
Regional industrial centres: the regional centres of
Maddington-Kenwick and Forrestdale will add significant
South Western Highway: The South Western Highway is
depth to the industrial capacity of the sub-region. They will be
the major link between Perth and the south-west of the State.
progressively developed to cater for a range of manufacturing,
It also provides an important connection between Armadale,
Green network
The south-east sub-region is characterised by a number of
important environmental features include the state forest
areas to the east (along the Darling Escarpment), the
palusplain towards the south and the Jandakot groundwater
supply mound to the west.
directions 2031 52
06 sub-regional areas
Areas under
investigation
Directions 2031 has also identified areas that are currently
under investigation to determine their suitability for future
urban and industrial development. However, it should not
be assumed that these areas will be rezoned for urban
or industrial development at any time. (refer to page 34).
Maddington-Kenwick: proposed expansion of the
Armadale development areas: selected sites in the eastern Maddington industrial area is currently being investigated due
part of Armadale have been identified for possible future to its excellent location. This is significant to the sub-region to
development. These sites comprise a total of approximately improve its employment self-sufficiency.
1,250 hectares. Given the current rural nature of the area,
coupled with the environmental characteristics, high-density South Forrestdale: potential long-term industrial area
residential development in these areas is unlikely. requiring detailed investigation to determine suitability.
directions 2031 54
06 sub-regional areas
legend
Perth central area
Primary centre
Railways
S
KWINANA FW
Major roads
KWINANA
Y
EAST ROCKINGHAM
R
NORTH-EAST BALDIVIS
centres
Primary Rockingham
centre
City
ROCKINGHAM
Strategic Kwinana
Industrial
centre
Hope Valley-Wattleup
(Latitude 32)
Henderson
SOUTH BALDIVIS
Regional Cockburn
Town centre
Kwinana
KERALUP
Bibra Lake
Industrial
centre
East Rockingham
Cockburn Coast
Mandogalup Spearwood
Secret Harbour
Warnbro
directions 2031 56
06 sub-regional areas
employment opportunities for the sub-region. The planned Regional industrial centres: the areas of Bibra Lake
outer harbour in Cockburn Sound will provide a regional hub in Cockburn and the East Rockingham industrial area
for the continued growth of national and international trade. will continue to be significant areas of employment and
contributors to the production of industrial output.
Regional town centres: Cockburn and Kwinana have
an important role to play in delivering a range of facilities,
services, employment, and housing opportunities within Movement network
their catchment areas, and will focus on ensuring that local
residents have access to a range of convenience goods Passenger rail: the Mandurah railway has had a significant
and services. Cockburn Central and Kwinana townsite are impact on commuter patterns and travel trends in its first year
currently undergoing detailed planning and development to of operation, and it is likely to continue to play a significant
increase the density and diversity of activities. role into the future. The south-west sub-region is currently
servced by stations at Cockburn Central, Kwinana, Wellard,
Regional specialised centre: Jandakot Airport is principally Rockingham, and Warnbro. Additional stations are planned to
focused on the provision of aviation services; however, it is service future growth in the sub-region.
anticipated that it will also incorporate a significant commercial
development precinct for mixed business and light industrial Kwinana Freeway and Perth-Bunbury Highway: the
uses. opening of this primary road in mid-2009 will provide a four-
lane controlled access freeway standard road between Perth
and Bunbury. The Perth-Bunbury Highway has been planned
to cater substantially for longer distance regional traffic
rather than local traffic; however, it will significantly improve
accessibility for residents and businesses within the sub-
region to areas in the south and south-west of the state.
Planned urban growth areas Mandogalup: an area situated west of the freeway / railway
line between Rowley Road to the north and Anketell Road
Port Coogee: is a major redevelopment of former industrial to the south has potential for urban development subject to
land in to a marina-based residential community fronting resolution of Alcoa industrial buffer issues
Cockburn Sound. When complete Port Coogee is expected to
accommodate 2,300 new dwellings and a population of more Karnup: the future of the southern Karnup area is likely to
than 5,000. be influenced by transit oriented development plans for the
Karnup station at the intersection of Mandurah and Paganoni
Cockburn Coast: is a significant urban regeneration project Roads intersection.
located south of Fremantle and overlooking the Indian Ocean.
