Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Embedded Electronics Software Sensors Actuators Connectivity Data Internet
Embedded Electronics Software Sensors Actuators Connectivity Data Internet
Embedded Electronics Software Sensors Actuators Connectivity Data Internet
other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which
enables these objects to connect and exchange data.[1][2][3] Each thing is uniquely identifiable
through its embedded computing system but is able to inter-operate within the
existing Internetinfrastructure.
The figure of online capable devices increased 31% from 2016 to 8.4 billion in 2017.[4] Experts
estimate that the IoT will consist of about 30 billion objects by 2020.[5] It is also estimated that the
global market value of IoT will reach $7.1 trillion by 2020.[6]
The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure,[7] creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into
computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in
addition to reduced human intervention.[8][9][10][11] When IoT is augmented with sensors and
actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical
systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants, smart
homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities.
"Things", in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring
implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild animals in
coastal waters,[12] automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for
environmental/food/pathogen monitoring,[13] or field operation devices that assist firefighters
in search and rescue operations.[14] Legal scholars suggest regarding "things" as an "inextricable
mixture of hardware, software, data and service".[15]
These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then
autonomously flow the data between other devices.[16]
The term "the Internet of things" was coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's
Auto-ID Center, in 1999.[17]
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Applications
o 2.1Consumer application
2.1.1Smart Home
2.1.1.1Applications
o 2.2Enterprise
2.2.1Media
o 2.3Infrastructure Management
2.3.1Manufacturing
2.3.2Agriculture
2.3.3Energy management
2.3.4Environmental monitoring
2.3.5Building and home automation
2.3.6Metropolitan scale deployments
o 2.4Other Fields of Application
2.4.1Medical and healthcare
2.4.2Transportation
3Trends and characteristics
o 3.1Intelligence
o 3.2Architecture
3.2.1Network architecture
o 3.3Complexity
o 3.4Size considerations
o 3.5Space considerations
o 3.6A Solution to "basket of remotes"
4Frameworks
5Standards and standards organizations
6Enabling technologies for IoT
o 6.1Addressability
o 6.2Short-range wireless
o 6.3Medium-range wireless
o 6.4Long-range wireless
o 6.5Wired
7Simulation
8Politics and civic engagement
9Government regulation on IoT
10Criticism and controversies
o 10.1Platform fragmentation
o 10.2Privacy, autonomy, and control
o 10.3Data storage and analytics
o 10.4Security
o 10.5Design
o 10.6Environmental sustainability impact
o 10.7Intentional obsolescence of devices
o 10.8Confusing terminology
11IoT adoption barriers
o 11.1Lack of interoperability and unclear value propositions
o 11.2Privacy and security concerns
o 11.3Traditional governance structures
o 11.4Lack of solid business models
12See also
13References
14Bibliography
15External links
History[edit]
As of 2016, the vision of the Internet of things has evolved due to a convergence of multiple
technologies, including ubiquitous wireless communication, real-time analytics, machine learning,
commodity sensors, and embedded systems.[14] This means that the traditional fields of
embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control
systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others all contribute to
enabling the Internet of things.[18]
The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, with a modified
Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first Internet-connected
appliance,[19] able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold.[20] Mark
Weiser's seminal 1991 paper on ubiquitous computing, "The Computer of the 21st Century", as
well as academic venues such as UbiComp and PerCom produced the contemporary vision of
IoT.[21][22] In 1994 Reza Raji described the concept in IEEE Spectrum as "[moving] small packets
of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances
to entire factories".[23] Between 1993 and 1996 several companies proposed solutions
like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. However, only in 1999 did the field start gathering
momentum. Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device (D2D) communication as part of his "Six Webs"
framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1999.[24]
The concept of the Internet of things became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID
Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications.[25] Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID Center) as a prerequisite
for the Internet of things at that point.[26] Ashtonprefers the phrase "Internet for things."[27] If all
objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and
store them.[28][29][30] Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such
technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.[31][32]
In its original interpretation,[when?] one of the first consequences of implementing the Internet of
things by equipping all objects in the world with minuscule identifying devices or machine-
readable identifiers would be to transform daily life.[33][34] For instance, instant and
ceaseless inventory control would become ubiquitous.[34] A person's ability to interact with objects
could be altered remotely based on immediate or present needs, in accordance with
existing end-user agreements.[26] For example, such technology could grant motion-picture
publishers much more control over end-user private devices by remotely
enforcing copyright restrictions and digital rights management, so the ability of a customer who
bought a Blu-ray disc to watch the movie could become dependent on the copyright holder's
decision, similar to Circuit City's failed DIVX.[citation needed]
A significant transformation is to extend "things" from the data generated from devices to objects
in the physical space. The thought-model for future interconnection environment was proposed in
2004.[35] The model includes the notion of the ternary universe consists of the physical world,
virtual world and mental world and a multi-level reference architecture with the nature and
devices at the bottom level followed by the level of the Internet, sensor network, and mobile
network, and intelligent human-machine communities at the top level, which supports
geographically dispersed users to cooperatively accomplish tasks and solve problems by using
the network to actively promote the flow of material, energy, techniques, information, knowledge,
and services in this environment.[36] This thought model envisioned the development trend of the
Internet of things.
Applications[edit]
The applications for internet connected devices are extensive. Multiple categorizations have
been suggested, most of which agree on a separation between consumer, enterprise (business),
and infrastructure applications.[37][38] George Osborne, the former British Chancellor of the
Exchequer, posited that the Internet of things is the next stage of the information revolution and
referenced the inter-connectivity of everything from urban transport to medical devices to
household appliances.[39]
The ability to network embedded devices with limited CPU, memory and power resources means
that IoT finds applications in nearly every field.[40] Such systems could be in charge of collecting
information in settings ranging from natural ecosystems to buildings and factories,[41] thereby
finding applications in fields of environmental sensing and urban planning.[42]
Intelligent shopping systems, for example, could monitor specific users' purchasing habits in a
store by tracking their specific mobile phones. These users could then be provided with special
offers on their favorite products, or even location of items that they need, which their fridge has
automatically conveyed to the phone.[43][44] Additional examples of sensing and actuating are
reflected in applications that deal with heat, water, electricity and energy management, as well as
cruise-assisting transportation systems.[45][46][47] Other applications that the Internet of things can
provide is enabling extended home security features and home automation.[48] The concept of an
"Internet of living things" has been proposed to describe networks of biological sensors that could
use cloud-based analyses to allow users to study DNA or other molecules.[49][50]
Consumer application[edit]
A growing portion of IoT devices are created for consumer use. Examples of consumer
applications include connected car, entertainment, home automation (also known as smart home
devices), wearable technology, quantified self, connected health, and appliances such as
washer/dryers, robotic vacuums, air purifiers, ovens, or refrigerators/freezers that use Wi-Fi for
remote monitoring.[51] Consumer IoT provides new opportunities for user
experience and interfaces.[citation needed]
Some consumer applications have been criticized for their lack of redundancy and their
inconsistency, leading to a popular parody known as the “Internet of Shit.”[52] Companies have
been criticized for their rush into IoT, creating devices of questionable value,[53] and not setting up
stringent security standards.[54]
Smart Home[edit]
IoT devices are a part of the larger concept of home automation, also known as domotics. Large
smart home systems utilize a main hub or controller to provide users with a central control for all
of their devices. These devices can include lighting, heating and air conditioning, media and
security systems (including access control systems, namely August, Ausweis, Kwikset,
Schlage).[55] Ease of usability is the most immediate benefit to connecting these functionalities.
Long term benefits can include the ability to create a more environmentally friendly home by
automating some functions such as ensuring lights and electronics are turned off. One of the
major obstacles to obtaining smart home technology is the high initial cost. [56]
Applications[edit]
One key application of smart home is to provide assistance for disabled and elderly individuals.
These home systems utilize assistive technology to accommodate an owner's specific
disabilities.[57] Voice control can assist users with sight and mobility limitations while alert systems
can be connected directly to Cochlear implants worn by hearing impaired users.[58] They can also
be equipped with additional safety features. These features can include sensors that monitor for
medical emergencies such as falls or seizures.[59] Smart home technology applied in this way can
provide users with more freedom and a higher quality of life.[60]
A second application of smart home is even more sophisticated. One can guide his or her
connected device at home even from far away. If one for example leaves the office, it is possible
to tell a connected air conditioner device via smart phone to cool down the house to a certain
temperature.
Another example would be using smart devices such as Amazon's Alexa to listen to news while
cutting vegetables for a meal. In general, Smart Home devices make life easier at home and give
users the ability to do several things at the same time. [61]
Enterprise[edit]
The term "Enterprise IoT," or EIoT, is used to refer to all devices used in business and corporate
settings. By 2019, it is estimated the EIoT will account for nearly 40% or 9.1 billion devices.[37]
Media[edit]
Media use of the Internet of things is primarily concerned with marketing and studying consumer
habits. Through behavioral targeting these devices collect many actionable points of information
about millions of individuals.[62] Using the profiles built during the targeting process, media
producers present display advertising in line with the consumer's known habits at a time and
location to maximize its effect.[63] [64] Further information is collected by tracking how consumers
interact with the content. This is done through conversion tracking, drop off rate, click through
rate, registration rate and interaction rate. The size of the data often presents challenges as it
crosses into the realm of big data. However, in many cases benefits gained from the data stored
greatly out weighs these challenges.[65]
Infrastructure Management[edit]
Monitoring and controlling operations of urban and rural infrastructures like bridges, railway
tracks, on- and offshore- wind-farms is a key application of the IoT.[66] The IoT infrastructure can
be used for monitoring any events or changes in structural conditions that can compromise
safety and increase risk. It can also be used for scheduling repair and maintenance activities in
an efficient manner, by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these
facilities.[41] IoT devices can also be used to control critical infrastructure like bridges to provide
access to ships. Usage of IoT devices for monitoring and operating infrastructure is likely to
improve incident management and emergency response coordination, and quality of service, up-
times and reduce costs of operation in all infrastructure related areas.[67] Even areas such as
waste management can benefit [68] from automation and optimization that could be brought in by
the IoT.[69]
Manufacturing[edit]
Network control and management of manufacturing equipment, asset and situation management,
or manufacturing process control bring the IoT within the realm of industrial applications and
smart manufacturing as well.[70] The IoT intelligent systems enable rapid manufacturing of new
products, dynamic response to product demands, and real-time optimization of manufacturing
production and supply chain networks, by networking machinery, sensors and control systems
together.[41]
Digital control systems to automate process controls, operator tools and service information
systems to optimize plant safety and security are within the purview of the IoT.[66] But it also
extends itself to asset management via predictive maintenance, statistical evaluation, and
measurements to maximize reliability.[71] Smart industrial management systems can also be
integrated with the Smart Grid, thereby enabling real-time energy optimization. Measurements,
automated controls, plant optimization, health and safety management, and other functions are
provided by a large number of networked sensors.[41]
The term industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is often encountered in the manufacturing industries,
referring to the industrial subset of the IoT. IIoT in manufacturing could generate so much
business value that it will eventually lead to the fourth industrial revolution, so the so-
called Industry 4.0. It is estimated that in the future, successful companies will be able to
increase their revenue through Internet of things by creating new business models and improve
productivity, exploit analytics for innovation, and transform workforce.[72] The potential of growth
by implementing IIoT will generate $12 trillion of global GDP by 2030.[72]
While connectivity and data acquisition are imperative for IIoT, they should not be the purpose,
rather the foundation and path to something bigger. Among all the technologies, predictive
maintenance is probably a relatively "easier win" since it is applicable to existing assets and
management systems. The objective of intelligent maintenance systems is to reduce unexpected
downtime and increase productivity. And to realize that alone would generate around up to 30%
over the total maintenance costs.[72] Industrial big data analytics will play a vital role in
manufacturing asset predictive maintenance, although that is not the only capability of industrial
big data.[74][75] Cyber-physical systems (CPS) is the core technology of industrial big data and it
will be an interface between human and the cyber world. Cyber-physical systems can be
designed by following the 5C (connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, configuration)
architecture,[73] and it will transform the collected data into actionable information, and eventually
interfere with the physical assets to optimize processes.[citation needed]
An IoT-enabled intelligent system of such cases was proposed in 2001 and later demonstrated in
2014 by the National Science Foundation Industry/University Collaborative Research Center
for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) at the University of Cincinnati on a band saw machine
in IMTS 2014 in Chicago.[76][77][78] Band saw machines are not necessarily expensive, but the band
saw belt expenses are enormous since they degrade much faster. However, without sensing and
intelligent analytics, it can be only determined by experience when the band saw belt will actually
break. The developed prognostics system will be able to recognize and monitor the degradation
of band saw belts even if the condition is changing, advising users when is the best time to
replace band saw. This will significantly improve user experience and operator safety and
ultimately save on costs.[78]
Agriculture[edit]
The IoT contributes significantly towards innovating farming methods.[1] Farming challenges
caused by population growth and climate change have made it one of the first industries to utilize
the IoT. The integration of wireless sensors with agricultural mobile apps and cloud platforms
helps in collecting vital information pertaining to the environmental conditions – temperature,
rainfall, humidity, wind speed, pest infestation, soil humus content or nutrients, besides others –
linked with a farmland, can be used to improve and automate farming techniques, take informed
decisions to improve quality and quantity, and minimize risks and wastes. The app-based field or
crop monitoring also lowers the hassles of managing crops at multiple locations. For example,
farmers can now detect which areas have been fertilised (or mistakenly missed), if the land is too
dry and predict future yields.
