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S Announcement 5487
S Announcement 5487
S Announcement 5487
Majority of the thesis and dissertation writers find difficulty in looking for a researchable
problem. Once they have found a researchable problem, they still find difficulty in stating the specific
research problem and formulating the hypothesis.
Thesis and dissertation writers should know how to choose a researchable problem.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
First, the problem is existing in the locality or country but no known solution to the problem.
Second, the solution to the problem can be answered using statistical methods and techniques.
Fourth, the occurrence of the phenomena requires scientific investigation to arrive at precise
solution.
SPECIFIC
REALISTIC
Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not maneuvered.
TIME-BOUND
Time frame is necessary in every activity because the shorter the completion of the activity, the better.
ACHIEVABLE
The data are achievable by using correct statistical tools to arrive at exact results.
1. SPECIALIZATION
SPECIALIZATION
If the researcher’s forte is food technology, he may investigate the acceptability, salability, and
profitability of butterscotch with and without seaweed.
Existing and past researches are rich sources of research problems for descriptive research even for
research replication using the same research instrument but administered to different groups of
subjects and different areas.
Thesis and dissertation writers recommend problems related to the study for future research.
1. INTERESTING
4. INNOVATIVE
5. COST-EFFECTIVE
6. INVENTIVE
7. RETURN ON INVESTMENT
8. ORIGINAL
9. MEASURABLE
10. TIME-BOUND
INTERESTING
A good research problem is interesting. It attracts the attention of the researcher so that he finds
research work easy and comfortable.
RELEVANT TO GOVERNMENT’S THRUST
Researcher must keep in mind that he conducts research not for his own needs and problems,
but to solve the needs and problems of other people.
INNOVATIVE
A good research problem is new in order to attract the attention of the people and can be
patented.
COST-EFFECTIVE
INVENTIVE
An inventive good research problem is new and unique, in that research outputs respond to the
socioeconomic needs of the country.
RETURN ON INVESTMENT
The output of a good research problem has return on investment in order to respond to the
socioeconomic needs of the country.
ORIGINAL
An original and good research problem is the first of its kind in the world.
MEASURABLE
TIME-BOUND
A good research problem can be completed within the time frame allotted.
• HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS is defined as wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the
observed facts covered by the study (Calmorin 2010).
HYPOTHESIS guides the researcher to describe the procedure to follow in conducting the study.
HYPOTHESIS is important because it tells the researcher what to and how to go about solving
the research problem.
• TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
1. NULL HYPOTHESIS,
2. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS,
• NULL HYPOTHESIS,
: ̅ ̅ = 0 (two variables)
: = = = 0 (three variables)
After the specific problems of the research paper, thesis, or dissertation, the hypothesis is
formulated. The null hypothesis ( ), which is commonly used, is based on specific research problems.
The null hypothesis ( ) is rejected if the computed value (CV) is significant. If the CV is equal to
or greater than the tabular value (TV) or critical value, the result is significant. Hence the null hypothesis
is rejected.
The null hypothesis ( ) is accepted if the computed value is insignificant. If the CV is lesser than
the TV or critical value, the result is insignificant. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.
If
If
• ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
Alternative Hypothesis is the type of hypothesis which affirms of the existence of observed
phenomena and is the opposite of the null hypothesis because the former is stated in positive form.
• THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Thesis writers and dissertation writers are advised to used either a theoretical or a conceptual
framework. Though both theoretical and conceptual frameworks give transparent explanation about
relationships of variables, it is necessary that an investigation has a theoretical framework to properly
describe the relationships of variables.
• THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework shapes the justification of the research problems in order to provide
the legal basis for defining their parameters. It is advisable for a researcher to identify key concepts that
are used in the study for better comprehension of the role of theory in research.
• CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework presents specific and well-defined concepts, which are called
constructs. Its function is similar to the theoretical framework because the constraints used are derived
from abstract concepts of the theoretical framework.
• ASSUMPTIONS
Assumptions are presumed as true statements of facts related to the research problem. They
are explicitly stated to give readers of research papers, theses, dissertations, or research projects a
foundation to form conclusions resulting from assumptions.
Significance of the study in a research paper, thesis, dissertations, or research project is a must.
For a research paper seeking for financial assistance from other agencies, the significance of the study is
discussed comprehensively to convince the screening committee on the importance of study.
The significance of the study is presented with either an inductive or a deductive perspective.
• The researcher should prove that the study has important contributions in relation to:
• There are two ways of defining the key terms used in the study. These are:
• CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION
The definition of terms is based on concepts of or is hypothetical. The definitions are usually
taken from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and published journals and books.
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
The definition of terms is based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study.