The project will involve the remediation and redevelopment of Keralup: this land to the east of the freeway is zoned rural
approximately 120 hectares of former industrial land, as a new and has environmental and services/engineering constraints.
oceanside community with an estimated population of 10,800. Its future urban potential needs to be proven through further
The Department of Planning has prepared a district structure study.
plan to guide further detailed planning and development.
South Baldivis: significant engineering and environmental
Hope Valley-Wattleup (Latitude 32): this project is an constraints need to be resolved in order for its residential
essential part of meeting short, medium and long term potential to be realised.
market demand for industrial land in metropolitan Perth.
Encompassing some 1400 hectares, Latitude 32 is expected North-east Baldivis: an area situated within north-east
to generate approximately 10,000 new jobs over the medium Baldivis has been nominally identified as one of several
to long term. potential future sites for industrial land use as part of the draft
industrial land strategy for the Perth metropolitan and Peel
regions.
Areas under investigation
Directions 2031 has also identified areas that are currently
under investigation to determine their suitability for future
urban and industrial development. However, it should not
be assumed that these areas will be rezoned for urban
or industrial development at any time. (refer to page 34).
directions 2031 58
06 sub-regional areas
legend
Perth central area
Primary centre
Regional centre
Urban
Urban deferred
Strategic industrial centre KERALUP
Major roads
WEST PINJARRA
OAKLEY
S
SOUTH
YUNDERUP PINJARRA
GREENLANDS
centres
Strategic Mandurah
City centre
PERTH-BUNBURY HWY
SO
UTH
Oakley
Industrial
-
centre
WE
Wagerup
STE
RNH
Regional Pinjarra
WY
Town centre
NORTH WAROONA
Nambeelup
Industrial
centre
PRESTON BEACH
District Falcon
Town centre
WAGERUP
Halls Head
Lakelands
S
Waroona
directions 2031 60
06 sub-regional areas
tourism and mixed use development. This will allow Mandurah Mandurah Road: this coastal corridor provides an important
to evolve and enhance its standing as a significant strategic regional function separate from the function of the Perth-
city centre. Bunbury Highway. Following completion of the Perth-Bunbury
Highway, Mandurah Road will continue to carry significant
Strategic industrial centres: Oakley and Wagerup strategic volumes of traffic and it is important that the regional transport
industrial centres are a critical component in the future function of this route is protected.
development of the sub-region. These mineral processing
enterprises generate substantial export revenues, provide Pinjarra Road: provides an important east-west link between
significant employment and business agglomeration the Mandurah strategic city centre and Pinjarra regional town
opportunities, and support research and development. centre. As the sub-region grows, Pinjarra Road will become
an important public transport corridor.
Regional town centre: Pinjarra should complement and
support the strategic centre of Mandurah by providing a range
of facilities and services, and employment opportunities to its Green network
catchment area.
The sub-region contains environmentally significant features
and attributes including coastal environments, groundwater
Movement network mounds, wetlands and associated drainage areas, and a
complex hydrology. Future growth within the sub-region must
The regional road and railway network plays a fundamental be undertaken in accordance with the following environmental
role in catering for inter and intra-regional traffic and road priorities:
freight. Directions 2031 has identified the following as being
key elements of the regional movement network: Protection of wetlands and waterways: the wetlands and
waterways of the sub-region are of regional and international
Mandurah railway: the recent opening of the Mandurah significance in the role they play to maintain biodiversity.
Railway has provided the Peel sub-region with high volume, All wetlands and waterways (including the Peel-Yalgorup
high frequency public transport access to the Perth central system, EPP lakes, conservation category wetlands, resource
area and the wider metropolitan area. The line currently enhancement wetlands, and floodways and flood fringe areas
terminates in Mandurah. of the rivers) are to be protected from urban development
pressure.