Energy management[edit]
Integration of sensing and actuation systems, connected to the Internet, is likely to optimize
energy consumption as a whole.[41] It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms
of energy consuming devices (switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) and be able to
communicate with the utility supply company in order to effectively balance power generation and
energy usage.[79] Such devices would also offer the opportunity for users to remotely control their
devices, or centrally manage them via a cloud-based interface, and enable advanced functions
like scheduling (e.g., remotely powering on or off heating systems, controlling ovens, changing
lighting conditions etc.).[41]
Besides home-based energy management, the IoT is especially relevant to the Smart Grid since
it provides systems to gather and act on energy and power-related information in an automated
fashion with the goal to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the
production and distribution of electricity.[79] Using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) devices
connected to the Internet backbone, electric utilities can not only collect data from end-user
connections but also, manage other distribution automation devices like transformers and
reclosers.[41]
Environmental monitoring[edit]
Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in environmental
protection[80] by monitoring air or water quality,[12] atmospheric or soil conditions,[81] and can even
include areas like monitoring the movements of wildlife and their habitats.[82] Development of
resource-constrained devices connected to the Internet also means that other applications
like earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be used by emergency services to
provide more effective aid. IoT devices in this application typically span a large geographic area
and can also be mobile.[41] It has been argued that the standardization IoT brings to wireless
sensing will revolutionize this area.[83]
Building and home automation[edit]
IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical and electronic systems
used in various types of buildings (e.g., public and private, industrial, institutions, or
residential)[41] in home automation and building automation systems. In this context, three main
areas are being covered in literature:[84]
The integration of the internet with building energy management systems in order to create
energy efficient and IOT driven “smart buildings”.[84]
The possible means of real-time monitoring for reducing energy consumption[85] and
monitoring occupant behaviors.[84]
The integration of smart devices in the built environment and how they might be used in
future applications.[84]
Metropolitan scale deployments[edit]
There are several planned or ongoing large-scale deployments of the IoT, to enable better
management of cities and systems. For example, Songdo, South Korea, the first of its kind fully
equipped and wired smart city, is on near completion. Nearly everything in this city is planned to
be wired, connected and turned into a constant stream of data that would be monitored and
analyzed by an array of computers with little, or no human intervention.[citation needed]
Another application is a currently undergoing project in Santander, Spain. For this deployment,
two approaches have been adopted. This city of 180,000 inhabitants has already seen 18,000
downloads of its city smartphone app. The app is connected to 10,000 sensors that enable
services like parking search, environmental monitoring, digital city agenda, and more. City
context information is used in this deployment so as to benefit merchants through a spark deals
mechanism based on city behavior that aims at maximizing the impact of each notification.[86]
Other examples of large-scale deployments underway include the Sino-Singapore Guangzhou
Knowledge City;[87] work on improving air and water quality, reducing noise pollution, and
increasing transportation efficiency in San Jose, California;[88] and smart traffic management in
western Singapore.[89] French company, Sigfox, commenced building an ultra-
narrowband wireless data network in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2014, the first business to
achieve such a deployment in the U.S.[90][91] It subsequently announced it would set up a total of
4000 base stations to cover a total of 30 cities in the U.S. by the end of 2016, making it the
largest IoT network coverage provider in the country thus far.[92][93]
Another example of a large deployment is the one completed by New York Waterways in New
York City to connect all the city's vessels and be able to monitor them live 24/7. The network was
designed and engineered by Fluidmesh Networks, a Chicago-based company developing
wireless networks for critical applications. The NYWW network is currently providing coverage on
the Hudson River, East River, and Upper New York Bay. With the wireless network in place, NY
Waterway is able to take control of its fleet and passengers in a way that was not previously
possible. New applications can include security, energy and fleet management, digital signage,
public Wi-Fi, paperless ticketing and others.[94]
The IoT can assist in the integration of communications, control, and information processing
across various transportation systems. Application of the IoT extends to all aspects of
transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle[100], the infrastructure, and the driver or user). Dynamic
interaction between these components of a transport system enables inter and intra vehicular
communication, smart traffic control, smart parking, electronic toll collection
systems, logistic and fleet management, vehicle control, and safety and road assistance.[41][101] In
Logistics and Fleet Management for example, The IoT platform can continuously monitor the
location and conditions of cargo and assets via wireless sensors and send specific alerts when
management exceptions occur (delays, damages, thefts, etc.).
The IoT's major significant trend in recent years is the explosive growth of devices connected
and controlled by the internet. [102] The wide range of applications for IoT technology mean that
the specifics can be very different from one device to the next but there are basic characteristics
shared by most.
Intelligence[edit]
Ambient intelligence and autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet of
things. Ambient intelligence and autonomous control do not necessarily require Internet
structures, either. However, there is a shift in research to integrate the concepts of the Internet of
things and autonomous control, with initial outcomes towards this direction considering objects
as the driving force for autonomous IoT.[citation needed]
In the future, the Internet of things may be a non-deterministic and open network in which auto-
organized or intelligent entities (Web services, SOA components) and virtual objects (avatars)
will be interoperable and able to act independently (pursuing their own objectives or shared
ones) depending on the context, circumstances or environments. Autonomous behavior through
the collection and reasoning of context information as well as the object's ability to detect
changes in the environment (faults affecting sensors) and introduce suitable mitigation measures
constitutes a major research trend,[103] clearly needed to provide credibility to the IoT technology.
Modern IoT products and solutions in the marketplace use a variety of different technologies to
support such context-aware automation but more sophisticated forms of intelligence are
requested to permit sensor units to be deployed in real environments.[citation needed]
Architecture[edit]
The system will likely be an example of event-driven architecture,[104] bottom-up made (based on
the context of processes and operations, in real-time) and will consider any subsidiary level.
Therefore, model driven and functional approaches will coexist with new ones able to treat
exceptions and unusual evolution of processes (multi-agent systems, B-ADSc, etc.).[citation needed]
In an Internet of Things, the meaning of an event will not necessarily be based on a deterministic
or syntactic model but would instead be based on the context of the event itself: this will also be
a semantic web.[105] Consequently, it will not necessarily need common standards that would not
be able to address every context or use: some actors (services, components, avatars) will
accordingly be self-referenced and, if ever needed, adaptive to existing common standards
(predicting everything would be no more than defining a "global finality" for everything that is just
not possible with any of the current top-down approaches and standardizations).[citation needed]
Building on top of the Internet of things, the web of things is an architecture for the application
layer of the Internet of things looking at the convergence of data from IoT devices into Web
applications to create innovative use-cases. In order to program and control the flow of
information in the Internet of things, a predicted architectural direction is being called BPM
Everywhere which is a blending of traditional process management with process mining and
special capabilities to automate the control of large numbers of coordinated devices.[citation needed]
Network architecture[edit]
The Internet of things requires huge scalability in the network space to handle the surge of
devices.[106] IETF 6LoWPAN would be used to connect devices to IP networks. With billions of
devices[107] being added to the Internet space, IPv6 will play a major role in handling the network
layer scalability. IETF's Constrained Application Protocol, ZeroMQ, and MQTT would provide
lightweight data transport. "MQ" in "MQTT" came from IBM's MQ Series message queuing
product line.[citation needed]
Fog computing is a viable alternative to prevent such large burst of data flow through
Internet.[108] The edge devices' computation power can be used to analyse and process data, thus
providing easy real time scalability.[citation needed]
Complexity[edit]
In semi-open or closed loops (i.e. value chains, whenever a global finality can be settled) IoT will
often be considered and studied as a complex system[109] due to the huge number of different
links, interactions between autonomous actors, and its capacity to integrate new actors. At the
overall stage (full open loop) it will likely be seen as a chaotic environment (since systems always
have finality). As a practical approach, not all elements in the Internet of things run in a global,
public space. Subsystems are often implemented to mitigate the risks of privacy, control and
reliability. For example, Domestic Robotics (Domotics) running inside a smart home might only
share data within and be available via a local network.[citation needed]
Size considerations[edit]
The Internet of things would encode 50 to 100 trillion objects, and be able to follow the
movement of those objects. Human beings in surveyed urban environments are each surrounded
by 1000 to 5000 trackable objects.[110] In 2015 there were already 83 million smart devices in
people`s homes. This number is about to grow up to 193 million devices in 2020 and will for sure
go on growing in the near future. [111]
The figure of online capable devices grew 31% from 2016 to 8.4 billion in 2017.[112]
Space considerations[edit]
In the Internet of things, the precise geographic location of a thing—and also the precise
geographic dimensions of a thing—will be critical.[113] Therefore, facts about a thing, such as its
location in time and space, have been less critical to track because the person processing the
information can decide whether or not that information was important to the action being taken,
and if so, add the missing information (or decide to not take the action). (Note that some things in
the Internet of things will be sensors, and sensor location is usually important.[114])
The GeoWeb and Digital Earth are promising applications that become possible when things can
become organized and connected by location. However, the challenges that remain include the
constraints of variable spatial scales, the need to handle massive amounts of data, and an
indexing for fast search and neighbor operations. In the Internet of things, if things are able to
take actions on their own initiative, this human-centric mediation role is eliminated. Thus, the
time-space context that we as humans take for granted must be given a central role in this
information ecosystem. Just as standards play a key role in the Internet and the Web, geospatial
standards will play a key role in the Internet of things.[citation needed]
Frameworks[edit]
IoT frameworks might help support the interaction between "things" and allow for more complex
structures like distributed computing and the development of distributed applications. Currently,
some IoT frameworks seem to focus on real-time data logging solutions, offering some basis to
work with many "things" and have them interact. Future developments might lead to
specific software-development environments to create the software to work with the hardware
used in the Internet of things. Companies are developing technology platforms to provide this
type of functionality for the Internet of things. Newer platforms are being developed, which add
more intelligence.
REST is a scalable architecture that allows things to communicate over Hypertext Transfer
Protocol and is easily adopted for IoT applications to provide communication from a thing to a
central web server.[citation needed]
This is a list of technical standards for the IoT, most of which are open standards, and
the standards organizations that aspire to successfully setting them.[citation needed]
Short
Long name Standards under development Other notes
name
Institute of
Underlying communication
Electrical and
IEEE technology standards such as IEEE
Electronics
802.15.4
Engineers
MTConnect is a manufacturing
industry standard for data exchange
MTConnect
— with machine tools and related
Institute
industrial equipment. It is important
to the IIoT subset of the IoT.
