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1. Table 1 shows the proton number, number of electron and number of

neutron of particles of elements X, Y and Z.
X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

Particle Proton number Number of electron Number of

neutron
X 6 6 8
Y 7 7 7
Z 11 10 12
Table 1

(a) What is meant by proton number?

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[1 mark]
(b) State which subatomic particle that is the lightest.

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[1 mark]
(c) W is an isotope of X.

(i) State the number of proton of W.

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[1 mark]
(ii) Does W have the same chemical properties with X? Give a reason.

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[2 marks]

(d) (i) What is the nucleon number of Y?

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[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the atomic structure of Y.

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[2 marks]
(e) (i) Write the electron arrangement of ion Z.

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[1 mark]
(ii) State the charge of particle Z.

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[1 mark]

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2. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to

determine the empirical formula for an oxide of lead.

Diagram 1

The following data was obtained based on the experiment:

Mass of an oxide of lead = 4.78 g

Mass of lead = 4.14 g

(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

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[1 mark]

(b) Name one substance that can be used to dry the hydrogen gas.

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[1 mark]

(c) Why does the hydrogen gas need to be passed through the combustion tube for a few
minutes before heating?

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[1 mark]

(d) How to ensure the reaction is completed?

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[2 marks]

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(e) Determine the empirical formula for oxide of lead?

[Relative atomic mass for O = 16 and Pb = 207]

[4 marks]

(f) Why does the empirical formula of magnesium oxide cannot be determined using the
above method?

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[1 mark]

3. Diagram 2 shows the positions of 6 elements represented by the letters

A, B, C, D, E, F in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Diagram 2

Using these letters, answer the following questions.

(a) State the element which exists as a diatomic molecule under room condition.

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[1 mark]

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(b) State two special characteristics of element F.

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[2 marks]

(c) (i) Arrange atoms A, B, C, D and E in decreasing order of atomic size.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in c(i).

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[3 marks]

(d) Write the chemical formula for the ion formed by element D.

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[1 mark]

(e) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between oxide of A and
water.

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[2 marks]

4. Table 2 below shows the electron arrangement of 6 elements T, U, V,

W, X and Y.

Elements Proton number Electron arrangement

T 6 2.4
U 17 2.8.7
V 11 2.8.1
W 12 2.8.2
X 2.8.8
Y 19
Table 2

(a) Based on Table 2, answer the following questions.

(i) What is the proton number of element X?

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[1 mark]
(ii) What is the electron arrangement of ion Y?

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[1 mark]

(b) Element T reacts with element U to form a compound.

(i) Give the molecular formula of the compound formed.

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[1 mark]

(ii) State the type of bonding in the compound formed in (b)(i).

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[1 mark]

(iii) Give two physical properties of the compound formed,

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[2 marks]

(iv) Illustrate the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (b)(i).

[2 marks]

(c) Element W reacts with element U to form a compound. Write the chemical formula of the
compound formed by U and W.

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[1 mark]

(d) State an element that can form a cation.

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[1 mark]

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