South-western railway: the South-western railway will
continue to play an important passenger and freight function, Water, nutrient and soil management: all development in
with particular regard to planned new industrial areas. the sub-region must be in accordance with an urban water
management strategy and plan (to be prepared in terms of
Perth-Bunbury Highway: is a four-lane highway planned to the Better Urban Water Management guidelines). Particular
cater for longer distance regional traffic. Opening in mid-2009, regard is to be given to the protection of environmental assets,
the highway will significantly relieve congestion on Mandurah the management of urban water use, the management of
Road, and improve road access to areas north and south of surface water, the management of groundwater, and the
the sub-region. management of water quality.
South Western Highway: runs through Pinjarra and Waroona Landscape protection and urban design: there are a
and into the south-west areas of the state. The South Western number of landscape protection and urban design issues that
Highway provides an important regional function and carries a must be considered in future development in the sub-region,
significant number of heavy vehicles. Any future development including natural landform and visual amenity, transit oriented
along the South Western Highway will need to be carefully development opportunities, energy and water efficient design
planned and managed to ensure that it does not compromise of urban areas and any potential impact from sea level rise.
the regional transport function of this route. In the future there
may be a need to plan for deviations around some of the built-
up areas.
directions 2031 62
07 implementation
Monitoring
The metropolitan and Peel region schemes are perhaps the
most visible aspect of regional planning, but there is a need
for supporting implementation measures to provide specific
direction and coordination necessary to plan for anticipated To ensure that Directions 2031 remains aligned to the
growth. growth of the city, a process of monitoring and review will
be established by the Department of Planning, which will
A set of key actions has been identified to support the include:
implementation of Directions 2031. These are outlined on the
following pages and have been grouped into four key areas -
• Benchmarking for Directions 2031 for the purposes of
planning, environment, transport and economy. Some of the
a five-yearly performance review, undertaken in line
actions are already being addressed through the development
of policies and plans, while others will be prioritised to ensure with the release of census data.
the objectives outlined in Directions 2031 are achieved. • Regular reviews to ensure alignment with contemporary
policy settings.
In addition, Directions 2031 has been developed in the context
of broader planning and governance reform that will ultimately • Periodic reporting against key elements of the
result in changes and improvements to the planning system. framework.
One of the key reform initiatives is the State Government’s
Building a Better Planning System consultation paper that The urban development program will be the main vehicle
identifies a number of actions to address: for periodic monitoring and reporting on land use and
infrastructure matters, including the provision of baseline
1. simplifying planning approvals data on:
2. developing more effective planning instruments
• zoned land supply
3. prioritising major projects
4. improving the integration and coordination of infrastructure
• consumption of zoned land
and land use planning • housing density and diversity
5. developing a comprehensive regional planning framework. • subdivision activity (including the percentage of
6. strengthening governance and institutional arrangements. existing approvals that are active)
• current region scheme amendments and status
Without pre-empting the outcomes of the Building a Better
Planning System consultation process, a stronger set of • strategic planning in progress including major structure
planning implementation mechanisms will be required to plans and their status
implement key aspects of Directions 2031. It is anticipated
• strategic infrastructure provision.
that amendments will be required to existing local planning
scheme and structure planning provisions and the Residential
Other monitoring tools will be used or developed to measure
Planning Codes to allow the Western Australian Planning
Commission to apply minimum densities for development in the social, economic and environmental performance of
addition to the current controls based on maximum densities. Directions 2031.
Activity centres policy Review of State Planning Policy 4.2 Metropolitan Centres for Perth to ensure it aligns with
and supports the strategic directions outlined in the spatial framework.
Activity centres planning program A program led by the Department of Planning in collaboration with local governments and
key stakeholders with three key objectives:
1. activity centres audit
2. activity centres model framework
3. activity centre planning.
Liveable Neighbourhoods review Ongoing review to update and incorporate contemporary approaches to structure planning
and subdivision design. Priority issues include public open space, school sites, road
standards and urban water management.
Residential Design Codes review Review State Planning Policy 3.1 Residential Design Codes by:
Program 1. Preparation of a multi unit housing design code that will focus on multiple and grouped
dwellings and the residential component of mixed use development.