Short
Long name Standards under development Other notes
name
Protocol extensions
XMPP
of XMPP (Extensible Messaging
XSF Standards
and Presence Protocol), the open
Foundation
standard of instant messaging
Addressability[edit]
The original idea of the Auto-ID Center is based on RFID-tags and unique identification through
the Electronic Product Code, however, this has evolved into objects having an IP address
or URI.[citation needed] An alternative view, from the world of the Semantic Web[121] focuses instead on
making all things (not just those electronic, smart, or RFID-enabled) addressable by the existing
naming protocols, such as URI. The objects themselves do not converse, but they may now be
referred to by other agents, such as powerful centralized servers acting for their human
owners.[citation needed]Integration with the Internet implies that devices will use an IP address as a
unique identifier. Due to the limited address space of IPv4 (which allows for 4.3 billion unique
addresses), objects in the IoT will have to use the next generation of the Internet protocol (IPv6)
to scale to the extremely large address space required.[122][123][124] Internet-of-things devices
additionally will benefit from the stateless address auto-configuration present in IPv6,[125] as it
reduces the configuration overhead on the hosts,[123] and the IETF 6LoWPAN header
compression. To a large extent, the future of the Internet of things will not be possible without the
support of IPv6; and consequently, the global adoption of IPv6 in the coming years will be critical
for the successful development of the IoT in the future.[124]
Short-range wireless[edit]
Bluetooth mesh networking – Specification providing a mesh networking variant to Bluetooth
low energy (BLE) with increased number of nodes and standardized application layer
(Models).
Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) – Wireless communication technology similar to the Wi-Fi standard, but
using visible light communication for increased bandwidth.
Near-field communication (NFC) – Communication protocols enabling two electronic devices
to communicate within a 4 cm range.
QR codes and barcodes – Machine-readable optical tags that store information about the
item to which they are attached.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) – Technology using electromagnetic fields to read data
stored in tags embedded in other items.
Thread – Network protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, similar to ZigBee,
providing IPv6 addressing.
Transport Layer Security – Network security protocol.
Wi-Fi – Widely used technology for local area networking based on the IEEE
802.11 standard, where devices may communicate through a shared access point.
Wi-Fi Direct – Variant of the Wi-Fi standard for peer-to-peer communication, eliminating the
need for an access point.
Z-Wave – Communication protocol providing short-range, low-latency data transfer at rates
and power consumption lower than Wi-Fi. Used primarily for home automation.
ZigBee – Communication protocols for personal area networking based on the IEEE
802.15.4 standard, providing low power consumption, low data rate, low cost, and high
throughput.
Medium-range wireless[edit]
HaLow – Variant of the Wi-Fi standard providing extended range for low-power
communication at a lower data rate.
LTE-Advanced – High-speed communication specification for mobile networks. Provides
enhancements to the LTE standard with extended coverage, higher throughput, and lower
latency.
Long-range wireless[edit]
Low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) – Wireless networks designed to allow long-
range communication at a low data rate, reducing power and cost for transmission. Available
LPWAN technologies and protocols: LoRaWan, Sigfox, NB-IoT, Weightless.
Very small aperture terminal (VSAT) – Satellite communication technology using small dish
antennas for narrowband and broadband data.
Long-range Wi-Fi connectivity
Wired[edit]
Ethernet – General purpose networking standard using twisted pair and fiber optic links in
conjunction with hubs or switches.
Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) – Specification enabling whole-home distribution of
high definition video and content over existing coaxial cabling.
Power-line communication (PLC) – Communication technology using electrical wiring to
carry power and data. Specifications such as HomePlug or G.hn utilize PLC for networking
IoT devices.
Simulation[edit]
IoT modeling and simulation (and emulation) is typically carried out at the design stage before
deployment of the network. Network simulators like OPNET and TETCOS NetSim can be used to
simulate IoT networks.[citation needed] Digital Twins may also be implemented to produce updates on
the status and health of an asset, based upon sensor readings integrated with a computational
model of the asset.[126]. The original twin model idea came from [127], in which a physical operation
was coupled with a virtual operation by means of an intelligent reasoning agent. The detailed
version of this concept is presented in [128].
Beyond of networking, a number of API simulation frameworks (such as Hoverfly, Wiremock,
sMockin, SoapUI etc..) have emerged to help simplify IoT development. These remove the need
for a full end to end integration setup, by allowing developers to quickly replicate the behaviour of
any third party web services their application may need to interface with.
Data security – At the time of designing IoT companies should ensure that data collection,
storage and processing would be secure at all times. Companies should adopt a “defence in
depth” approach and encrypt data at each stage.[134]
Data consent – users should have a choice as to what data they share with IoT companies
and the users must be informed if their data gets exposed.
Data minimization – IoT companies should collect only the data they need and retain the
collected information only for a limited time.
However, the FTC stopped at just making recommendations for now. According to an FTC
analysis, the existing framework, consisting of the FTC Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and
the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, along with developing consumer education and
business guidance, participation in multi-stakeholder efforts and advocacy to other agencies at
the federal, state and local level, is sufficient to protect consumer rights.[135]
A resolution passed by the Senate in March 2015, is already being considered by the
Congress.[136] This resolution recognized the need for formulating a National Policy on IoT and the
matter of privacy, security and spectrum. Furthermore, to provide an impetus to the IoT
ecosystem, in March 2016, a bipartisan group of four Senators proposed a bill, The Developing
Innovation and Growing the Internet of Things (DIGIT) Act, to direct the Federal Communications
Commission to assess the need for more spectrum to connect IoT devices.
Several standards for the IoT industry are actually being established relating to automobiles
because most concerns arising from use of connected cars apply to healthcare devices as well.
In fact, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is preparing cybersecurity
guidelines and a database of best practices to make automotive computer systems more
secure.[137]
A recent report from the World Bank examines the challenges and opportunities in government
adoption of IoT[138]. These include -
Security[edit]
Concerns have been raised that the Internet of things is being developed rapidly without
appropriate consideration of the profound security challenges involved[166] and the regulatory
changes that might be necessary.[167][168]
Most of the technical security issues are similar to those of conventional servers, workstations
and smartphones, but the firewall, security update and anti-malware systems used for those are
generally unsuitable for the much smaller, less capable, IoT devices.[citation needed]
Network security will remain preferred solution for IoT security products, with sales anticipated to
account for nearly US $15,000 mln by 2027-end. End-point/ device security will continue to be
the second largest solution for IoT security products. In addition, vulnerability management
solution for IoT security products will register fastest expansion through 2027.Revenues
amassed from smart grid, and home & building automation applications of IoT security products
will collectively account for revenues worth US $26,753.5 mln by 2027-end.[169]
According to the Business Insider Intelligence Survey conducted in the last quarter of 2014, 39%
of the respondents said that security is the biggest concern in adopting Internet of things
technology.[170] In particular, as the Internet of things spreads widely, cyber attacks are likely to
become an increasingly physical (rather than simply virtual) threat.[171] In a January 2014 article
in Forbes, cyber-security columnist Joseph Steinberg listed many Internet-connected appliances
that can already "spy on people in their own homes" including televisions, kitchen
appliances,[172] cameras, and thermostats.[173] Computer-controlled devices in automobiles such as
brakes, engine, locks, hood and trunk releases, horn, heat, and dashboard have been shown to
be vulnerable to attackers who have access to the on-board network. In some cases, vehicle
computer systems are Internet-connected, allowing them to be exploited remotely.[174] By 2008
security researchers had shown the ability to remotely control pacemakers without authority.
Later hackers demonstrated remote control of insulin pumps[175] and implantable cardioverter
defibrillators.[176] David Poguewrote[177] that some recently published reports about hackers
remotely controlling certain functions of automobiles were not as serious as one might otherwise
guess because of various mitigating circumstances; such as the bug that allowed the hack
having been fixed before the report was published, or that the hack required security researchers
having physical access to the car prior to the hack to prepare for it.[citation needed]
The U.S. National Intelligence Council in an unclassified report maintains that it would be hard to
deny "access to networks of sensors and remotely-controlled objects by enemies of the United
States, criminals, and mischief makers... An open market for aggregated sensor data could serve
the interests of commerce and security no less than it helps criminals and spies identify
vulnerable targets. Thus, massively parallel sensor fusion may undermine social cohesion, if it
proves to be fundamentally incompatible with Fourth-Amendment guarantees against
unreasonable search."[178] In general, the intelligence community views the Internet of things as a
rich source of data.[179]
As a response to increasing concerns over security, the Internet of Things Security Foundation
(IoTSF) was launched on 23 September 2015. IoTSF has a mission to secure the Internet of
things by promoting knowledge and best practice. Its founding board is made from technology
providers and telecommunications companies including BT, Vodafone, Imagination Technologies
and Pen Test Partners. In addition, large IT companies are continuously developing innovative
solutions to ensure the security for IoT devices. As per the estimates from KBV Research,[180] the
overall IoT security market[181] would grow at 27.9% rate during 2016–2022 as a result of growing
infrastructural concerns and diversified usage of Internet of things.[182][183]
In 2016, a distributed denial of service attack powered by Internet of things devices running
the Mirai malware took down a DNS provider and major web sites.[184] In May 2017, Junade Ali, a
Computer Scientist at Cloudflare noted that native DDoS vulnerabilities exist in IoT devices due
to a poor implementation of the Publish–subscribe pattern.[185][186]
While security is a concern there are many things being done to protect devices. Device data is
following cryptographic standards and encryption is being used in end-to-end scenarios.[187] To
help with this scenario x.509 certificates are also being used to verify device identity.[188]
Security experts view Internet of things as a threat to the traditional Internet.[189] Some argue that
market incentive to secure IoT devices is insufficient and increased governmental regulation is
necessary to make the Internet of things secure.[190]
The overall understanding of IoT is essential for basic user security. Keeping up with current anti
virus software and patching updates will help mitigate cyber attacks.
Design[edit]
Given widespread recognition of the evolving nature of the design and management of the
Internet of things, sustainable and secure deployment of IoT solutions must design for "anarchic
scalability."[191] Application of the concept of anarchic scalability can be extended to physical
systems (i.e. controlled real-world objects), by virtue of those systems being designed to account
for uncertain management futures. This "hard anarchic scalability" thus provides a pathway
forward to fully realize the potential of Internet-of-things solutions by selectively constraining
physical systems to allow for all management regimes without risking physical failure.[citation needed]
Brown University computer scientist Michael Littman has argued that successful execution of the
Internet of things requires consideration of the interface's usability as well as the technology
itself. These interfaces need to be not only more user-friendly but also better integrated: "If users
need to learn different interfaces for their vacuums, their locks, their sprinklers, their lights, and
their coffeemakers, it's tough to say that their lives have been made any easier."[192]
Confusing terminology[edit]
Kevin Lonergan at Information Age, a business-technology magazine, has referred to the terms
surrounding IoT as a “terminology zoo”.[196] The lack of clear terminology is not “useful from a
practical point of view” and a “source of confusion for the end user”.[196] A company operating in
the IoT space could be working in anything related to sensor technology, networking, embedded
systems, or analytics.[196] According to Lonergan, the term IoT was coined before smart phones,
tablets, and devices as we know them today existed, and there is a long list of terms with varying
degrees of overlap and technological convergence: Internet of things, Internet of everything
(IoE), industrial Internet, pervasive computing, pervasive sensing, ubiquitous computing, cyber-
physical systems (CPS), wireless sensor networks (WSN), smart objects, cooperating
objects, machine to machine (M2M), ambient intelligence (AmI), Operational technology (OT),
and information technology (IT).[196] Regarding IIoT, an industrial sub-field of IoT, the Industrial
Internet Consortium's Vocabulary Task Group has created a "common and reusable vocabulary
of terms"[197] to ensure "consistent terminology"[197][198] across publications issued by the Industrial
Internet Consortium. IoT One has created an IoT Terms Database including a New Term
Alert[199] to be notified when a new term is published. As of March 2017, this database aggregates
711 IoT-related terms,[200] however, without any attempts to reduce terminological ambiguity and
complexity.[citation needed]
GE Digital CEO William Ruh speaking about GE's attempts to gain a foothold in the market for IoT services
at the first IEEE Computer SocietyTechIgnite conference.
See also[edit]
Home automation
Web of things
Smart grid
Cyber-physical system
Cloud manufacturing
Data Distribution Service
Digital object memory
Indoor positioning system
Open Interconnect Consortium
OpenWSN
5G
Digital twin
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b Brown, Eric (13 September 2016). "Who Needs the Internet of
Things?". Linux.com. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Brown, Eric (20 September 2016). "21 Open Source Projects for IoT". Linux.com.
Retrieved 23 October 2016.
3. Jump up^ "Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
4. Jump up^ http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/diginomics/grosse-internationale-allianz-gegen-
cyber-attacken-15451953-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_1
5. Jump up^ Nordrum, Amy (18 August 2016). "Popular Internet of Things Forecast of 50 Billion
Devices by 2020 Is Outdated". IEEE.
