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    African American Migration Overview sp17

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    The document provides an overview of African American migration patterns in the United States from the 1600s to the 1900s. It discusses: 1) Forced migration during the international slave trade which lasted over 300 years and brought over 12 million people to the Americas, over 40% entering through Charleston, SC. 2) Domestic forced migration during the Jim Crow era in the southern US and the enactment of discriminatory laws like Plessy v Ferguson despite the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments abolishing slavery and granting citizenship and right to vote to African Americans. 3) Voluntary migration of African Americans from the southern US to northern cities and western states between 1916-1930 and 1940-

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    African American Migration Overview sp17

    Uploaded by

    api-369449529
    830 views22 pages
    The document provides an overview of African American migration patterns in the United States from the 1600s to the 1900s. It discusses: 1) Forced migration during the international slave trade which lasted over 300 years and brought over 12 million people to the Americas, over 40% entering through Charleston, SC. 2) Domestic forced migration during the Jim Crow era in the southern US and the enactment of discriminatory laws like Plessy v Ferguson despite the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments abolishing slavery and granting citizenship and right to vote to African Americans. 3) Voluntary migration of African Americans from the southern US to northern cities and western states between 1916-1930 and 1940-

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    The document provides an overview of African American migration patterns in the United States from the 1600s to the 1900s. It discusses: 1) Forced migration during the international slave trade which lasted over 300 years and brought over 12 million people to the Americas, over 40% entering through Charleston, SC. 2) Domestic forced migration during the Jim Crow era in the southern US and the enactment of discriminatory laws like Plessy v Ferguson despite the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments abolishing slavery and granting citizenship and right to vote to African Americans. 3) Voluntary migration of African Americans from the southern US to northern cities and western states between 1916-1930 and 1940-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    830 views22 pages

    African American Migration Overview sp17

    Uploaded by

    api-369449529
    The document provides an overview of African American migration patterns in the United States from the 1600s to the 1900s. It discusses: 1) Forced migration during the international slave trade which lasted over 300 years and brought over 12 million people to the Americas, over 40% entering through Charleston, SC. 2) Domestic forced migration during the Jim Crow era in the southern US and the enactment of discriminatory laws like Plessy v Ferguson despite the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments abolishing slavery and granting citizenship and right to vote to African Americans. 3) Voluntary migration of African Americans from the southern US to northern cities and western states between 1916-1930 and 1940-

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    of 22

    A Brief Overview of

    Migration Patterns of
    African Americans
    ** Including why migration patterns occurred and the
    impact of those movements.
    1. Forced Migration: International Slave Trade
    Lasted more than 300 years

    Forced migration of over 12 million people

    Over 40% entered through the port city of Charleston, SC


    Middle Passage
    • This was the 2nd leg of the Triangle
    Trade, which referred to the journey
    of Africans to the Americas.
    • Over 30,000 trips are documented
    • Absolutely dreadful experience:
    shackled, branded, crammed into
    small quarters, frequently abused
    and taken advantage of, many died
    from the conditions of the forced
    migration
    Abolition of the
    Slave Trade Act (1807)
    The act abolished the Slave Trade
    in the British colonies. It became
    illegal to carry slaves in British
    ships (although many ships tried
    to evade the ban). The ultimate
    aim, however, had always been
    the abolition of slavery itself.
    2. Domestic Forced Migration
    3. Jim Crow South & Migration Out
    13th Amendment: Abolished slavery (except for if in jail*)
    14th Amendment: Granted African Americans citizenship
    15th Amendment: Granted African Americans the right to vote
    BUT…
    White backlash
    Jim Crow Laws  enforced racial segregation in public facilities, ie:
    bathrooms, schools, bus stops, restaurants, etc.
    EX: Literacy tests & poll taxes to vote
    Plessy v. Ferguson: established ‘separate but equal’ doctrine
    Wilmington Race Riot/Wilmington Massacre
    increase in lynchings through 1930’s

    * "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime whereof
    the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place
    subject to their jurisdiction."
    Migration North & West
    Categorizations: voluntary, inter-regional,
    rural to urban
    Push factors:

    Pull factors:
    4. The Great Migration(s)
    1916 – 1930 & 1940 – 1970

    1st Wave
    Between 1916 and 1918 alone, 400,000 African Americans migrated
    north. In the summer of 1916, the Pennsylvania Railroad helped more
    than 10,000 African Americans move in order to employ them.
     SO, what’s the pull factor? What kind of migration?
    4 level analysis:
    1. what? where? when? 2. patterns? 3. why patterns?
    4 level analysis:
    1. what? where? when? 2. patterns? 3. why patterns?
    Difficulties Upon Arrival
    Racially segregated neighborhoods (not by
    explicit laws though)
    Chicago’s “Black Belt”
    Irish neighborhoods:
    - Canaryville
    - Bridgeport

    Stockyards = form of
    employment

    African American
    neighborhood:
    - Black Belt / South
    Side aka Bronzeville
    4. The Great Migration(s)
    1916 – 1930 & 1940 – 1970

    2nd Wave
    1929 = stock market crash & beginning of Great Depression
    migration to the West (nationwide chain migration in search of jobs in
    Cali)
    continued movement towards cities in hopes of jobs (rural  urban)
    Continuing Pattern in
    Chicago
    Irish neighborhoods:
    - Canaryville
    - Bridgeport
    4 level analysis:
    Stockyards = form of 1. what? where? when?
    employment 2. patterns?
    African American
    3. why patterns?
    neighborhood:
    - Black Belt / South
    Side aka Bronzeville
    To know about
    Great Migration
    5. White Flight
    Chicago’s East Garfield Park
    My Family’s Story of Migration within a City
    1950’s Chicago
    Our Lady of Sorrows
    Donnelly Neighborhood Church
    City Planning  Eisenhower Expressway Creation

    Demolition on the Near West Side in


    preparation for the Congress Street
    Expressway, 1949. (Source: University of Chicago
    Photographic Archive. Mildred Mead Photographs, apf2-
    09137)

    Near West Side, Chicago, 1948. A


    demolition sign indicates the location
    of the nearest relocation office. (Courtesy
    University of Chicago Photographic Archive. Mildred Mead
    Photographs, apf2-09135)
    The building of the Congress (Eisenhower) Expressway during the
    1950s displaced residents from a southern stretch of the
    neighborhood. African Americans, crowded out of the South and
    Near West Sides, bought and rented homes in East Garfield Park.
    Finally, a cluster of Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) projects—
    Harrison Courts, Maplewood Courts, and Rockwell Gardens—
    delineated the western edge of family public housing in Chicago
    and the eastern edge of East Garfield Park by 1960.
    Moving West…
    Numbers of Chicago
    in 2000
    “White Flight”

    Encouraged by real estate agents


    through blockbusting
    Interactive map
    How does this data support the idea of
    “white flight”?

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