2. Review of the existing codes to focus on single residential development.
Review Guidelines for the Lifting of Update guidelines to ensure consistency with the intent of Directions 2031 in dealing with
Urban Deferment future residential development.
Funding options for strategic land Investigate options to source funding to acquire land for the Peel Region Scheme.
acquisitions
Demography and indicators Ongoing implementation to provide:
program 1. population, dwelling and employment projections to advise on the strategic delivery of
all government services;
2. demographic and economic expertise and advice to land use planning and transport
projects and policy development;
3. knowledge and understanding of demographic trends and their future impacts on
population, dwellings and employment.
Housing strategy for Perth and Peel Prepare a housing strategy to deliver a responsive housing system that meets the changing
needs, aspirations and choices of the residents of Perth and Peel taking into account
affordability and equity.
Planning Schemes Manual review Review the Planning Schemes Manual to reflect contemporary approaches to preparing
local planning strategies with particular regard to housing, commercial, activity centres and
local biodiversity components.
Activity corridor program A program to guide the Western Australian Planning Commission in developing activity
corridor policy through progressing two pilot projects on Stirling Highway and Scarborough
Beach Road.
Perth central area planning frame- Preparation of a planning framework to guide the future development of the Perth central
work area.
directions 2031 64
07 implementation
Environment
Initiative Overview
Biodiversity protection program • Ongoing implementation of Bush Forever to protect regionally significant vegetation.
• Land use planning support to Swan Bioplan to identify significant natural areas on the
Swan Coastal Plain including Perth and Peel.
• Supporting the implementation of the Local Government Biodiversity Planning Guide-
lines, to identify and integrate local biodiversity considerations into land use planning.
• The ongoing preparation, review and implementation of state planning polices that
consider the protection of significant environmental attributes in the Perth and Peel region.
• Finalisation of guidelines for the determination of wetland buffer requirements.
Coastal planning program • Finalisation and implementation of the Perth coastal planning strategy to provide
development and conservation guidance for the Perth metropolitan coastline.
• Finalisation of the Coastal Planning Guidelines to provide supplementary guidance to
State Planning Policy 2.6 State Coastal Planning Policy.
• Review of State Planning Policy 2.6 State Coastal Planning Policy.
• Assessment of Western Australia’s coastal vulnerability to climate change study to
investigate the impact of climate change and sea level rise, with Perth and Peel a priority
assessment.
Natural resource management and • Implementation and review of the recommendations of the EnviroPlanning Directions
land use planning program report to improve the integration of Natural Resource Management into land use planning
by focussing on the following themes:
- establish a clear policy direction for integration including the better alignment of
planning and environmental policy;
- facilitate a whole-of-government approach; and
- provide guidance and seek assistance for local government.
Please refer to the EnviroPlanning Directions report at www.planning.wa.gov.au.
• Prepare a southern metropolitan and Peel region Natural Resource Management
protection plan to guide land use and conservation planning.
Better urban water management Implementation of preferred methodology for water sensitive urban design.
Water supply protection program Preparation and review of water supply protection strategies and policies including the:
• Middle Helena land use and water management strategy and the regional planning
context; and
• future land use options for the Gnangara mound east of Wanneroo project.
Industrial buffer policy review Review State Planning Policy No. 4.1 State Industrial Buffer Policy.
Kwinana industrial area and air Develop a state planning policy to reflect outcomes of the review of the Kwinana air quality
quality buffer state planning policy buffer study by the Department of Environment and Conservation.
Bush fire protection planning Preparation of planning guidelines to address bush fire hazard.
guidelines
Regional recreational open space Preparation of a strategy to guide location and use of future regional recreation open space that
strategy has or will be identified as parks and recreation in the metropolitan and Peel region schemes.
Climate change strategy A strategy that articulates the position of the Western Australian Planning Commission with
respect to land use planning mitigation and adaptation responses to climate change.