6. Jump up^ Hsu, Chin-Lung; Lin, Judy Chuan-Chuan. "An empirical examination of consumer
adoption of Internet of Things services: Network externalities and concern for information privacy
perspectives". Computers in Human Behavior. 62: 516–527. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.023.
7. Jump up^ "Internet of Things: Science Fiction or Business Fact?" (PDF). Harvard Business
Review. November 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
8. Jump up^ Vermesan, Ovidiu; Friess, Peter (2013). Internet of Things: Converging Technologies
for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems (PDF). Aalborg, Denmark: River
Publishers. ISBN 978-87-92982-96-4.
9. Jump up^ Santucci, Gérald. "The Internet of Things: Between the Revolution of the Internet and
the Metamorphosis of Objects" (PDF). European Commission Community Research and
Development Information Service. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
10. Jump up^ Mattern, Friedemann; Floerkemeier, Christian. "From the Internet of Computers to the
Internet of Things" (PDF). ETH Zurich. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
11. Jump up^ Lindner, Tim (13 July 2015). "The Supply Chain: Changing at the Speed of
Technology". Connected World. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b "Molluscan eye". Retrieved 26 June 2015.
13. Jump up^ Erlich, Yaniv (2015). "A vision for ubiquitous sequencing". Genome Research. 25(10):
1411–1416. doi:10.1101/gr.191692.115. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 4579324 . PMID 26430149.
14. ^ Jump up to:a b Wigmore, I. (June 2014). "Internet of Things (IoT)". TechTarget.
15. Jump up^ Noto La Diega, Guido; Walden, Ian (1 February 2016). "Contracting for the 'Internet of
Things': Looking into the Nest". Queen Mary School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No.
219/2016. SSRN 2725913 .
16. Jump up^ Hendricks, Drew. "The Trouble with the Internet of Things". London Datastore. Greater
London Authority. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
17. Jump up^ Ashton, K. (22 June 2009). "That 'Internet of Things' Thing". Retrieved 9 May2017.
18. Jump up^ "Internet of Things (IoT)". gatewaytechnolabs.com.
19. Jump up^ "The "Only" Coke Machine on the Internet". Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 10
November 2014.
20. Jump up^ "Internet of Things Done Wrong Stifles Innovation". InformationWeek. 7 July 2014.
Retrieved 10 November 2014.
21. Jump up^ Mattern, Friedemann; Floerkemeier, Christian (2010). "From the Internet of Computers
to the Internet of Things" (PDF). Informatik-Spektrum. 33 (2): 107–121. doi:10.1007/s00287-010-
0417-7. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
22. Jump up^ Weiser, Mark (1991). "The Computer for the 21st Century" (PDF). Scientific
American. 265 (3): 94–104. Bibcode:1991SciAm.265c..94W. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0991-
94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
23. Jump up^ Raji, RS (June 1994). "Smart networks for control". IEEE Spectrum.
24. Jump up^ Pontin, Jason (29 September 2005). "ETC: Bill Joy's Six Webs". MIT Technology
Review. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
25. Jump up^ Analyst Anish Gaddam interviewed by Sue Bushell in Computerworld, on 24 July 2000
("M-commerce key to ubiquitous internet")
26. ^ Jump up to:a b Magrassi, P. (2 May 2002). "Why a Universal RFID Infrastructure Would Be a
Good Thing". Gartner research report G00106518.
27. Jump up^ "Peter Day's World of Business". BBC World Service. BBC. Retrieved 4 October2016.
28. Jump up^ Magrassi, P.; Berg, T (12 August 2002). "A World of Smart Objects". Gartner research
report R-17-2243.
29. Jump up^ Commission of the European Communities (18 June 2009). "Internet of Things — An
action plan for Europe" (PDF). COM(2009) 278 final.
30. Jump up^ Wood, Alex (31 March 2015). "The internet of things is revolutionizing our lives, but
standards are a must". The Guardian.
31. Jump up^ "From M2M to The Internet of Things: Viewpoints From Europe". Techvibes. 7 July
2011. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013.
32. Jump up^ Sristava, Lara (16 May 2011). "The Internet of Things – Back to the Future
(Presentation)". European Commission Internet of Things Conference in Budapest – via YouTube.
33. Jump up^ Magrassi, P.; Panarella, A.; Deighton, N.; Johnson, G. (28 September
2001). "Computers to Acquire Control of the Physical World". Gartner research report T-14-0301.
34. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Evolution of Internet of Things". Casaleggio Associati. February 2011.[need
quotation to verify]
35. Jump up^ H. Zhuge, Future Interconnection Environment – Dream, Principle, Challenge and
Practice, Keynote at the 5th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management,
WAIM 2004: Advances in Web-Age Information Management, 15–17 July 2004, Springer LNCS
3129, pp. 13–22.
36. Jump up^ H. Zhuge, The Future Interconnection Environment, IEEE Computer, 38 (4) (2005) 27–
33.
37. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Enterprise Internet of Things Market". Business Insider. 25 February 2015.
Retrieved 26 June 2015.
38. Jump up^ Perera, C.; Liu, C. H.; Jayawardena, S. (December 2015). "The Emerging Internet of
Things Marketplace From an Industrial Perspective: A Survey". IEEE Transactions on Emerging
Topics in Computing. 3 (4): 585–598. doi:10.1109/TETC.2015.2390034. ISSN 2168-6750.
39. Jump up^ ""Budget 2015: some of the things we've announced"". Retrieved 31 March 2015.
40. Jump up^ Vongsingthong, S.; Smanchat, S. (2014). "Internet of Things: A review of applications
& technologies" (PDF). Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology.
41. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k Ersue, M.; Romascanu, D.; Schoenwaelder, J.; Sehgal, A. (4 July
2014). "Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases". IETF Internet Draft.
42. Jump up^ Mitchell, Shane; Villa, Nicola; Stewart-Weeks, Martin; Lange, Anne. "The Internet of
Everything for Cities: Connecting People, Process, Data, and Things To Improve the 'Livability' of
Cities and Communities" (PDF). Cisco Systems. Retrieved 10 July2014.
43. Jump up^ Narayanan, Ajit. "Impact of Internet of Things on the Retail Industry". PCQuest. Cyber
Media Ltd. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
44. Jump up^ CasCard; Gemalto; Ericsson. "Smart Shopping: spark deals" (PDF). EU FP7 BUTLER
Project.
45. Jump up^ Kyriazis, D.; Varvarigou, T.; Rossi, A.; White, D.; Cooper, J. (4–7 June 2013).
"Sustainable smart city IoT applications: Heat and electricity management & Eco-conscious cruise
control for public transportation". IEEE International Symposium and Workshops on a World of
Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM):
1. doi:10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583500. ISBN 978-1-4673-5827-9.
46. Jump up^ Eggimann, Sven; Mutzner, Lena; Wani, Omar; Mariane Yvonne, Schneider; Spuhler,
Dorothee; Beutler, Philipp; Maurer, Max (2017). "The potential of knowing more – a review of
data-driven urban water management". Environmental Science & Technology.
47. Jump up^ Xie, Xiao-Feng; Wang, Zun-Jing (2017). "Integrated in-vehicle decision support system
for driving at signalized intersections: A prototype of smart IoT in transportation". Transportation
Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, USA.
48. Jump up^ Witkovski, Adriano (2015). "An IdM and Key-based Authentication Method for
providing Single Sign-On in IoT" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM:
1. doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.2015.7417597. ISBN 978-1-4799-5952-5.
49. Jump up^ Clark, Liat. "Oxford Nanopore: we want to create the internet of living things". Wired
UK. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
50. Jump up^ "Making your home 'smart', the Indian way". The Times of India. Retrieved 26
June 2015.
51. Jump up^ "How IoT's are Changing the Fundamentals of "Retailing"". Trak.in – Indian Business
of Tech, Mobile & Startups. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
52. Jump up^ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo. "When the Internet of Things Starts to Feel Like the
Internet of Shit". Motherboard. Vice Media Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
53. Jump up^ Serebrin, Jacob. "Connected Lab Picks Up Where Xtreme Labs Left Off". Techvibes.
Techvibes Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
54. Jump up^ Porup, J.M. ""Internet of Things" security is hilariously broken and getting worse". Ars
Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
55. Jump up^ Kang, Won Min; Moon, Seo Yeon; Park, Jong Hyuk (5 March 2017). ""An enhanced
security framework for home appliances in smart home"". Human-centric Computing and
Information Sciences. 7 (6). doi:10.1186/s13673-017-0087-4. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
56. Jump up^ Harper, Richard (2003). Inside the Smart Home. Springer. ISBN 1-85233-688-9.
57. Jump up^ Demiris, G; Hensel, K (2008). ""Technologies for an Aging Society: A Systematic
Review of 'Smart Home' Applications"" (PDF). "IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2008": 33–
40. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
58. Jump up^ Aburukba, Raafat; Al-Ali, A. R.; Kandil, Nourhan; AbuDamis, Diala (10 May
2016). ""Configurable ZigBee-based control system for people with multiple disabilities in smart
homes"". IEEE. doi:10.1109/ICCSII.2016.7462435. Retrieved 27 October2017.
59. Jump up^ Mulvenna, Maurice; Hutton, Anton; Martin, Suzanne; Todd, Stephen; Bond, Raymond;
Moorhead, Anne (14 December 2017). ""Views of Caregivers on the Ethics of Assistive
Technology Used for Home Surveillance of People Living with
Dementia"" (PDF). Neuroethics. doi:10.1007/s12152-017-9305-z. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
60. Jump up^ Demiris, G; Hensel, K (2008). ""Technologies for an Aging Society: A Systematic
Review of 'Smart Home' Applications"" (PDF). "IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2008": 33–
40. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
61. Jump up^ "How IoT & smart home automation will change the way we live". Business Insider.
Retrieved 10 November 2017.
62. Jump up^ Meadows-Klue, Danny. "A new era of personal data unlocked in an "Internet of
Things"". Digital Strategy Consulting. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
63. Jump up^ Couldry, Nick; Turow, Joseph (2014). "Advertising, Big Data, and the Clearance of the
Public Realm: Marketers' New Approaches to the Content Subsidy". International Journal of
Communication. 8: 1710–1726.
64. Jump up^ Moss, Jamie (20 June 2014). "The internet of things: unlocking the marketing
potential". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
65. Jump up^ Millman, Rene. "6 real-life examples of IoT disrupting retail". Internet of Business.
Retrieved 21 February 2016.
66. ^ Jump up to:a b Gubbi, Jayavardhana; Buyya, Rajkumar; Marusic, Slaven; Palaniswami,
Marimuthu (24 February 2013). "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and
future directions". Future Generation Computer Systems. 29 (7): 1645–
1660. doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.
67. Jump up^ Chui, Michael; Löffler, Markus; Roberts, Roger. "The Internet of Things". McKinsey
Quarterly. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
68. Jump up^ "Smart Trash". Postscapes. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
69. Jump up^ "THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT): REVOLUTIONIZED THE WAY WE
LIVE!". Postscapes. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
70. Jump up^ Severi, S.; Abreu, G.; Sottile, F.; Pastrone, C.; Spirito, M.; Berens, F. (23–26 June
2014). "M2M Technologies: Enablers for a Pervasive Internet of Things". The European
Conference on Networks and Communications (EUCNC2014).
71. Jump up^ Tan, Lu; Wang, Neng (20–22 August 2010). "Future Internet: The Internet of
Things". 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering
(ICACTE). 5: 376–380. doi:10.1109/ICACTE.2010.5579543. ISBN 978-1-4244-6539-2.
72. ^ Jump up to:a b c Daugherty, Paul; Negm, Walid; Banerjee, Prith; Alter, Allan. "Driving
Unconventional Growth through the Industrial Internet of Things" (PDF). Accenture. Retrieved 17
March 2016.
73. ^ Jump up to:a b Lee, Jay; Bagheri, Behrad; Kao, Hung-An (2015). "A cyber-physical systems
architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems". Manufacturing Letters. 3: 18–
23. doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001.
74. Jump up^ Lee, Jay (2015). Industrial Big Data. China: Mechanical Industry Press. ISBN 978-7-
111-50624-9.
