OBJECTIVE

1. To synthesize a sample of hard soap

2. To test the soap produced

MATERIALS

CHEMICALS :

 NAOH

 95% ethanol

 Fat

 50% water / ethanol mixture NaCl solution

 4% calcium chloride solution

 Trisodium phosphate
 PROCEDURE

PART A

PREPARATION OF SOAP

1. NaOH solution was prepared.

2. 0.25 g of fat in 50 ml conical flask was placed and added with sodium hydroxide.

3. The mixture was heated in 100℃ of bath.

4. The flask was covered in aluminium foil and were swirled for few minutes.

5. The soap precipitated.

6. The mixture was heated for 25 minutes.

7. 4ml NaCl of solution were placed in 15ml beaker and the saponified mixture was
transfer.

8. The mixture was stirred while cooling the beaker in an ice water bath.

9. The prepared soap was collected in Hirsch funnel of ice cold water.

10. The air were continue to draw through the filter for a few minutes.

PART B

TESTING ON PREPARED SOAP

1. 0.01g of soap were removed from filter paper and were placed in 10 ml of
graduated cylinder.

2. 3 ml of distilled water was added and the cylinder was closed with a thumb and
shake vigorously for 15 seconds.

3. The PH aqueous solution were checked.

4. 5 - 10 drops of 4 % calcium chloride solution was added to the soap mixture from
Pasteur pipette. The mixture was shake for 15 seconds and stand for 30 seconds.

5. 0.5 g of trisodium phosphate was added and shake again for 15 seconds and stand
for 30 seconds.