Metropolitan Freight Network Ongoing implementation including the Fremantle Port rail service support between Kewdale
Strategy intermodal terminal and the port.
Road and rail transport noise Develop a state planning policy to provide guidance on new major road and rail
and freight considerations state infrastructure, location of freight handling facilities and the designated Perth primary freight
planning policy road network.
Road reservations review program • Transport route planning review of the road reservation requirements for major road
network links including North West Transport Network Review and South Metropolitan
and Peel Transport Network Review.
• Reviewing and identifying primary regional road reservations in the Metropolitan Region
Scheme that are surplus to requirements to progress their sale, improve the statutory
process for approvals along these roads and create landowner certainty
Transit oriented development To provide for the preparation of land use plans and associated infrastructure
program implementation strategies at strategic precincts throughout Perth and Peel that will facilitate
the delivery of transit oriented development.
Perth Airport transport plan The preparation of an investment strategy for road and rail transport access to and around
Perth airport for the next 15 to 20 years.
Fremantle outer harbour project To expand the existing Fremantle Port by establishing a port in Cockburn Sound, including
associated road and rail infrastructure. The project will be undertaken in conjunction with the
Fremantle Port Authority.
Accessible communities Development of a policy approach to facilitate the delivery of a more accessible built
environment which better highlights and provides for the needs of pedestrians, cyclists,
seniors and people with disabilities, as well as the designing out crime and physical activities
strategies.
Walking project To provide strategic management, advocacy and coordination of Walk WA: A Walking
Strategy for West Australians 2007-2020 including Perth and Peel.
TravelSmart household program Continuation of the program to reduce car dependency and promote alternative modes of
travel. Incorporates the living smart program.
Public transport strategy Prepare a public transport strategy for the Perth and Peel region.
Metropolitan parking strategy Prepare a parking strategy for the Perth and Peel region that includes.
• the appropriate levels of parking provision;
• future supply and management of parking within centres;
• the price of parking;
• how parking is to be funded and delivered;
• guiding principles for local governments on good parking practices; and
• the relationship between commuter parking and transit oriented developments.
Perth Bicycle Network Plan review Review with the aim to create a strategic bicycle network and developing policy to support
state and local government initiatives to increase cycling activity.
directions 2031 66
07 implementation
Economy
Initiative Overview
Perth and Peel economic and Prepare an economic strategy for Perth and Peel that:
employment strategy • facilitates sustainable business growth and investment;
• fosters innovation, entrepreneurship and collaboration;
• enhances workforce development;
• identifies the retail and commercial floor space requirement;
• promotes employment generation; and
• identifies the required enabling infrastructure.
Urban development program Review and replace the metropolitan development program with the urban development program
to improve the strategic integration of infrastructure provision with urban growth, which will be
supported by a land and infrastructure strategy.
Industrial land development Ongoing program designed to monitor and identify general industrial land in Perth and Peel and
program includes preparation of an industrial land strategy and industrial land supply profile.
Basic raw materials program Preparation of a basic raw materials strategy and review of State Planning Policy 2.4 Basic Raw
review Materials to include Perth and Peel.
Agricultural policy review Review State Planning Policy 2.5 Agricultural and Rural Land Use Planning and Development
Control Policy 3.4 Subdivision of Rural Land.
Tourism Planning Taskforce Implementation of taskforce recommendations including identification of state wide strategic tour-
ism sites and proposed state planning policy on land use planning for tourism
Perth employment survey Ongoing collection of employment and floorspace information on land zoned commercial and
industrial and reserved for public purpose and recreation open space to add to departmental
information for guiding policy development.
A public submission form is included overleaf for your convenience. If you prefer to make a comment
in an alternative format, please remember to include the relevant details as outlined on the submission
form.
directions 2031 68
Public Submissions on
Directions 2031 Draft Spatial Framework
for Perth and Peel
Name:
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Organisation (if relevant):
.....................................................................................
Address:
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Interest:
(eg business operator, local government, industry body)
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I/we would like to make the following comments on Directions 2031 and would like them to be considered in
the preparation of the final document.
Comments:
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directions 2031 70