75. Jump up^ "Industrial Internet Insights Report" (PDF). Accenture. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
76. Jump up^ "Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems". IMS Center. Retrieved 8 March2016.
77. Jump up^ Lee, Jay (1 December 2003). "E-manufacturing—fundamental, tools, and
transformation". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Leadership of the Future in
Manufacturing. 19 (6): 501–507. doi:10.1016/S0736-5845(03)00060-7.
78. ^ Jump up to:a b Lee, Jay (19 November 2014). "Keynote Presentation: Recent Advances and
Transformation Direction of PHM". Roadmapping Workshop on Measurement Science for
Prognostics and Health Management of Smart Manufacturing Systems Agenda. NIST.
79. ^ Jump up to:a b Parello, J.; Claise, B.; Schoening, B.; Quittek, J. (28 April 2014). "Energy
Management Framework". IETF Internet Draft <draft-ietf-eman-framework-19>.
80. Jump up^ Davies, Nicola. "How the Internet of Things will enable 'smart buildings'". Extreme
Tech.
81. Jump up^ Li, Shixing; Wang, Hong; Xu, Tao; Zhou, Guiping (2011). "Application Study on
Internet of Things in Environment Protection Field". Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 133: 99–106. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25992-
0_13. ISBN 978-3-642-25991-3.
82. Jump up^ "Use case: Sensitive wildlife monitoring". FIT French Project. Retrieved 10 July2014.
83. Jump up^ Hart, Jane K.; Martinez, Kirk (1 May 2015). "Toward an environmental Internet of
Things". Earth & Space Science. 2: 194–200. doi:10.1002/2014EA000044. Archived from the
original on 17 June 2016.
84. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Haase, J.; Alahmad, M.; Nishi, H.; Ploennigs, J.; Tsang, K. F. (1 July
2016). "The IOT mediated built environment: A brief survey". 2016 IEEE 14th International
Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN): 1065–1068. doi:10.1109/INDIN.2016.7819322.
85. Jump up^ Jussi Karlgren; Lennart Fahlén; Anders Wallberg; Pär Hansson; Olov Ståhl; Jonas
Söderberg; Karl-Petter Åkesson (2008). "Socially Intelligent Interfaces for Increased Energy
Awareness in the Home". The Internet of Things. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Springer. 4952. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78731-0_17. ISBN 978-3-540-78730-3. Retrieved 15
November 2017.
86. Jump up^ Rico, Juan (22–24 April 2014). "Going beyond monitoring and actuating in large scale
smart cities". NFC & Proximity Solutions – WIMA Monaco.
87. Jump up^ "A vision for a city today, a city of vision tomorrow". Sino-Singapore Guangzhou
Knowledge City. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
88. Jump up^ "San Jose Implements Intel Technology for a Smarter City". Intel Newsroom.
Retrieved 11 July 2014.
89. Jump up^ "Western Singapore becomes test-bed for smart city solutions". Coconuts Singapore.
Retrieved 11 July 2014.
90. Jump up^ Lipsky, Jessica. "IoT Clash Over 900 MHz Options". EETimes. Retrieved 15 May2015.
91. Jump up^ Alleven, Monica. "Sigfox launches IoT network in 10 UK cities". Fierce Wireless Tech.
Retrieved 13 May 2015.
92. Jump up^ Merritt, Rick. "13 Views of IoT World". EETimes. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
93. Jump up^ Fitchard, Kevin. "Sigfox brings its internet of things network to San
Francisco". Gigaom. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
94. Jump up^ "STE Security Innovation Awards Honorable Mention: The End of the
Disconnect". securityinfowatch.com. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
95. Jump up^ "Can we expect the Internet of Things in healthcare?". IoT Agenda. Retrieved 21
November 2016.
96. Jump up^ "IoT In Healthcare Industry: See Why It Has A Promising Future".
97. Jump up^ Istepanian, R.; Hu, S.; Philip, N.; Sungoor, A. (2011). "The potential of Internet of m-
health Things "m-IoT" for non-invasive glucose level sensing". Annual International Conference of
the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
(EMBC). doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091302. ISBN 978-1-4577-1589-1.
98. Jump up^ Swan, Melanie (8 November 2012). "Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable
Computing, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0". Sensor and Actuator Networks. 1 (3):
217–253. doi:10.3390/jsan1030217.
99. Jump up^ Hruska, Joel (12 May 2014). "FDA approves the Deka arm, the first commercial mind-
controlled prosthetic arm – ExtremeTech". ExtremeTech.
100. Jump up^ Mahmud, Khizir; Town, Graham E.; Morsalin, Sayidul; Hossain, M.J. (February
2018). "Integration of electric vehicles and management in the internet of energy". Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews. 82: 4179–4203. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.11.004.
101. Jump up^ "Key Applications of the Smart IoT to Transform Transportation". Retrieved 28
October 2017.
102. Jump up^ Nordrum, Amy (18 August 2016). "Popular Internet of Things Forecast of 50
Billion Devices by 2020 Is Outdated". IEEE.
103. Jump up^ Alippi, C. (2014). Intelligence for Embedded Systems. Springer
Verlag. ISBN 978-3-319-05278-6.
104. Jump up^ Gautier, Philippe (2007). "RFID et acquisition de données évènementielles :
retours d'expérience chez Bénédicta". Systèmes d'Information et Management – revue
trimestrielle (in French). ESKA. 12 (2): 94–96. ISBN 978-2-7472-1290-8. ISSN 1260-4984.
105. Jump up^ Fayon, David (17 April 2010). "3 questions to Philippe Gautier". i-o-t.org.
Retrieved 26 June 2015.
106. Jump up^ Pal, Arpan (May–June 2015). "Internet of Things: Making the Hype a
Reality"(PDF). IT Pro. IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
107. Jump up^ "Gartner Says 6.4 Billion Connected "Things" Will Be in Use in 2016, Up 30
Percent From 2015". Gartner. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
108. Jump up^ Reza Arkian, Hamid. "MIST: Fog-based Data Analytics Scheme with Cost-
Efficient Resource Provisioning for IoT Crowdsensing Applications". Journal of Network and
Computer Applications. 82: 152–165. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2017.01.012.
109. Jump up^ Gautier, Philippe; Gonzalez, Laurent (2011). L'Internet des Objets... Internet,
mais en mieux (PDF). Foreword by Gérald Santucci (European commission), postword by Daniel
Kaplan (FING) and Michel Volle. Paris: AFNOR editions. ISBN 978-2-12-465316-4.
110. Jump up^ Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (2007). Nanoinformatique et intelligence ambiante.
Inventer l'Ordinateur du XXIeme Siècle. London: Hermes Science. p. 254. ISBN 2-7462-1516-0.
111. Jump up^ "How IoT & smart home automation will change the way we live". Business
Insider. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
112. Jump up^ http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/diginomics/grosse-internationale-allianz-
gegen-cyber-attacken-15451953-p2.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_1
113. Jump up^ "OGC SensorThings API standard specification". OGC. Retrieved 15
February2016.
114. Jump up^ "OGC Sensor Web Enablement: Overview And High Level Architecture". OGC.
Retrieved 15 February 2016.
115. Jump up^ "Internet of Things: The "Basket of Remotes" Problem". Monday Note.
Retrieved 26 June 2015.
116. Jump up^ "Better Business Decisions with Advanced Predictive Analytics". Intel.
Retrieved 26 June 2015.
117. Jump up^ Want, Roy; Bill N. Schilit, Scott Jenson (2015). "Enabling the Internet of
Things". 1. Sponsored by IEEE Computer Society. IEEE. pp. 28–35.
118. Jump up^ Al-Fuqaha, A.; Guizani, M.; Mohammadi, M.; Aledhari, M.; Ayyash, M. (1
January 2015). "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and
Applications". IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials. 17 (4): 2347–
2376. doi:10.1109/COMST.2015.2444095. ISSN 1553-877X.
119. Jump up^ "The Internet of Things: a jumbled mess or a jumbled mess?". The Register.
Retrieved 5 June 2016.
120. Jump up^ "Can we talk? Internet of Things vendors face a communications
'mess'". Computerworld. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
121. Jump up^ Dan Brickley et al., c. 2001
122. Jump up^ Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (2008). Nanocomputers and Swarm Intelligence.
London: ISTE. pp. 227–231. ISBN 1-84704-002-0.
123. ^ Jump up to:a b Kushalnagar, N.; Montenegro, G.; Schumacher, C. (August 2007). IPv6
over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions,
Problem Statement, and Goals. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4919. RFC 4919.
124. ^ Jump up to:a b Sun, Charles C. (1 May 2014). "Stop using Internet Protocol Version
4!". Computerworld.
125. Jump up^ Thomson, S.; Narten, T.; Jinmei, T. (September 2007). IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4862. RFC 4862.
126. Jump up^ Bantégnie, Eric. "Creating a Digital Twin of a Pump". Ansys Blog. Retrieved 27
June 2017.
127. Jump up^ Lee, Jay (January 1998). "Teleservice engineering in manufacturing:
challenges and opportunities". International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 38: 901–
910. doi:10.1016/S0890-6955(97)00135-1.
128. Jump up^ Lee, Jay (1993). "Analysis of machine degradation using a neural network
based pattern discrimination model". Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 12: 379–
387. doi:10.1016/0278-6125(93)90306-E.
129. Jump up^ Howard, Philip N. (1 June 2015). "The Internet of Things is Posed to Change
Democracy Itself". Politico. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
130. Jump up^ Thompson, Kirsten; Mattalo, Brandon (24 November 2015). "The Internet of
Things: Guidance, Regulation and the Canadian Approach". CyberLex. Retrieved 23
October 2016.
131. Jump up^ "The Question of Who Owns the Data Is About to Get a Lot Trickier". Fortune.
6 April 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
132. Jump up^ Lopez, Javier; Rios, Ruben; Bao, Feng; Wang, Guilin. "Evolving privacy: From
sensors to the Internet of Things". Future Generation Computer Systems. 75: 46–
57. doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.04.045.
133. Jump up^ "The 'Internet of Things': Legal Challenges in an Ultra-connected
World". Mason Hayes & Curran. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
134. Jump up^ Brown, Ian (2015). "Regulation and the Internet of Things" (PDF). Oxford
Internet Institute. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
135. Jump up^ "FTC Report on Internet of Things Urges Companies to Adopt Best Practices
to Address Consumer Privacy and Security Risks". Federal Trade Commission. 27 January 2015.
Retrieved 23 October 2016.
136. Jump up^ Lawson, Stephen (2 March 2016). "IoT users could win with a new bill in the
US Senate". MIS-Asia. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
137. Jump up^ Pittman, F. Paul (2 February 2016). "Legal Developments in Connected Car
Arena Provide Glimpse of Privacy and Data Security Regulation in Internet of Things". Lexology.
Retrieved 23 October 2016.
138. Jump up^ Rasit, Yuce,Mehmet; Claus, Beisswenger,Stefan; Mangalam,Srikanth;
Das,Prasanna, Lal; Martin, Lukac, (2017-11-02). "Internet of things : the new government to
business platform - a review of opportunities, practices, and challenges".
139. Jump up^ Wieland, Ken (25 February 2016). "IoT experts fret over fragmentation". Mobile
World.
140. Jump up^ Wallace, Michael (19 February 2016). "Fragmentation is the enemy of the
Internet of Things". Qualcomm.com.
141. Jump up^ Bauer, Harald; Patel, Mark; Veira, Jan (October 2015). "Internet of Things:
Opportunities and challenges for semiconductor companies". McKinsey & Co.
142. Jump up^ Ardiri, Aaron (8 July 2014). "Will fragmentation of standards only hinder the
true potential of the IoT industry?". evothings.com.
143. Jump up^ "IOT Brings Fragmentation in Platform" (PDF). arm.com.
144. Jump up^ Raggett, Dave (27 April 2016). "Countering Fragmentation with the Web of
Things: Interoperability across IoT platforms" (PDF). W3C.
145. Jump up^ Kovach, Steve (30 July 2013). "Android Fragmentation Report". Business
Insider. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
146. Jump up^ Piedad, Floyd N. "Will Android fragmentation spoil its IoT
appeal?". TechBeacon.
147. Jump up^ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo. "Goodbye, Android". Motherboard. Vice.
Retrieved 2 August 2015.
148. Jump up^ Kingsley-Hughes, Adrian. "The toxic hellstew survival guide". ZDnet.
Retrieved 2 August 2015.
149. Jump up^ Tung, Liam (13 October 2015). "Android security a 'market for lemons' that
leaves 87 percent vulnerable". ZDNet. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
150. Jump up^ Thomas, Daniel R.; Beresford, Alastair R.; Rice, Andrew. "Security Metrics for
the Android Ecosystem" (PDF). Computer Laboratory, University of
Cambridge. doi:10.1145/2808117.2808118. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
151. Jump up^ Howard, Philip N. (2015). Pax Technica: How the internet of things May Set Us
Free, Or Lock Us Up. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30019-947-5.
152. Jump up^ McEwan, Adrian (2014). "Designing the Internet of Things" (PDF). Retrieved 1
June 2016.
153. Jump up^ Reddington, Clare. "Connected Things and Civic Responsibilities". Storify.
Retrieved 20 May 2016.
154. Jump up^ "Panopticon as a metaphor for the internet of things" (PDF). The Council of the
Internet of Things. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
155. ^ Jump up to:a b "Foucault" (PDF). UCLA.
156. Jump up^ "Deleuze – 1992 – Postscript on the Societies of Control" (PDF). UCLA.
157. Jump up^ Yoshigoe, Kenji; Dai, Wei; Abramson, Melissa; Jacobs, Alexander (2015).
"Overcoming Invasion of Privacy in Smart Home Environment with Synthetic Packet
Injection". TRON Symposium (TRONSHOW):
1. doi:10.1109/TRONSHOW.2014.7396875. ISBN 978-4-8936-2317-1.
158. Jump up^ Verbeek, Peter-Paul (2011). Moralizing Technology: Understanding and
Designing the Morality of Things. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-22685-
291-1.
159. Jump up^ Cardwell, Diane (18 February 2014). "At Newark Airport, the Lights Are On,
and They're Watching You". The New York Times.
160. Jump up^ Hardy, Quentin (4 February 2015). "Tim O'Reilly Explains the Internet of
Things". The New York Times Bits. The New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
161. Jump up^ Webb, Geoff (5 February 2015). "Say Goodbye to Privacy". WIRED.
Retrieved 15 February 2015.
162. Jump up^ Crump, Catherine; Harwood, Matthew (25 March 2014). "The Net Closes
Around Us". TomDispatch.
163. Jump up^ Brown, Ian (12 February 2013). "Britain's Smart Meter Programme: A Case
Study in Privacy by Design". International Review of Law, Computers & Technology. 28: 172–
184. doi:10.1080/13600869.2013.801580. SSRN 2215646 . Retrieved 29 May 2017.
164. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Societal Impact of the Internet of Things" (PDF). British Computer
Society. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
165. ^ Jump up to:a b Gubbi, Jayavardhana; Buyya, Rajkumar; Marusic, Slaven; Palaniswami,
Marimuthu (1 September 2013). "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and
future directions". Future Generation Computer Systems. Including Special sections: Cyber-
enabled Distributed Computing for Ubiquitous Cloud and Network Services & Cloud Computing
and Scientific Applications — Big Data, Scalable Analytics, and Beyond. 29 (7): 1645–
1660. doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.
166. Jump up^ Singh, Jatinder; Pasquier, Thomas; Bacon, Jean; Ko, Hajoon; Eyers, David
(2015). "Twenty Cloud Security Considerations for Supporting the Internet of Things". IEEE
Internet of Things Journal. 3 (3): 1. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2015.2460333.
167. Jump up^ Clearfield, Chris. "Why The FTC Can't Regulate The Internet Of
Things". Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
168. Jump up^ Feamster, Nick (18 February 2017). "Mitigating the Increasing Risks of an
Insecure Internet of Things". Freedom to Tinker. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
169. Jump up^ "Internet of Things (IoT) Security Product Market by 2027". Future Market
Insights. 2017-07-18.
170. Jump up^ "We Asked Executives About The Internet Of Things And Their Answers
Reveal That Security Remains A Huge Concern". Business Insider. Retrieved 26 June2015.
171. Jump up^ Clearfield, Christopher (26 June 2013). "Rethinking Security for the Internet of
Things". Harvard Business Review Blog.
172. Jump up^ A. Witkovski; A. O. Santin; J. E. Marynowski; V. Abreu Jr. (December
2016). "An IdM and Key-based Authentication Method for providing Single Sign-On in IoT" (PDF).
IEEE Globecom.
173. Jump up^ Steinberg, Joseph (27 January 2014). "These Devices May Be Spying On You
(Even In Your Own Home)". Forbes. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
174. Jump up^ Greenberg, Andy (21 July 2015). "Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the
Highway—With Me in It". Wired. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
175. Jump up^ Scientific American, April 2015, p.68.
176. Jump up^ Loukas, George (June 2015). Cyber-Physical Attacks A growing invisible
threat. Oxford, UK: Butterworh-Heinemann (Elsevier). p. 65. ISBN 9780128012901.
177. Jump up^ Scientific American, November 2015, p.30.
178. Jump up^ "Disruptive Technologies Global Trends 2025" (PDF). National Intelligence
Council (NIC). April 2008. p. 27.
179. Jump up^ Ackerman, Spencer (15 March 2012). "CIA Chief: We'll Spy on You Through
Your Dishwasher". WIRED. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
180. Jump up^ "The Step Towards Innovation".
181. Jump up^ "Global IoT Security Market to reach a market size of $29.2 billion by 2022".
182. Jump up^ Ward, Mark (23 September 2015). "Smart devices to get security tune-
up". BBC News.
183. Jump up^ "Executive Steering Board". IoT Security Foundation.
184. Jump up^ Woolf, Nicky (26 October 2016). "DDoS attack that disrupted internet was
largest of its kind in history, experts say". The Guardian.
185. Jump up^ "The "anti-patterns" that turned the IoT into the Internet of Shit / Boing
Boing". boingboing.net.
186. Jump up^ Ali, Junade (2 May 2017). "IoT Security Anti-Patterns". Cloudflare Blog.
187. Jump up^ YuriDio. "Azure IoT security architecture". docs.microsoft.com.
Retrieved 2017-12-07.
188. Jump up^ Thraka. "Cloud Services and management certificates". docs.microsoft.com.
Retrieved 2017-12-07.
189. Jump up^ Schneier, Bruce (6 October 2016). "We Need to Save the Internet from the
Internet of Things". Motherboard.
190. Jump up^ Schneier, Bruce (1 February 2017). "Security and the Internet of Things".
191. Jump up^ Fielding, Roy Thomas (2000). "Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-
based Software Architectures" (PDF). University Of California, Irvine.
192. Jump up^ Littman, Michael; Kortchmar, Samuel. "The Path To A Programmable
World". Footnote. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
193. Jump up^ Finley, Klint (6 May 2014). "The Internet of Things Could Drown Our
Environment in Gadgets". Wired.
194. Jump up^ Gilbert, Arlo (3 April 2016). "The time that Tony Fadell sold me a container of
hummus". Retrieved 7 April 2016.
195. ^ Jump up to:a b c Walsh, Kit (5 April 2016). "Nest Reminds Customers That Ownership
Isn't What It Used to Be". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
196. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Taming the IoT terminology zoo: what does it all mean?". Information
Age. Vitesse Media Plc. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
197. ^ Jump up to:a b "Technology Working Group". The Industrial Internet Consortium.
Retrieved 21 March 2017.
198. Jump up^ "Vocabulary Technical Report". The Industrial Internet Consortium.
Retrieved 21 March 2017.
199. Jump up^ "Acceleration Sensing". IoT One. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
200. Jump up^ "IoT Terms Database". IoT One. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
201. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Why The Consumer Internet Of Things Is Stalling". Forbes.
Retrieved 24 March 2017.
202. Jump up^ Fatorachian, Hajar; Kazemi, Hadi (11 January 2018). "A critical investigation of
Industry 4.0 in manufacturing: theoretical operationalisation framework". Production Planning &
Control: 1–12. doi:10.1080/09537287.2018.1424960.
203. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "Every. Thing. Connected. A study of the adoption of 'Internet of
Things' among Danish companies" (PDF). Ericsson. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
204. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Privacy of the Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review
(Extended Discussion)" (PDF). Retrieved 27 March 2017.
205. Jump up^ Basenese, Louis. "The Best Play on the Internet of Things Trend". Wall Street
Daily. Wall Street Daily. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
206. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Igniting Growth in Consumer Technology" (PDF). Accenture.
Retrieved 27 March 2017.
207. Jump up^ Yarmoluk, Dan. "5 Barriers to IoT Adoption & How to Overcome Them". ATEK
Access Technologies. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
208. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Anthony, Scott. "Disruptive Innovation: Kodak's Downfall Wasn't About
Technology". Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Publishing. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
209. Jump up^ Solaimani, Sam; Keijzer-Broers, Wally; Bouwman, Harry (2015-05-01). "What
we do – and don't – know about the Smart Home: An analysis of the Smart Home
literature". Indoor and Built Environment. 24 (3): 370–
383. doi:10.1177/1420326X13516350. ISSN 1420-326X.
210. Jump up^ Westerlund, Mika; Leminen, Seppo; Rajahonka, Mervi (2014). "Designing
Business Models for the Internet of Things". Technology Innovation Management
Review. 4(7). ISSN 1927-0321.
Bibliography[edit]
This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. The
specific problem is: This list needs to be de-spammed and
trimmed down to the three most essential books on this topic
only.
When placing this tag, consider associating this request with
a WikiProject. (September 2016)
External links[edit]
w hat is an inte
WEB RESULTS
Internet of things - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other
items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these
objects to connect and exchange data. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded
computing system but is ...
What is Internet of Things (IoT)? - Definition from WhatIs.com
internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are assigned unique
identifiers and given the ability to automatically transfer data over a network without requiring human-
to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
What is the Internet of Things, and how does it work? - IBM
www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot
Nov 17, 2016 ... Devices and objects with built in sensors are connected to an Internet of Things
platform, which integrates data from the different devices and applies analytics to share the most
valuable information with applications built to address specific needs. These powerful IoT platforms
can pinpoint exactly what ...
A Simple Explanation Of 'The Internet Of Things' - Forbes
www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-
can-understand
May 13, 2014 ... What exactly is the "Internet of things" and what impact is it going to have on you, if
any?
What is the Internet of Things? Definition, Industries & Companies ...
www.businessinsider.com/what-is-the-internet-of-things-definition-2016-8
Dec 19, 2016 ... robots machines internet of things ioT An engineer makes an adjustment to the robot
"The Incredible Bionic Man" at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington
October 17, 2013. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts You've likely heard the phrase "Internet of Things" —
or IoT — at some point, ...
What is the IoT? Everything you need to know about the Internet of ...
www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of-things-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-
right-now
Jan 19, 2018 ... The Internet of Things explained: What the IoT is, and where it's going next.
Internet of Things (IoT) Definition | Webopedia
www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_things.html
IoT is the ever-growing network of physical objects that feature Internet connectivity and the
communication that occurs between these and Internet- enabled devices and systems.
What is the Internet of Things? WIRED explains | WIRED UK
www.wired.co.uk/article/internet-of-things-what-is-explained-iot
"It's about networks, it's about devices, and it's about data," Caroline Gorski, the head of IoT at Digital
Catapult explains. IoT allows devices on closed private internet connections to communicate with
others and "the Internet of Things brings those networks together. It gives the opportunity for devices
to communicate not only ...
What is the Internet of Things? Internet of Things definitions - i-SCOOP
www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things
Internet of Things definitions, terminology and acronym - your resource to understand the Internet of
Things and the many Internet of Things definitions.
How It Works: Internet of Things - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSIPNhOiMoE
Sep 3, 2015 ... The Internet of Things gives us access to the data from millions of devices. But how
does it work, and what can we do with all that data? Find out in this an...
1
2
3
4
5
Next
RELATED SEARCH
Faster Internet
Artificial Intelligence
Quantum Internet
Ambient Intelligence
Machine to Machine
Zigbee
Smart Dust
Quantum Communications
Illuminates of Thanateros
Quantum Computer
Spintronics
Radio Frequency Identification
Privacy
Terms
© 2018 IAC Publishing, LLC
TOPICS
WEBINARS
DOWNLOADS
DICTIONARY
TUTORIALS
Q&A
TRENDING:
VIRTUALIZATION
MACHINE LEARNING
BIG DATA
ENTERPRISE
DEVELOPMENT
MORE
o
o
o
o
Topics
Webinars
Downloads
Dictionary
Tutorials
Q&A
Trending
More
Home
Dictionary
Tags
Internet
Web Services
Related Terms
Web of Things (WoT)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Radio Frequency Identification Tag (RFID Tag)
Radio Frequency Identification Reader (RFID Reader)
Ambient Networks
Quick Response Code (QR Code)
Smart Client
Semantic Web
Internet of Overwhelming Things (IoOT)
Always On
Related Articles
The Key to Quality Big Data Analytics: Understanding 'Different' - TechWise Episode 4
Transcript
Featured Q&A
How can cloud computing save money?
What is the difference between big data and data mining?
What is the difference between big data and Hadoop?
RESOURCES
LATEST ARTICLES
How Machine Learning Is Impacting HR Analytics
ABOUT
Aboutfor Us
Write
CONTENT
Topics
Tutorials
TOPICS
Cloud
All Computing
Topics
CONNECT
Facebook
Feed
MORE
Webinars
Newsletters
Leadership #NewTech
MAY 13, 2014 @ 12:05 AM 1,174,713 The Little Black Book of Billionaire Secrets
Jacob Morgan , CONTRIBUTORI write about and explore the future of work! Opinions expressed by Forbes
Contributors are their own.
Shutterstock
Broadband Internet is become more widely available, the cost of connecting is decreasing,
more devices are being created with Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors built into them,
technology costs are going down, and smartphone penetration is sky-rocketing. All of these
things are creating a "perfect storm" for the IoT.
Watch on Forbes:
Play Video
Simply put, this is the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off switch
to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cellphones, coffee
makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else
you can think of. This also applies to components of machines, for example a jet engine of
an airplane or the drill of an oil rig. As I mentioned, if it has an on and off switch then
chances are it can be a part of the IoT. The analyst firm Gartner says that by 2020 there will
be over 26 billion connected devices... That's a lot of connections (some even estimate this
number to be much higher, over 100 billion). The IoT is a giant network of connected
"things" (which also includes people). The relationship will be between people-people,
people-things, and things-things.
The new rule for the future is going to be, "Anything that can be connected, will be
connected." But why on earth would you want so many connected devices talking to each
other? There are many examples for what this might look like or what the potential value
might be. Say for example you are on your way to a meeting; your car could have access to
your calendar and already know the best route to take. If the traffic is heavy your car might
send a text to the other party notifying them that you will be late. What if your alarm clock
wakes up you at 6 a.m. and then notifies your coffee maker to start brewing coffee for you?
What if your office equipment knew when it was running low on supplies and automatically
re-ordered more? What if the wearable device you used in the workplace could tell you when
and where you were most active and productive and shared that information with other
devices that you used while working?
On a broader scale, the IoT can be applied to things like transportation networks: "smart
cities" which can help us reduce waste and improve efficiency for things such as energy use;
this helping us understand and improve how we work and live. Take a look at the visual
below to see what something like that can look like.
The reality is that the IoT allows for virtually endless opportunities and connections to take
place, many of which we can't even think of or fully understand the impact of today. It's not
hard to see how and why the IoT is such a hot topic today; it certainly opens the door to a lot
of opportunities but also to many challenges. Security is a big issue that is oftentimes brought
up. With billions of devices being connected together, what can people do to make sure that
their information stays secure? Will someone be able to hack into your toaster and thereby
get access to your entire network? The IoT also opens up companies all over the world to
more security threats. Then we have the issue of privacy and data sharing. This is a hot-
button topic even today, so one can only imagine how the conversation and concerns will
escalate when we are talking about many billions of devices being connected. Another issue
that many companies specifically are going to be faced with is around the massive amounts
of data that all of these devices are going to produce. Companies need to figure out a way to
store, track, analyze and make sense of the vast amounts of data that will be generated.
So what now?
Conversations about the IoT are (and have been for several years) taking place all over the
world as we seek to understand how this will impact our lives. We are also trying to
understand what the many opportunities and challenges are going to be as more and more
devices start to join the IoT. For now the best thing that we can do is educate ourselves about
what the IoT is and the potential impacts that can be seen on how we work and live.
Jacob Morgan is a keynote speaker, author (most recently of The Future of Work), and
futurist.
Print
Website Feedback
News Tip
Report Corrections
Reprints & Permissions
Play Video
YOUR READING LIST
+2602 views in the last 24 hours
Bad For Business? China's Corruption Isn't Getting Any Better Despite Government
Crackdowns
Netflix & Amazon Battle For A Piece Of India's 500M Smartphone Audience, But Which
Strategy Will Pay Off?
+5672 views in the last 24 hours
China's Cabinet Shuffle Suggests That Xi Will Rule China Through The State, Not The Party
+4743 views in the last 24 hours
How The Huawei Mate 10's NPU Finally Proved Itself Five Months After Release
AmazonTry Prime
Electronics
Electronics
Go
Go
Search
Sign in
New customer? Start here.
Shop byCategory
QCY Q26 Wireless Invisible Headphones With Mic, Hands-free Stereo Noi…
Buy: 875.00
Electronics
›
Headphones
›
Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear Earbud,Bluetooth Headset
Share Facebook Twitter Pinterest
Quantity:
1
Add to Cart
Add to Cart
Submit
Buy Now
Submit
Add to Wish List
861.04
+ 120.00 Delivery charge
999.00
FREE Delivery. Details
949.00
+ 50.00 Delivery charge
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
VIDEO
Portronics
M.R.P.: 1,199.00
In stock.
Guaranteed delivery to pincode 110001 - Delhi by Today 9pm with Same-Day Delivery — Order in
the next 10 hours and 37 minutes Details
Sold by Widgets India (4.4 out of 5 | 2,651 ratings) and Fulfilled by Amazon. Gift-wrap available.
14 offers from 965.00
Smallest and virtually invisible Mini Bluetooth Earbud that can be used both for phone calls and listening to
music from paired mobile phones
This wireless headphone earbud has 8 mm strong magnetic speaker with Acoustic Echo Reduction
technology and Enhanced Noise Cancellation technology to filter out the external noise and enable clearer
sound during the calls or while listening to music.
The Harmonics Harmonics Talky is truly a mini Bluetooth headphone with just 18 mm length and a mere 4.9
grams of weight
It connects with devices within just 0.3 second and upto a 33-feet range. Harmonics Talky can connect with
two devices simultaneously with ease.
Harmonics Talky provides an impressive 3-hours talk/play time with 70 hours of standby on a single charge.
› See more product details
Compare with similar items
The order quantity for this product is limited to 2 unit per customer
Please note that orders which exceed the quantity limit will be auto-canceled.
This is applicable across sellers.
Check out the wide range of headphones from top brands and avail current offers See more
+
Total price: 1,900.00
Submit
Add both to Cart
This item:Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear Earbud,Bluetooth Headset 965.00
Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear Earbud,Bluetooth Headset White 935.00
Mido M5 Dual Sim Basic Phone With Lang Battery And Big Speaker (Red)
849.00
2.
Jabra Elite 65t True Wireless Bluetooth Earbuds with Charging Case (Black)
12,990.00
3.
1,599.00
4.
273
549.00
5.
1,599.00
6.
799.00
7.
Auslese™ Wireless Bluetooth Earbuds, Mini Ultralight V4.1 Twins Bluetooth Stereo He...
4,499.00
Ad feedback
Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear Earbud,Bluetooth Headset White
935.00
2.
QCY Q26 Wireless Invisible Headphones With Mic, Hands-free Stereo Noise Canceling for…
875.00
3.
479.00
4.
ZAAP BOLT Bluetooth 4.1 Mini Headset Wireless Headphone/Earbud Universal Compatibility…
1,499.00
5.
1,240.00
6.
iBall Bluetooth Headset Earphone With Mic - Handsfree for Mobile (iBall EarWear B3)
759.00
Product description
BEATS IN BUD
"Harmonics Talky" - the smallest and virtually invisible Mini Bluetooth Earbud
that can be used both for phone calls and listening to music from paired mobile
phones. It uses latest Bluetooth 4.1 version.
CONNECT WIRELESSLY
Connect wirelessly via bluetooth 4.1, It connects with devices within just 0.3
second and upto a 33-feet range. Harmonics Talky can connect with two devices
simultaneously with ease. It has fast & universal compatibility with any brand of
bluetooth enabled mobile phone or tablet.
Colour — Black
View la
Product information
Technical Details
Item Weight 59 g
Batteries Included No
Batteries Required No
Additional Information
ASIN B06WVWN7CR
Feedback
Would you like to tell us about a lower price?
If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support?
What other items do customers buy after viewing
this item?
QCY Q26 Wireless Invisible Headphones With Mic, Hands-free Stereo Noise Canceling for iPhone
and Android Smart Phones…
3.2 out of 5 stars 227
875.00 Pri me
iBall Bluetooth Headset Earphone With Mic - Handsfree for Mobile (iBall EarWear B3)
2.7 out of 5 stars 61
759.00 Pri me
Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear Earbud,Bluetooth Headset White
3.2 out of 5 stars 44
935.00 Pri me
Portronics Harmonics 101 Retractable Bluetooth In-Ear Earphones
3.2 out of 5 stars 92
1,240.00 Pri me
2.
1,499.00
3.
CHKOKKO Decibel Over-Ear Wireless Bluetooth High Bass High Quality Oval Headphones ...
91
2,399.00
4.
TAGG® Inferno, Wireless Bluetooth Earphone Headphone with Mic + Free Carry Case || ...
1629
2,499.00
5.
CHKOKKO Mercury M2 IPX5 Waterproof Wireless Bluetooth Earphones with Mic,Silicon Ho...
622
1,999.00
6.
273
549.00
7.
1,599.00
Ad feedback
Customer Questions & Answers
See questions and answers
Customer reviews
216
5 star 35%
4 star 16%
3 star 9%
2 star 12%
1 star 28%
ear voice device calls call range noiseclarity hear connected iphone low listeningcharging cancellation
waste hearing connect volumeuseful
Swagata G.
4 October 2017
Verified Purchase
battery runs for maxium 45 mints... after 45 mints you have to charge for an hour, then it will work... I
had returned the product and they replaced a new piece on time, but yet I am facing the same issue...
in product description, it was said that talky runs for 3 hours if it is fully charged — I was beguiled and
made a mistake by buying this product... waste of money
Comment 9 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Nishant I.
23 November 2017
Verified Purchase
An absolutely Atrocious product. I always use a bluetooth headset and found this to be the worst of
them. The earplug goes into your ear and booms everytime you are walking with the headset on. Its
very distracting and cannot be used while moving around which defeats the very purpose why we use
a bluetooth headset. Worst of all is the replacement policy of Amazon. They will only replace the
product and not return it. This is even worse. Portronics Q26 Harmonics Talky Mini Bluetooth In-Ear
Earbud,Bluetooth Headset
Comment 7 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
nandita
1.0 out of 5 starsIncorrect description! DOES NOT WORK WITH IPHONE! BEWARE!
27 September 2017
Verified Purchase
Item isn't compatible with iPhone 6s. Wrong description is provided saying compatible with all
Bluetooth mobiles and tablets. I was unable to connect/pair as item wasn't discoverable at all. I want
to return and get a refund. Not a replacement! What will I do with a replacement if it's not compatible.
I've read all the feedbacks now and it shows it's not working with iPhones
Comment 4 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Amazon Customer
9 August 2017
Verified Purchase
It's a wonderful product. I am using it day and night .Best part id you can enjoy music any time also
calls. quality of voice is great. just need to be very careful when you jump or using washroom.
बबबब बबबबब बबबबबबबब बब बबब बबब बबबबब बब बबब बब बबबब बब ब बबबबबबबब
बब बबबबब बब बब बबबब बबब बबबब बबबबब बब बब बबबबबब बब बब बबबब बब
बबबबबब बबब बबबब बब बबब बब बब बब बबब बबबब बब ब बबबबब बबबब बब बबब बब
बबब बबबब बब बबबब बबब ब बबबब बबबबब बब बब बबबबब
Comment 4 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Amazon Customer
31 December 2017
Verified Purchase
The biggest problem with this device is that the sound quality of the mic is not good or the sensor is
not good enough, so there is lack of clarity for the other person when you’re talking on the phone.
Considering this is called a ‘Talky’ I think that basic feature should have been taken care of. It’s not
possible for us to shout in order to get our voice heard across to the other person.
Comment 3 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Ankita
25 September 2017
Verified Purchase
Ups:
1. Premium looks.
2. Quality packaging and hardware.
3. Handy.
Lows:
1. Doesn't do its basic job i.e low sound in calls or music. You just can`t hear even if a fan is on in a
empty room.
2. No noise cancellation. Echoes at time, too.
Comment 3 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
KVK
22 July 2017
Verified Purchase
Product quality is good and the functionality is excellent. Very rarely the connection is intermittent
especially when listening to music. Overall very good and would highly recommend this product if you
are looking for a good Bluetooth earbud headphone.
Comment 4 people found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Tapas Das
1.0 out of 5 starsIn this price range the product doesn't fulfill all requirement.Price is very higher than
Product quality.
1 March 2018
Verified Purchase
Not so good to fulfill my expectation.sound loudness is not enough in public place and voice clarity is
not quit good.range is very poor than others.If anyone having problem with hearing ,i suggest please
don't buy this.because of ear suffocation while using this.Also this product reduce body balancing
while using.(Because our ear control our body balance while we are in standing or walking).
Otherwise style ,durability, weight, size etc is quite well than others. In this price range the product
doesn't fulfill all requirement.Price is very higher than Product quality.I was getting very exited before
buying this product but right now I think this is a waste of money.
Yes
No
Report abuse
Ad feedback
Customer images
See all customer images
Dr P.
2.0 out of 5 starsNot that good
I was very happy with this product initially. Battery lasts about 1.5 hours. But about 4 months after
purchase, the volume has become so low- even if I keep in maximum volume.
Published 56 minutes ago
Abhijit saha
Azeez
1.0 out of 5 starsThe product which i bought is not good, while hearing songs the clarity is not clear
The product which i bought is not good, while hearing songs the clarity is not clear. Please don't sell
this kind of products.
Published 1 day ago
Amazon Customer
Amazon Customer
Swaraj Karnawat
5.0 out of 5 starsAwesome! Best quality and best call quality !!
Best! Till now! Was afraid to buy this! Whether it will work or not! But it works properly! I loved sound
quality and call quality!Read more
Published 9 days ago
Amazon Customer
SACHIN
Yogesh Dogra
Mudit Bhargava
Submit
Search
Pages with related products. See and discover other items: Portronics Mobile Phone
Headsets, Portronics Mobile Phone Wired Headsets, Portronics Mobile Phone Stylus Pens, bluetooth
phone, wireless earbud, wireless earbuds
Back to top
Amazon
Pay on
Merchants
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
United States
Amazon Web Services Audible DPReview IMDb Junglee
Scalable Cloud Download Digital Movies, TV Shop Online
Computing Services Audio Books Photography & Celebrities in India
s Making It Happen
Making It Happen
Innovation News
Personal Finance
Visit Harmoney
Making It Happen
PERSONAL FINANCE
MORE
Featured
PERSONAL FINANCE
PERSONAL FINANCE
PERSONAL FINANCE
MAKING IT HAPPEN
MAKING IT HAPPEN
MAKING IT HAPPEN
PERSONAL FINANCE
MAKING IT HAPPEN
MAKING IT HAPPEN
PERSONAL FINANCE
Subscribe
Making It Happen
Making It Happen
Innovation News
Personal Finance
Money
Borrow money
Lend money
Peer-to-peer personal loans
How it works
The Marketplace
Marketplace Management
General FAQs
About Harmoney
Company Story
Contact us
Site map
Amazon.co.ukTry Prime
Grocery
Grocery
Go
Go
Search
Deliver toIndia
Shop byDepartment
Bulleit
Top Rated
MONKEY SHOULDER
Lowest Price
Chivas Regal
Add to Basket
Add to Basket
Deliver to India
Submit
Add to List
Other Sellers on Amazon
12 new from £54.99
Ad feedback
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
Submit
| 5 answered questions
Price: £54.99 (£78.56 / l) & FREE Delivery in the UK. Delivery Details
Usually dispatched within 2 to 4 weeks.
Alcohol is not for sale to people under the age of 18. For the facts about alcohol visit
drinkaware.co.uk. A signature will be required on delivery. See Details
+
Total price: £112.94
Submit
Add both to Basket
These items are dispatched from and sold by different sellers. Show details
This item:Hibiki Japanese Harmony Suntory Whisky, 70 cl £54.99(£78.56 / l)
Yamazaki Distillery Reserve Single Malt Whisky, 70 cl £57.95(£82.79 / l)
180
£25.00 (£35.71/l)
2.
520
£33.99 (£48.56/l)
3.
Super Nikka
£48.00 (£68.57/l)
4.
118
£55.45 (£79.21/l)
5.
83
£22.00 (£31.43/l)
6.
153
£57.22 (£81.74/l)
7.
65
£56.83 (£81.19/l)
Ad feedback
Customers who bought this item also bought
This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use
your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading.
1.
2.
3.
£37.99
4.
5.
6.
£45.94
Have a question?
Find answers in product info, Q&As, reviews
Product information
Technical Details
Expand
General Information
Volume 700 ml
Units 1 Bottle
Storage Instructions Store away from direct light in a cool & dry place
Serving Recommendation Straight: enjoy with nothing added release the flavours, Water: add
a splash of water to. Ice: add some ice for a refreshing drink.
Brand Hibiki
Vintage NV
Cuisine Japanese
Awards Double Gold bei der San Francisco World Spirits Competition
SFWSC 2016
Manufacturer/Producer Hibiki
Additional Information
ASIN B012DC0OHQ
#21 in Grocery > Beer, Wine & Spirits > Spirits > Whisky
Feedback
Would you like to tell us about a lower price?
Important information
Legal Disclaimer
Unless expressly indicated in the product description, Amazon.co.uk is not the manufacturer of the
products sold on our website. While we work to ensure that product information on our website is
correct, manufacturers may alter their product information. Actual product packaging and materials
may contain more and/or different information than shown on our website. You should always read
the labels, warnings and instructions provided with the product before using or consuming it and not
solely rely on the information presented on our website. If you have any specific product queries,
please contact the manufacturer. This notice does not affect your legal rights.
Product description
Product Description
Hibiki Japanese Harmony Suntory Whisky, 70 cl
Directions
Enjoy Neat, on ice or with a splash of still or sparkling water.
From the manufacturer
An Award-Winning Whisky
2016 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, Double Gold
"Kanzen" or complete, Hibiki Whisky is a harmonious blend of innumerous malt and grain whiskies
which are meticulously blended to create a full orchestra of flavors and aromas
Hibiki was launched in 1989 to commemorate Suntory’s 90th anniversary, and has ever since been
embraced as the paragon of The Art of Japanese Whisky, the very product of Japanese nature
and her people
Colour: Amber
Aroma: Rose, lychee, hint of rosemary, mature woodiness, sandalwood
Taste: Honey-like sweetness, candied orange peel, and white chocolate
Finish: Subtle, tender, long finish, with hint of Mizunara (Japanese oak)
Hibiki Japanese Harmony Blended Whisky
Suntory Whisky Hibiki is a harmonious blend, blessed with the riches of Japanese nature and
craftsmanship.
Hibiki Japanese Harmony is the perfect introduction to Japanese whisky. Pure and noble, it offers a
transparency of taste that allows for all of this whisky’s complexities to be revealed simultaneously.
Hibiki, meaning “resonance”, embodies the soul of Japanese craftsmanship. Its harmonious blend
resounds with calm complexity and “Wa” or “oneness.”
Hibiki Whisky is not only Japan’s one of the most highly awarded blended whisky, but among the
most prestigious and honoured whiskies in the world.
43% ABV
A meticulous blend of the finest select whiskies from the House of Suntory Whisky creates an
enveloping harmony of flavours and aromas
Delicately balanced, smooth and subtly sweet blended whisky
A symphony of at least 10 malt and three grain whiskies from Suntory’s Yamazaki, Hakushu and
Chita distilleries
Aged in five different types of casks, up to approximately 20 years old
Read more
Seductive, blossoming and enigmatic, Hibiki Hibiki Whiskies embody the soul of Japanese The sp
celebrates the unrivaled art of blending, fine craftsmanship. They are a harmonious blend of Distille
craftsmanship and a sense of luxury. Hibiki stands House of Suntory’s Yamazaki and Hakashu malt and wa
as an exceptional Blended Japanese Whisky that whiskies and Chita grain whisky that resound when b
deserves comparison to the world’s best Scotches. with calm complexity and “Wa”; oneness. flavour
Hibiki Japanese Harmony The Yamazaki Distiller's Reserve The Hakushu Distille
Whisky Single Malt Whisky Single Malt W
From The House of Suntory Hibiki Japanese Harmony is A combination of aged Hakushu Distiller’s
delicately balanced, smooth Yamazaki sherry cask and a whisky that is sm
and subtly sweet. Its aged mizunara cask malt complex nuance
harmonious blend of the whiskies that is luxurious, vibrant as a fresh
finest select whiskies creates exclusive, knowledgeable but The innovative
a oneness unfolding a full not pretentious, Yamazaki Hakushu’s lightly p
orchestra of flavours and Distiller’s Reserve is a rich, whiskies are com
aromas easy-to-drink whisky with a aged American wh
malt whiskies to e
round-bodied, profound and refreshing,
mature taste characteris
Award Winning Whiskies 2016 San Francisco World 2016 International Spirits 2016 Internation
Spirits Competition, Double Challenge, Silver Challenge, S
Gold
Yamazaki Distillery Reserve Single Malt Whisky, 70 cl
4.5 out of 5 stars 67
£57.95
Nikka From the Barrel, 50 cl
4.5 out of 5 stars 111
£37.99 Amaz on Pri me
Chita Suntory Whisky, 70cl
4.5 out of 5 stars 11
£45.94 Amaz on Pri me
Lagavulin 16 Years Old Single Malt Scotch Whisky, 70cl
4.5 out of 5 stars 339
£49.00 Amaz on Pri me
178
£118.99 (£169.99/l)
2.
209
£27.99 (£39.99/l)
3.
180
£25.00 (£35.71/l)
4.
£683.11 (£975.87/l)
5.
Final Touch YARAI ON THE ROCK Hand-Etched Whisky Glass 236ml & Silicone Ice Mould -...
£19.99
6.
22
£19.00 (£27.14/l)
7.
Super Nikka
£48.00 (£68.57/l)
Ad feedback
Customer reviews
54
5 star 85%
4 star 11%
3 star 2%
1 star 2%
A. V. Rains
13 June 2017
Verified Purchase
This is a really nice Japanese whisky and compares favourably with other Japanese whiskies in a
similar price range. The bottle is a work of art and worth retaining afterwards.
Overall, very pleased with this and would buy again
Comment One person found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
Tamas Harkanyi
20 September 2017
Verified Purchase
five start whisky with a 5 star service.strongly recommend if you not tried it so
Comment One person found this helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
|
Yes
No
Report abuse
8 January 2018
Verified Purchase
Lovely whiskey!
Yes
No
Report abuse
Jeevan B.
6 October 2017
Verified Purchase
Amazing
Yes
No
Report abuse
John Winstanley
13 August 2017
Verified Purchase
Yes
No
Report abuse
Helen J.
25 October 2017
Verified Purchase
Gorgeous
Yes
No
Report abuse
Disgruntled
29 December 2017
Verified Purchase
There is some thing very strange about this product. I became quite ill after sampling a small glass
and I have sent the contents off for a chemical analysis. This does not taste like Hibiki
Yes
No
Report abuse
MR M Patel
28 July 2017
Verified Purchase
Awesome!!
No
Report abuse
Ad feedback
Danielle McCarthy
Ark
SPooCK
Dominik Kopec
Artur
Amazon Customer
Orton
Submit
Search
Pages with related products. See and discover other items: orange chocolate, chocolate
rose, chocolate roses, japanese chocolate, chocolate drink, chocolate set
Amazon EU S.a.r.l. is certified organic according to EU Organic Food regulations by the control body
LU-BIO-04
Back to top
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
India
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Spain
United States
c AbeBooks ACX Amazon Web Servic
Books, art Audiobook Publishing Scalable Cloud
& collectables Made Easy Computing Services